scholarly journals Experimental Study on Damage Detection in ECC-Concrete Composite Beams Using Piezoelectric Transducers

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2799
Author(s):  
Fengjiang Qin ◽  
Zhigang Zhang ◽  
Bo Xie ◽  
Rui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Externally Bonded ◽  
Unique Strain

The use of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) has attracted extensive attention in recent years because of the highly enhanced ductility owing to its unique strain-hardening behavior. In this paper, an electromechanical impedance-based technique is used to monitor the structural damage of RC beams strengthened with an ECC layer at the tensile zone. To achieve this purpose, three specimens are tested under bending loads to evaluate the proposed damage detection methodology. Five externally bonded PZT transducers are uniformly distributed at the surface of the ECC layer of the beams to measure the output conductance signatures in a healthy state and in different damage scenarios induced by different load levels. Test results showed that discrepancies exist between the signals measured in the intact state and each damage state, which can be used to evaluate the structural integrity changes. To assess the damage of ECC-concrete composite beams quantitatively, the statistical scalar index-root mean square deviation (RMSD) is used as the index, which can be calculated from the variations of conductance measurements of PZT sensors. The damage index values of the uniformly distributed PZT sensors provided cogent evidence of damage and revealed the evolution of structural damage. The crack patterns of beams at different damage levels are compared with the damage index values, and it shows the damage location can be derived from the measured conductance signatures of an array of PZT transducers.

scholarly journals Modal Kinetic Energy Change Ratio-based Damage Assessment of Laminated Composite Beams using Noisy and Incomplete Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du Dinh-Cong ◽  
Linh Vo-Van ◽  
Dung Nguyen-Quoc ◽  
Trung Nguyen-Thoi
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Composite Beam ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Laminated Composite Beams

Modal kinetic energy (MKE) feature has been mostly employed for optimal sensor layout strategies; nevertheless, little attention is paid to use the feature to the field of structural damage detection. The article presents the extensive applicability of MKE change ratio (MKECR), a good damage sensitive parameter, to damage localization and quantification of laminated composite beams. The formulation of the parameter is based on the closed-form of element MKE sensitivity. The performance of the offered damage detection method is numerically verified by a clamped-clamped composite beam and a two-span continuous composite beam with different hypothetical damage scenarios. The influence of incomplete mode shapes, various noise levels as well as damage magnitudes on damage prediction results are also investigated. The obtained results from these numerical examples indicate that the offered method reliably localize the actually damaged elements and approximately estimate their severities, even under incomplete measurements at a high noise level.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. 

Structural Damage Assessment Using Output-Only Measurement: Localization and Quantification

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Hsiung Loh ◽  
Min-Hsuan Tseng ◽  
Shu-Hsien Chao
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Null Space ◽  
Singular Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Computation Efficiency ◽  
Output Only

One of the important issues to conduct the damage detection of a structure using vibration-based damage detection (VBDD) is not only to detect the damage but also to locate and quantify the damage. In this paper a systematic way of damage assessment, including identification of damage location and damage quantification, is proposed by using output-only measurement. Four level of damage identification algorithms are proposed. First, to identify the damage occurrence, null-space and subspace damage index are used. The eigenvalue difference ratio is also discussed for detecting the damage. Second, to locate the damage, the change of mode shape slope ratio and the prediction error from response using singular spectrum analysis are used. Finally, to quantify the damage the RSSI-COV algorithm is used to identify the change of dynamic characteristics together with the model updating technique, the loss of stiffness can be identified. Experimental data collected from the bridge foundation scouring in hydraulic lab was used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methods. The computation efficiency of each method is also discussed so as to accommodate the online damage detection.

Experimental Investigation on Improving Electromechanical Impedance Based Damage Detection by Temperature Compensation

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 1132-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Siebel ◽  
Mihail Lilov
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Compensation Approach ◽  
The Impact

The sensitivity of the electromechanical impedance to structural damage under varying temperature is investigated in this paper. An approach based on maximizing cross-correlation coefficients is used to compensate temperature effects. The experiments are carried out on an air plane conform carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) panel (500mm x 500mm x 5mm) instrumented with 26 piezoelectric transducers of two different sizes. In a first step, the panel is stepwise subjected to temperatures between-50 °C and 100 °C. The influence of varying temperatures on the measured impedances and the capability of the temperature compensation approach are analyzed. Next, the sensitivity to a 200 J impact damage is analyzed and it is set in relation to the influence of a temperature change. It becomes apparent the impact of the transducer size and location on the quality of the damage detection. The results further indicate a significant influence of temperature on the measured spectra. However, applying the temperature compensation algorithm can reduce the temperature effect at the same time increasing the transducer sensitivity within its measuring area. The paper concludes with a discussion about the trade-off between the sensing area, where damage should be detected, and the temperature range, in which damage within this area can reliably be detected.

