scholarly journals High-Density 3D Printable Chipless RFID Tag with Structure of Passive Slot Rings

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Ma ◽  
Yanfeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Density ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Rectangular Slot ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Electric Field Direction

A three-dimensional (3D) printable chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, with high density and sensitivity, is proposed and fulfilled on insulator substrates. By printing a rectangular slot ring and designing specific geometry on the substrate, the printed structure shows high sensitivity in a resonant manner, with the benefits of high density and low cost. Considering the multiple rectangular rings with different sizes in a concentric distribution, a bit coding sequence can be observed in frequency spectra because of the corresponding different resonant frequencies aroused by the printed slots. In this way, the 3D printable chipless RFID tag can be fulfilled by adopting the structure of the rectangular slot ring on the insulated substrates. The main characteristics of the designed rectangular slot rings are verified on both flexible and solid substrates. A 12-bit chipless tag based on the slot ring structures is designed and implemented. The simulation and experiment results show good agreement on its characteristics. The frequency response reveals the fact that the 2th, 3th and 4th harmonic do not exist, which is a unique merit for improving the encoding capacity and the sensitivity of the corresponding reader. The electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave of the reader excitation tag is demonstrated to be wide, up to 90° on the tag horizontal plane, 30° on the vertical direction.

scholarly journals On the application of the EM-imaging for chipless RFID tags

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zomorrodi ◽  
N.C. Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
Bending Effect ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Cost Item

The electromagnetic (EM) imaging technique at mm-band 60 GHz is proposed for data encoding purpose in the chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems. The fully printable chipless RFID tag comprises tiny conductive EM polarizers to create high cross-polar radar cross-section. Synthetic aperture radar approach is applied for formation of the tag's EM-image and revealing the tag's content. The achieved high data encoding capacity of 2 bits/cm2in this technique based on a fully printable tag is very convincing for many applications. The system immunity to multipath interference, bending effect, and printing inaccuracy suggests huge potentials for low-cost item tagging. Tags are also readable through a tick paper envelop; hence secure identification is provided by the proposed technique.

scholarly journals Miniaturized Chipless RFID Tags Based on Periodically Loaded Microstrip Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4679-4684
Author(s):  
M. Added ◽  
K. Rabaani ◽  
S. Chabaan ◽  
N. Boulejfen
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resonant Circuit ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Coding Capacity ◽  
Microstrip Structure

A compact chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag-based on slow-wave technology is introduced in this paper. The tag consists of a resonant circuit based on open stub resonators periodically loaded by shunt stubs allowing a coding capacity of 9 bits and operating in a frequency range from 2 to 4GHz. The receiving and transmitting antennas of the tag are particularly designed to minimize the tag size as much as possible. The proposed tag presents a robust bit pattern with a compact and fully printable structure using FR4 substrate for a low-cost tag.

scholarly journals High space efficiency compact chipless RFID tag with equidistance resonances

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Kholoud Ammar ◽  
Amr Hussein ◽  
Mahmoud Attia
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Space Efficiency ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
High Space

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology provides non line-of-sight communication between the reader and the tag. This technology is widely used for various applications such as item tracking, security, access control, health care, short and long-range applications. RFID can be used as low cost data identification technology using radio waves between the RFID transmitter and the RFID receiver. Many attempts are introduced to implement the chipless RFID tags but they suffer from non-equal spacing between resonances which makes it difficult to make the decision. In this paper, compact low cost spectral signature based chipless 8-bits RFID tag is introduced. Multi dual-band resonating circuits with different resonances are used. The operation bandwidth is limited by the second resonance of the resonator. To avoid the presence of harmonics in the operating frequency range, multiple resonators with different shapes are introduced. The proposed tag instead of encoding only one data bit it encodes two data bits providing higher bits/resonator. The proposed tag provides equidistance between resonance frequencies. The tag is implemented on FR4 substrate of dielectric constant =4.4, thickness h=1.6mm and loss tangent δ=0.0018. The scattering parameters  of the fabricated tags are measured using the vector network analyzer (ROHDE&SCHWARZ ZVB 20). The designs of the tags are made using the software package CST MICROWAVE STUDIO.

scholarly journals Frequency-Spectra-Based High Coding Capacity Chipless RFID Using an UWB-IR Approach

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2525
Author(s):  
Kawther Mekki ◽  
Omrane Necibi ◽  
Hugo Dinis ◽  
Paulo Mendes ◽  
Ali Gharsallah
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Antenna Mode ◽  
Structural Mode

A novel methodology is proposed to reliably predict the resonant characteristics of a multipatch backscatter-based radio frequency identification (RFID) chipless tag. An ultra-wideband impulsion radio (UWB-IR)-based reader interrogates the chipless tag with a UWB pulse, and analyzes the obtained backscatter in the time domain. The RFID system consists of a radar cross-section (RCS)-based chipless tag containing a square microstrip patch antenna array in which the chipless tag is interrogated with a UWB pulse by an UWB-IR-based reader. The main components of the backscattered signal, the structural mode, and the antenna mode were identified and their spectral quality was evaluated. The study revealed that the antenna-mode backscatter includes signal carrying information, while the structural mode backscatter does not include any tag information. The simulation findings were confirmed by experimental measurements obtained in an anechoic chamber environment using a 6-bit multipatch chipless RFID tag. Finally, the novel technique does not use calibration tags and can freely orient tags with respect to the reader.

