scholarly journals Development of an Embedded Myokinetic Prosthetic Hand Controller

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Clemente ◽  
Valerio Ianniciello ◽  
Marta Gherardini ◽  
Christian Cipriani
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Markers ◽  
First Time

The quest for an intuitive and physiologically appropriate human machine interface for the control of dexterous prostheses is far from being completed. In the last decade, much effort has been dedicated to explore innovative control strategies based on the electrical signals generated by the muscles during contraction. In contrast, a novel approach, dubbed myokinetic interface, derives the control signals from the localization of multiple magnetic markers (MMs) directly implanted into the residual muscles of the amputee. Building on this idea, here we present an embedded system based on 32 magnetic field sensors and a real time computation platform. We demonstrate that the platform can simultaneously localize in real-time up to five MMs in an anatomically relevant workspace. The system proved highly linear (R2 = 0.99) and precise (1% repeatability), yet exhibiting short computation times (4 ms) and limited cross talk errors (10% the mean stroke of the magnets). Compared to a previous PC implementation, the system exhibited similar precision and accuracy, while being ~75% faster. These results proved for the first time the viability of using an embedded system for magnet localization. They also suggest that, by using an adequate number of sensors, it is possible to increase the number of simultaneously tracked MMs while introducing delays that are not perceivable by the human operator. This could allow to control more degrees of freedom than those controllable with current technologies.

scholarly journals Augmented Kalman filter with a reduced mechanical model to estimate tower loads on a land-based wind turbine: a step towards digital-twin simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1155-1167
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Branlard ◽  
Dylan Giardina ◽  
Cameron S. D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Joint Coordinates ◽  
Filtering Technique ◽  
Life Consumption ◽  
General Method

Abstract. This article presents an application of the Kalman filtering technique to estimate loads on a wind turbine. The approach combines a mechanical model and a set of measurements to estimate signals that are not available in the measurements, such as wind speed, thrust, tower position, and tower loads. The model is severalfold faster than real time and is intended to be run online, for instance, to evaluate real-time fatigue life consumption of a field turbine using a digital twin, perform condition monitoring, or assess loads for dedicated control strategies. The mechanical model is built using a Rayleigh–Ritz approach and a set of joint coordinates. We present a general method and illustrate it using a 2-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) model of a wind turbine and using rotor speed, generator torque, pitch, and tower-top acceleration as measurement signals. The different components of the model are tested individually. The overall method is evaluated by computing the errors in estimated tower-bottom-equivalent moment from a set of simulations. From this preliminary study, it appears that the tower-bottom-equivalent moment is obtained with about 10 % accuracy. The limitation of the model and the required steps forward are discussed.

scholarly journals Improving efficiency of clinical studies by a novel, total digital approach: The Red Heart Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Schenck-Gustafsson ◽  
Carina Carnlöf ◽  
Mats Jensen-Urstad ◽  
Per Insulander
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Monitor Device

BACKGROUND In general, most clinical studies in patients and healthy volunteers take a longer time to finalize than original planned because of the long recruitment periods. Especially signing the informed consent is time-consuming OBJECTIVE The objectives were to explore if inclusion of a large number of participants could be done quickly by using a total digital approach both for information and signing of informed consent and if a totally web-based inclusion would result in a geographically more uniform distribution of participants METHODS In the Red Heart Study, women with palpitations were intensively studied during two months by means of a handheld ECG monitor device (Coala Heart Monitor), It connects to a smartphone or tablet so the participants can get an immediate response of the results. Recruitment, study information and signing the informed consent were total digital. The informed consent was signed digitally with the help of Swedish eAuthentication (Bank ID). RESULTS Between March and May 2018, 2 424 persons announced interest to participate in the study. On June 19th, 2018, presumptive participants were invited to log in to the website to answer baseline questionnaires and sign informed consent. The recruitment was completed on the 13th of July-after 25 days with 1 089 women included. About 100°000 thumb ECG and 100°000 chest ECG recordings were performed. The mean age of the women was 56±11 years (range 21-88 years). Thirty-five participants were 75 years or older. No participant had any difficulties with this the full digital approach. The participants were evenly distributed between living in the countryside (n=525) and in the cities (n=438). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-time researchers have used eAuthentication at online signing of informed consent. Fully digitalized inclusion recruitment of 1 089 participants was done in 45 days. This novel approach also resulted in a more evenly geographically distribution of participants CLINICALTRIAL ISRCTN22495299