FEM Free Damage Detection of Beam Structures Using the Deflections Estimated by Modal Flexibility Matrix

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150128
Author(s):  
Wen-Yu He ◽  
Wei-Xin Ren ◽  
Lei Cao ◽  
Quan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Beam Structures ◽  
Flexibility Matrix ◽  
Damage Quantification ◽  
Modal Flexibility ◽  
The Cost

The deflection of the beam estimated from modal flexibility matrix (MFM) indirectly is used in structural damage detection due to the fact that deflection is less sensitive to experimental noise than the element in MFM. However, the requirement for mass-normalized mode shapes (MMSs) with a high spatial resolution and the difficulty in damage quantification restricts the practicability of MFM-based deflection damage detection. A damage detection method using the deflections estimated from MFM is proposed for beam structures. The MMSs of beams are identified by using a parked vehicle. The MFM is then formulated to estimate the positive-bending-inspection-load (PBIL) caused deflection. The change of deflection curvature (CDC) is defined as a damage index to localize damage. The relationship between the damage severity and the deflection curvatures is further investigated and a damage quantification approach is proposed accordingly. Numerical and experimental examples indicated that the presented approach can detect damages with adequate accuracy at the cost of limited number of sensors. No finite element model (FEM) is required during the whole detection process.

scholarly journals Damage Detection in Fiber-Reinforced Foamed Urethane Composite Railway Bearers Using Acoustic Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasakorn Sengsri ◽  
Chayut Ngamkhanong ◽  
Andre Luis Oliveira de Melo ◽  
Mayorkinos Papaelias ◽  
Sakdirat Kaewunruen
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Railway Industry

To a certain degree, composite railway sleepers and bearers have been recently employed as a replacement for conventional timber sleepers. Importantly, attributed to the rise in traffic demand, structural health monitoring of track structural members is essential to improve the maintenance regime and reduce risks imposed by any structural damage. A potential modern technique for detecting damage in railway components by using energy waves is called acoustic emission (AE). This technique has been widely used for concrete structures in other engineering applications, but the application for composites is relatively limited. Recently, fiber-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU) composites have been utilized as railway sleepers and bearers for applications in the railway industry. Neither does a design standard exist, nor have the inspection and monitoring criteria been properly established. In this study, three-point bending tests were performed together with using the AE method to detect crack growth in FFU composite beams. The ultimate state behaviors are considered to obtain the failure modes. This paper is thus the world’s first to focus on damage detection approaches for FFU composite beams using AE technology, additionally identifying the load-deflection curves of the beams. According to the experimental results, it is apparent that the failure modes of FFU composite beams are likely to be in brittle modes. Through finite element method, the results were in good agreement with less than 0.14% discrepancy between the experimental and numerical data. The attractive insights into an alternative technique for damage assessment of the composite components will help railway engineers to establish structural monitoring guidelines for railway composite sleepers and bearers.

Bridge Damage Detection Using Quasi-Static Component of Moving Vehicle-Induced Dynamic Response

2020 ◽  
pp. 2042001
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Chen ◽  
Yigui Zhou ◽  
Wen-Yu He ◽  
Mengqi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Critical Signal ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Static Component ◽  
Bridge Damage

The critical signal component extracted from the bridge response caused by a moving vehicle is normally used to construct damage index for damage detection. The dynamic response of bridges subjected to moving vehicle includes several components, among which the quasi-static component reflects the inherent characteristics of the bridge. In view of this, this paper presents a bridge damage detection method based on quasi-static component of the moving vehicle-induced dynamic response. First, damage-induced changes of the natural-frequency component, moving-frequency component and quasi-static component responses are investigated via a simply-supported beam bridge. The quasi-static component response is proved to be less sensitive to the moving velocity of the load and more suitable for damage detection. Subsequently, a quasi-static component response extraction method is proposed based on analytical mode decomposition (AMD) and moving average filter (MAF). The extracted quasi-static component response is further employed to localize and quantify damages. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to examine the feasibility, accuracy and advantages of the proposed damage detection method. The results indicated that the proposed method performs well in different damage scenarios and is insensitive to the moving velocity of the load and road roughness.

scholarly journals A Variable Data Fusion Approach for Electromechanical Impedance-Based Damage Detection

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4204
Author(s):  
Shishir Kumar Singh ◽  
Rohan Soman ◽  
Tomasz Wandowski ◽  
Pawel Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Data Fusion ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Root Mean Square Deviation ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mean Square Deviation ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Fusion Approach