A low-profile FSS-based high capacity chipless RFID tag for sensing and encoding applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shahid Habib ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Ghaffer Iqbal Kiani ◽  
Wagma Ayub ◽  
Syed Muzahir Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Frequency Selective Surface ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract This paper presents a polarization-independent 11-bit chipless RFID tag based on frequency-selective surface which has been designed for encoding and relative humidity (RH) sensing applications. The 10 exterior U-shaped resonators are used for item encoding whereas Kapton has been incorporated with the interior resonator for RH sensing. This radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag operates in S- and C-frequency bands. The proposed design offers enhanced fractional bandwidth up to 88% with the density of 4.46 bits/cm2. Both single- and dual-layer tags have been investigated. The simulated results are in good agreement with measured results and a comparison with existing literature is presented to show the performance. Simple geometry, high code density, large frequency signature bandwidth, high magnitude bit, high radar cross-section, and angular stability for more than 75° are the unique outcomes of the proposed design. In addition, RH sensing has been achieved by integrating the Kapton on the same RFID tag.

Design and characterization of novel fabric-based multi-resonators for wearable chipless RFID applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752198978
Author(s):  
Huating Tu ◽  
Yaya Zhang ◽  
Hong Hong ◽  
Jiyong Hu ◽  
Xin Ding
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Screen Printed

Nowadays, the chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is attracting significant attention owing to its immense potential in tracking. However, most of the chipless tags are fabricated on hard printed circuit boards, and the wearable fabric-based chipless tag is still in the research stage. In this paper, a symmetrical 3rd L-shaped multi-resonator wearable chipless RFID tag is designed and screen-printed onto fabric. In order to investigate the influence of the non-uniform conductive layer on the signal transmission at high frequency, the surface and cross-sectional topographies of the printed conductive film are analyzed and the frequency response characteristics are simulated and measured. The obtained results show that the common fabric can be used as the substrate to screen print the L-shaped multi-resonators of the chipless RFID tag, and the quality of the screen printed line, especially a narrow line, significantly affects the radio frequency performance. For the screen-printed 3rd L-shaped stub resonators, the relative frequency shift compared with the simulation results are 0.99%, 0.88% and 2.26%, respectively. Generally, the surface morphology of fabric and screen-printed precision are critical in improving the performance of L-shaped multi-resonators.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Chipless RFID Tags: Fabrication through Additive Manufacturing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4740
Author(s):  
Sergio Terranova ◽  
Filippo Costa ◽  
Giuliano Manara ◽  
Simone Genovesi
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Promising Solution

A new class of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags, namely the three-dimensional (3D)-printed chipless RFID one, is proposed, and their performance is assessed. These tags can be realized by low-cost materials, inexpensive manufacturing processes and can be mounted on metallic surfaces. The tag consists of a solid dielectric cylinder, which externally appears as homogeneous. However, the information is hidden in the inner structure of the object, where voids are created to encrypt information in the object. The proposed chipless tag represents a promising solution for anti-counterfeiting or security applications, since it avoids an unwanted eavesdropping during the reading process or information retrieval from a visual inspection that may affect other chipless systems. The adopted data-encoding algorithm does not rely on On–Off or amplitude schemes that are commonly adopted in the chipless RFID implementations but it is based on the maximization of available states or the maximization of non-overlapping regions of uncertainty. The performance of such class of chipless RFID tags are finally assessed by measurements on real prototypes.

Investigation on the chipless RFID tag with a UWB pulse using a UWB IR-based reader

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kawther Mekki ◽  
Omrane Necibi ◽  
Hugo Dinis ◽  
Paulo Mendes ◽  
Ali Gharsallah
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Triangular Patch ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Reader Antenna ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Working Principle

Abstract In order to encrypt/encode data based on the magnitude level of the radar cross-section (RCS), we propose an approach with a precise estimation considering the resonant characteristics of a multipatch backscatter-based chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) dedicated for chipless tags depolarization. The working principle is based on the polarization mismatch between the tag and the reader antenna to control the magnitude of the backscatter, which allows a reliable detection in real environments. We introduce in this paper a new 4-bit chipless RFID tag with an enhanced RCS, based on a triangular patch antenna with multiple resonators. Additionally, we propose an ultra-wideband impulse radar (UWB-IR)-based reader that interrogates the chipless tag with a UWB pulse, and the received backscatter was studied in both time- and frequency-domains. The antenna was operating from 4.7 to 6.1 GHz, a band allocated for RFID systems. The obtained experimental measurement results in the environment of anechoic chamber were exceptionally relevant to validate the simulation results.

Low-Cost Multiple-Bit Encoded Chipless RFID Tag Using Stepped Impedance Resonator

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 4762-4770 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Nijas ◽  
U. Deepak ◽  
P. V. Vinesh ◽  
R. Sujith ◽  
S. Mridula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Stepped Impedance Resonator

scholarly journals Physical Layer Detection and Security of Printed Chipless RFID Tag for Internet of Things Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grishma Khadka ◽  
Biplob Ray ◽  
Jinho Choi ◽  
Nemai Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Sight Reading ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Physical Attributes

<div>This paper has proposed detection and physical layer security provision for printed sensory tag systems for internet of things (IoT) applications. The printed sensory tags can be a very cost-effective way to speed up the proliferation of the intelligent world of IoT. The printed Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) of a sensory tag is chipless with the fully printable feature, non-line-of-sight reading, low cost, and robustness to the environment. The detection and adoption of security features for such tags in a robust environment are still challenging. This paper initially presents a robust technology for detecting tags using both the amplitude and phase information of the frequency signature. After successfully identifying tag IDs, the paper presents novel physical layer security using a deep learning model to prevent the cloning of tags. Our experiment shows that the proposed system can detect and identify the unique physical attributes of the tag and isolate the clone tag from the genuine tag. It is believed that such real-time and precise detection and security features bring this technology closer to commercialisation for IoT applications.</div>

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