scholarly journals Real Time Pattern Recognition for Prosthetic Hand

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Benitez Lopez ◽  
Carlos Rodriguez ◽  
Jonathan Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Myoelectric Prostheses ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Abstract Control of prosthetic hands is still an open problem, currently, commercial prostheses use direct myoelectric control for this purpose. However, as mechanical design advances, more dexterous prostheses with more degrees of freedom (DOF) are created, then a more precise control is required. State of the art has focused in the use of pattern recognition as a control strategy with promising results. Studies have shown similar results to classic control strategies with the advantage of being more intuitive for the user. Many works have tried to find the algorithms that best follows the user’s intention. However, deployment of these algorithms for real-time classification in a prosthesis has not been widely explored. This paper addresses this problem by deploying and testing in real-time an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The ANN was trained to classify three different motions: no grasp, precision grasp and power grasp in order to control a two DOF trans-radial prosthetic hand with electromyographic signals acquired from two channels. Static and dynamic tests were made to evaluate the ANN under those conditions, 95% and 81% accuracy scores were reached respectively. Our work shows the potential of pattern recognition algorithms to be deployed in microcontrollers that can fit inside myoelectric prostheses.

scholarly journals SIoT for cognitive logistics: Leveraging the social graph of digital twins for effective operations on real-time events

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Miha Cimperman ◽  
Angela Dimitriou ◽  
Kostas Kalaboukas ◽  
Aziz S. Mousas ◽  
Salvatore Quattropani
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Internet Of Things ◽  
Integrated Logistics ◽  
First Time

Over the years, with the migration of organizations towards the concepts of logistics 4.0, a paradigm shift was necessary to guarantee logistics efficiency. The challenge is to dynamically cope in real time with vast number of shipments and destinations, which need to be realigned both with a determined lead time and with a finite of available resources. Although a number of standards have already been adopted for the management of transport and logistics operations, taking advantage, for instance, of Decision Support Systems and Geographic Information Systems, new models are required for achieving effective handling of the dynamic logistics environment that is shaped today. In this paper, an integrated logistics framework addressing the previous challenges is presented, for the first time, as a result of the activities of the H2020 COG-LO project. This novel approach exploits Social Internet of Things (SIoT) and the digital twins technique to realize the concept of the Cognitive Logistics Object (CLO). A CLO is defined as an entity that is augmented with cognitive capabilities, it is autonomous, and bears social-like capabilities, which enable the formulation of ad hoc communities for negotiating optimal solutions in logistics operations.

Design and Implementation of Cloud-Dust Based Intelligent System

2015 ◽  
Vol 764-765 ◽  
pp. 872-876
Author(s):  
Chung Chi Huang ◽  
Chung Lin Huang ◽  
Cong Hui Huang ◽  
Sheng Fone Yang
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Cloud System ◽  
Intelligent Computing ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Dust System

In the paper, design and Implementation of cloud-dust based intelligent system is proposed. For achieving applications of intelligent system, such as records, surveillance, assessments, predictions, diagnosis, prescription, scheduling and fool-proofing checks, an architecture named Cloud-Dust is developed. The intelligent system is separated into the cloud system and the dust system. The dust system contains (1) Wireless sensors network (2) Features extraction circuits (3) Intelligent computing circuits (4) Embedded system. It can play a role as real-time preprocessor very well, just like an intelligent agent. However, the cloud system contains (1) Cloud database (2) Intelligent computing engine (3) Ubiquitous human-machine-interface. It can flexibly use computing resources and integrate information from many different dust systems. By the experiments, we can find the advantages of the cloud-dust based intelligent system. It meets the both needs of real-time and integration for intelligent systems. So it is necessary to develop the cloud-dust based system for design and implementation of the intelligent system.

scholarly journals Novel Module-Based Membrane Reactor Design Approach for Improved Operability Performance

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Brent A. Bishop ◽  
Fernando V. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
In Series ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