There is continuing research in the area of structural health monitoring (SHM) as it may allow a reduction in maintenance costs as well as lifetime extension. The search for a low-cost health monitoring system that is able to detect small levels of damage is still on-going. The present study is one more step in this direction. This paper describes a data fusion technique by combining the information for robust damage detection using the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method. The EMI method is commonly used for damage detection due to its sensitivity to low levels of damage. In this paper, the information of resistance (R) and conductance (G) is studied in a selected frequency band and a novel data fusion approach is proposed. A novel fused parameter (F) is developed by combining the information from G and R. The difference in the new metric under different damage conditions is then quantified using established indices such as the root mean square deviation (RMSD) index, mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD), and root mean square deviation using k-th state as the reference (RMSDk). The paper presents an application of the new metric for detection of damage in three structures, namely, a thin aluminum (Al) plate with increasing damage severity (simulated with a drilled hole of increasing size), a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite beam with increasing delamination and another GFRP plate with impact-induced damage scenarios. Based on the experimental results, it is apparent that the variable F increases the robustness of the damage detection as compared to the quantities R and G.

Study on Damage Location of Spatial Structures Based on Wavelet Analysis of Model Strain Energy

2013 ◽  
Vol 639-640 ◽  
pp. 1033-1037
Author(s):  
Yong Mei Li ◽  
Bing Zhou ◽  
Guo Fu Sun ◽  
Bo Yan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Structural Damage Detection ◽  
Modal Strain Energy ◽  
Wavelet Method ◽  
Long Span

The research to identify and locate the damage to the engineering structure mainly aimed at some simple structure forms before, such as beam and framework. Damage shows changes of local characteristics of the signal, while wavelet analysis can reflect local damage traits of the signal in time domain and frequency domain. For confirming the validity and applicability of structural damage identification methods, wavelet analysis is used to spatial structural damage detection. The wavelet analysis technique provides new ideas and methods of spatial steel structural damage detection. Based on the theory of wavelet singularity detection，with the injury signal of modal strain energy as structural damage index，the mixing of the modal strain energy and wavelet method to identify and locate the damage to the spatial structure is considered. The multiplicity of the bars and nodes can be taken into account, and take the destructive and nondestructive modal strain energy of Kiewitt-type reticulated shell with 40m span as an example of numerical simulation，the original damage signal and the damage signal after wavelet transformation is compared. The location of the declining stiffness identified by the maximum of wavelet coefficients，analyzed as signal by db1 wavelet，and calculate the graph relation between coefficients of the wavelets and the damage to the structure by discrete or continuous wavelet transform, and also check the accuracy degree of this method with every damage case. Finally，the conclusion is drawn that the modal strain energy and wavelet method to identify and locate the damage to the long span reticulated shell is practical, effective and accurate, that the present method as a reliable and practical way can be adopted to detect the single and several locations of damage in structures.

scholarly journals Structural Damage Diagnosis-Oriented Impulse Response Function Estimation under Seismic Excitations

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5413
Author(s):  
Jian-Fu Lin ◽  
Junfang Wang ◽  
Li-Xin Wang ◽  
Siu-seong Law
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Function Estimation ◽  
Seismic Excitations ◽  
Transformation Matrices

Impulse response function (IRF) is an ideal structural damage index for the identification of structural damage associated with changes in modal properties. However, IRFs from multiple excitations applied at different degrees-of-freedoms jointly contribute to the dynamic response, and their estimation is often underdetermined. Although some efforts have been devoted to the estimation of IRF for a structure under single excitation, the case under multiple excitations has not been fully investigated yet. The estimation of IRF under multiple excitations is generally an ill-conditioned inverse problem such that an incorrect or non-feasible solution is common, preventing its application to damage detection. This work explores this problem by introducing dimensionality reduction transformation matrices relating two sets of IRFs of a structure with discussions on the performance of the non-unique transformation matrices. Then, the extraction of IRF via wavelet-based and Tikhonov regularization-based methods are compared. Finally, a numerical study with a truss structure is conducted to validate the estimation of the IRFs and to demonstrate their applicability for damage detection under seismic excitations. Both the damage locations and severity are accurately identified, indicating the proposed methodology can enable the IRFs estimation under multiple excitations for successful damage detection.

Flexibility-Based Objective Functions for Constrained Optimization Problems on Structural Damage Detection

2011 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Ling Yu
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Constrained Optimization ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Structural Damage Detection ◽  
Constrained Optimization Problems ◽  
Modal Assurance Criterion ◽  
Damage Scenarios

Based on concepts of structural modal flexibility and modal assurance criterion (MAC), a new objective function is defined and studied for constrained optimization problems (COP) on structural damage detection (SDD) in this paper. Compared with traditionally objective function, which is defined based on natural frequencies and MAC, effect of objective functions on robustness of SDD calculation is evaluated through numerical simulation of a 2-storey rigid frame. Structural damages are identified by solving the COP on SDD based on an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm. Weak and multiple damage scenarios are mainly considered in various noise conditions. Some illustrated results show that the newly defined objective function is better than the traditional ones. It can be used to identify the damage locations but also to quantify the severity of weak and multiple damages in measurement noise conditions.

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