scholarly journals Exploration of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Plant Gas Exchange Parameters as Indicators of Drought Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Dąbrowski ◽  
Aneta H. Baczewska-Dąbrowska ◽  
Hazem M. Kalaji ◽  
Vasilij Goltsev ◽  
Momchil Paunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plant Gas Exchange

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) belongs to the common cultivated grass species in Central and Western Europe. Despite being considered to be susceptible to drought, it is frequently used for forming the turf in urban green areas. In such areas, the water deficit in soil is recognized as one of the most important environmental factors, which can limit plant growth. The basic aim of this work was to explore the mechanisms standing behind the changes in the photosynthetic apparatus performance of two perennial ryegrass turf varieties grown under drought stress using comprehensive in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence signal analyses and plant gas exchange measurements. Drought was applied after eight weeks of sowing by controlling the humidity of the roots ground medium at the levels of 30, 50, and 70% of the field water capacity. Measurements were carried out at four times: 0, 120, and 240 h after drought application and after recovery (refilling water to 70%). We found that the difference between the two tested varieties’ response resulted from a particular re-reduction of P700+ (reaction certer of PSI) that was caused by slower electron donation from P680. The difference in the rate of electron flow from Photosystem II (PSII) to PSI was also detected. The application of the combined tools (plants’ photosynthetic efficiency analysis and plant gas exchange measurements) allowed exploring and explaining the specific variety response to drought stress.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) Extract and its Effects on Botrytis tulipae (Lib.) Lind Fungus and the Tulip

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel PARVU ◽  
Laurian VLASE ◽  
Laszlo FODORPATAKI ◽  
Ovidiu PARVU ◽  
Oana ROSCA-CASIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Nutritive Medium ◽  
Exchange Parameters

In this study, the content of chelidonine and berberine alkaloids, and sterols and phenols in the Chelidonium majus plant extract were analyzed. Subsequently, the effects of the extract on the germination and growth of Botrytis tulipae fungus on nutritive medium were compared to the effects of fluconazole. The plant extract was used at the minimum inhibitory concentration on B. tulipae developed in tulip leaves and the in vivo effects were investigated. The influence of different concentrations of C. majus extract on the physiological processes of the tulip (gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic light use efficiency, and induced chlorophyll fluorescence) were also tested to assess the applicability of the extract for the protection of ornamental plants against fungal infection. Our results demonstrated that 2% celandine extract does not significantly change the gas exchange parameters (transpiration rate, carbon dioxide uptake, and stomatal conductivity) of leaves exposed for 2 h, and does not interfere with the photochemical processes in the leaves. However, in higher concentrations, it increases the transpiration rate and net carbon dioxide influx. At concentrations of 15% and 20%, the extract lowers the potential quantum yield efficiency of photosystem II and the vitality index of the photosynthetic apparatus. Therefore we recommend the use of lower concentrations (≤6%) of celandine extract for the biological protection of tulips against gray mold.

scholarly journals Drought stress delays photosynthetic induction and accelerates photoinhibition of photosystem I under fluctuating light

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Sun ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
Ning-Yu Liu ◽  
Shi-Bao Zhang ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
High Light ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Photosynthetic Induction ◽  
Fluctuating Light

Fluctuating light (FL) and drought stress usually occur concomitantly. However, whether drought stress affects photosynthetic performance under FL remains unknown. Here, we measured gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and P700 redox state under FL in drought-stressed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Drought stress significantly affected stomatal opening and mesophyll conductance after transition from low to high light and thus delayed photosynthetic induction under FL. Therefore, drought stress exacerbated the loss of carbon gain under FL. Furthermore, restriction of CO2 fixation under drought stress aggravated the over-reduction of photosystem I (PSI) upon transition from low to high light. The resulting stronger FL-induced PSI photoinhibition significantly supressed linear electron flow and PSI photoprotection. These results indicated that drought stress not only affected gas exchange under FL but also accelerated FL-induced photoinhibition of PSI. Furthermore, drought stress enhanced relative cyclic electron flow in FL, which partially compensated for restricted CO2 fixation and thus favored PSI photoprotection under FL. Therefore, drought stress has large effects on photosynthetic dark and light reactions under FL.

scholarly journals Drought stress delays photosynthetic induction and accelerates photoinhibition of photosystem I under fluctuating light

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Sun ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
Ning-Yu Liu ◽  
Shi-Bao Zhang ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
High Light ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Photosynthetic Induction ◽  
Fluctuating Light