This work aims to address the design and control challenges caused by the integration of phenomena and the loss of degrees of freedom (DOF) that occur in the intensification of membrane reactor units. First, a novel approach to designing membrane reactor units is proposed. This approach consists of designing smaller modules based on specific phenomena such as heat exchange, reactions, and mass transport and combining them in series to produce the final modular membrane-based unit. This approach to designing membrane reactors is then assessed using a process operability analysis for the first time to maximize the operability index, as a way of quantifying the operational performance of intensified processes. This work demonstrates that by designing membrane reactors in this way, the operability of the original membrane reactor design can be significantly improved, translating to an improvement in achievability for a potential control structure implementation.

scholarly journals Non-Intrusive In-Plane-Out-of-Plane Separated Representation in 3D Parametric Elastodynamics

Computation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Claudia Germoso ◽  
Giacomo Quaranta ◽  
Jean Louis Duval ◽  
Francisco Chinesta
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Parametric Solution ◽  
Challenging Issue ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Separated Representation ◽  
The One ◽  
Standard Software

Mesh-based solution of 3D models defined in plate or shell domains remains a challenging issue nowadays due to the fact that the needed meshes generally involve too many degrees of freedom. When the considered problem involves some parameters aiming at computing its parametric solution the difficulty is twofold. The authors proposed, in some of their former works, strategies for solving both, however they suffer from a deep intrusiveness. This paper proposes a totally novel approach that from any existing discretization is able to reduce the 3D parametric complexity to the one characteristic of a simple 2D calculation. Thus, the 3D complexity is reduced to 2D, the parameters included naturally into the solution, and the procedure applied on a discretization performed with a standard software, which taken together enable real-time engineering.

scholarly journals Combined high-resolution genotyping and geospatial analysis reveals modes of endemic urban typhoid fever transmission

Open Biology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 110008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Baker ◽  
Kathryn E. Holt ◽  
Archie C. A. Clements ◽  
Abhilasha Karkey ◽  
Amit Arjyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
First Time ◽  
Control Study

Typhoid is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, human-restricted bacteria that are transmitted faeco-orally. Salmonella Typhi and S . Paratyphi A are clonal, and their limited genetic diversity has precluded the identification of long-term transmission networks in areas with a high disease burden. To improve our understanding of typhoid transmission we have taken a novel approach, performing a longitudinal spatial case–control study for typhoid in Nepal, combining single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and case localization via global positioning. We show extensive clustering of typhoid occurring independent of population size and density. For the first time, we demonstrate an extensive range of genotypes existing within typhoid clusters, and even within individual households, including some resulting from clonal expansion. Furthermore, although the data provide evidence for direct human-to-human transmission, we demonstrate an overwhelming contribution of indirect transmission, potentially via contaminated water. Consistent with this, we detected S . Typhi and S . Paratyphi A in water supplies and found that typhoid was spatially associated with public water sources and low elevation. These findings have implications for typhoid-control strategies, and our innovative approach may be applied to other diseases caused by other monophyletic or emerging pathogens.

scholarly journals The control and training of single motor units in isometric tasks are constrained by a common synaptic input signal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Bräcklein ◽  
Jaime Ibáñez ◽  
Deren Yusuf Barsakcioglu ◽  
Jonathan Eden ◽  
Etienne Burdet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Common Input ◽  
Single Motor Units ◽  
Motor Neuron Excitability ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in neural interfaces enable the real-time and non-invasive tracking of motor neuron spiking activity. Such novel interfaces provide a promising basis for human motor augmentation by extracting potential high-dimensional control signals directly from the human nervous system. However, it is unclear how flexibly humans can control the activity of individual motor neurones to effectively increase the number of degrees-of-freedom available to coordinate multiple effectors simultaneously. Here, we provided human subjects (N=7) with real-time feedback on the discharge patterns of pairs of motor units (MUs) innervating a single muscle (tibialis anterior) and encouraged them to independently control the MUs by tracking targets in a 2D space. Subjects learned control strategies to achieve the target-tracking task for various combinations of MUs. These strategies rarely corresponded to a volitional control of independent input signals to individual MUs. Conversely, MU activation was consistent with a common input to the MU pair, while individual activation of the MUs in the pair was predominantly achieved by alterations in de-recruitment order that could be explained with history-dependent changes in motor neuron excitability. These results suggest that flexible MU control based on independent synaptic inputs to single MUs is not a simple to learn control strategy.

The motion of a lunar orbiter

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Y. Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Close Satellite ◽  
The Mean

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

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