Fluctuating light (FL) and drought stress usually occur concomitantly. However, whether drought stress affects photosynthetic performance under FL remains unknown. Here, we measured gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and P700 redox state under FL in drought-stressed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Drought stress significantly affected stomatal opening and mesophyll conductance after transition from low to high light and thus delayed photosynthetic induction under FL. Therefore, drought stress exacerbated the loss of carbon gain under FL. Furthermore, restriction of CO2 fixation under drought stress aggravated the over-reduction of photosystem I (PSI) upon transition from low to high light. The resulting stronger FL-induced PSI photoinhibition significantly supressed linear electron flow and PSI photoprotection. These results indicated that drought stress not only affected gas exchange under FL but also accelerated FL-induced photoinhibition of PSI. Furthermore, drought stress enhanced relative cyclic electron flow in FL, which partially compensated for restricted CO2 fixation and thus favored PSI photoprotection under FL. Therefore, drought stress has large effects on photosynthetic dark and light reactions under FL.

scholarly journals Physiological and Morphometric Response of Forage Grass Species and Their Biomass Distribution Depending on the Term and Frequency of Water Deficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2471
Author(s):  
Grażyna Mastalerczuk ◽  
Barbara Borawska-Jarmułowicz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Drought Period

Periodic and repeated water scarcity has become an increasing concern on grasslands, causing not only to a reduction in productivity but also negative alterations in the carbon balance. The objective of this work was to comprehensively investigate some physiological performance traits of forage grasses, their roots morphometric features and distribution of biomass under simulated water deficit applied in different terms over a period of study. Plants were exposed to water shortage for 21 days, and then grown in optimal substrate moisture conditions. The gas exchange parameters and the main traits of root system architecture of three grass forage species and their cultivars were analyzed: Festulolium braunii (Richt.) A. Camus, cvs. Felopa and Sulino, Lolium perenne L., cvs. Bajka and Gagat and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cvs. Odys and Rahela. Rapid decrease in the values of parameters related to the gas exchange process in grasses in the following days of water shortage was noticed. Water use efficiency (WUE) value was low in drought conditions due to increased transpiration of plants and was associated with a low C:N ratio in shoots. No obvious, positive effect of previously experienced drought stress on survival of tested grass species after another stress was observed. Cutting of plants after drought period most probably underlied the lack of memory and also additional factor weakened plant regrowth. When the drought was applied for the second time in spring during intensive plant growth, higher biomass allocation to the roots was observed. It was associated with the reduction of plant dry biomass, a decrease of carbon accumulation and the C:N ratio in the shoots. Due to the drought applied for the second time in summer, some biometric features of the roots were strongly and positively correlated with WUE, which is an important feature from the point of view of yield optimization and moisture use by plants.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Drought Stress Damage by Exogenous Application of a Non-Protein Amino Acid γ– Aminobutyric Acid on Perennial Ryegrass

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanalkumar Krishnan ◽  
Kevin Laskowski ◽  
Vijaya Shukla ◽  
Emily B. Merewitz
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Stress Damage

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is an important forage and turfgrass species that is sensitive to drought stress. The objective of this study was to investigate whether gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) may play a role in promoting drought tolerance in grass species. GABA was exogenously applied as a foliar spray at the rate of 50 or 70 mm to perennial ryegrass ‘CSI’ under well-watered or drought-stressed conditions in a controlled-environment growth chamber. The effect of GABA on the growth physiology, drought stress response, antioxidant activity, and lipid peroxidation of perennial ryegrass exposed to drought stress was measured. GABA-treated perennial ryegrass exposed to drought stress had higher relative water content (RWC), turf quality, and peroxidase activity and lower wilt rating, canopy temperature depression, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation compared with untreated plants. GABA application had no significant effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase under well-watered and drought conditions. GABA application at 50 mm was found to be more effective in alleviating drought stress damage in perennial ryegrass. The results from this study suggest that GABA mitigated drought stress damage in perennial ryegrass by maintaining higher RWC and membrane stability.

scholarly journals Leaf responses to drought stress in Mediterranean accessions ofSolanum lycopersicum: anatomical adaptations in relation to gas exchange parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
JERONI GALMÉS ◽  
JOAN MANUEL OCHOGAVÍA ◽  
JORGE GAGO ◽  
EMILIO JOSÉ ROLDÁN ◽  
JOSEP CIFRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Anatomical Adaptations ◽  
Exchange Parameters
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