scholarly journals Full-Duplex MAC Protocol for CSMA/CA-Based Single-Hop Wireless Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Song ◽  
Wangdong Qi ◽  
Weiwei Zhao ◽  
Wenchi Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Transmission Probability ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Half Duplex ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One

Full-duplex (FD) communication provides new opportunities for improving the throughputs of networks. However, this condition means that the number of senders increases from one to two within a certain range. We have to arrange the two nodes to send frames simultaneously in the media access control (MAC) layer. For the single-hop network model, using the FD features of the nodes and the cut-through mechanism, we propose an FD MAC protocol. The protocol improves the throughput of the network from the following two aspects. On the one hand, during the transmission of each node, based on the information of the received frame’s header, the protocol can detect collisions in the network, preventing the channel from being ineffectively occupied for a long time. On the other hand, the protocol can provide the FD with as many opportunities as possible for the nodes. According to the working process of the protocol, we modeled the states (“active” and “passive” transmission, back-off) of each node and their transitions to a Markov chain. We solved the “active” transmission probability of the node and further modeled the analytical performance of the protocol. The simulation results showed that the system throughput produced by our protocol was at least twice that of the conventional CSMA/CA protocol used in the half-duplex networks.

scholarly journals Fairness Oriented Neighbor-Channel-Aware MAC Protocol for Airborne Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Gao ◽  
Jian Yan ◽  
Jianhua Lu
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
The Media ◽  
Inter Frame

In airborne sensor networks (ASNs), the media access control (MAC) protocol is facing with serious unfairness problem due to the traditional protection mechanism of air-to-air communications among aircrafts. Actually by using the binary exponential back-off algorithm at high traffic loads to minimize collisions among users, the latest successful node can always benefit from this kind of MAC to obtain channel resources. Moreover, when taking the existence of the hidden nodes in ASNs into account, the inaccurate traffic load information will further aggravate the system’s unfairness. In this paper, a neighbor-channel-aware (NCA) protocol is proposed to improve the fairness of MAC protocol in ASNs. In the proposal, the NCA frame is firstly added and exchanged between neighbor nodes periodically, which helps to resolve the inaccurate traffic load information, so as to avoid reducing the probability of successful message transmission. Then a traffic-loading based back-off algorithm is involved to make the neighbor nodes cooperatively adjust the inter-frame space (IFS) interval to further reduce the unfairness. The simulation results show that, the proposed MAC protocol can guarantee the satisfied fairness, simultaneously avoiding heavy network overloads to protect key messages’ successful transmissions in ASNs.

scholarly journals A QoS Based Adaptive Backoff Scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianjiao Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
The Media ◽  
Hoc Networks

The media access control (MAC) protocol is a key element in the design of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) that directly affects the network performance. The backoff schemes of existing MAC protocols apply the single backoff process and therefore are not suitable for multi-class data transmission. Additionally, they cannot satisfy the delay requirements of emergency data in the case of varying number of vehicles, causing an adverse effect to the intelligent transportation system (ITS). This paper presents a priority-based adaptive backoff scheme that can enhance the binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm as well as the polynomial backoff (QB) algorithm. This system distinguishes priority data with different delay requirements first and designs different backoff schemes for each type of data later. The two-dimensional Markov Chain is used to analyze the backoff scheme and determine the expressions for throughput and delay. The simulation results show that the backoff scheme provided by this paper can reduce the average data delay and regulate each kind of data delay adaptively, according to the varying number of vehicles and different delay requirements.

scholarly journals A Novel QoS-Aware A-MPDU Aggregation Scheduler for Unsaturated IEEE802.11n/ac WLANs

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Lu ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Tianchun Ye
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Delay Model ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
The Media ◽  
Qos Performance ◽  
The Impact

Improving the quality of service (QoS) performance to support existing and upcoming real-time applications is critical for IEEE 802.11n/ac devices. The mechanisms of the media access control (MAC) layer, including the aggregate MAC protocol data unit (A-MPDU) aggregation, greatly affect the QoS performance in wireless local area networks (WLANs). To investigate the impact of the aggregation level on the QoS performance for real-time multimedia applications, a novel end-to-end delay model for the unsaturated settings is proposed in this paper. The presented model considers the gathering procedure of packets, queuing behaviors, and transmissions using the RTS/CTS (request to send/clear to send) mechanism on error-prone channels. Based on the model, a novel QoS-aware A-MPDU aggregation scheduler for IEEE802.11n/ac WLANs was shown to obtain better QoS performance with lower latency and less packet loss, a larger capacity to hold higher data rates, and more working nodes. The validation of the proposed model and the promotion of the proposed scheduler are well benchmarked by ns-3.

scholarly journals A Full-Duplex MAC Tailored for 5G Wireless Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Lucas de Melo Guimarães ◽  
Jacir Luiz Bordim
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
High Data ◽  
Total Transmission ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Half Duplex ◽  
5G Network ◽  
5G Mobile Networks

The increasing demands for high-data rate traffic stimulated the development of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. The envisioned 5G network is expected to meet its challenge by devising means to further improve spectrum usage. Many alternatives to enhance spectrum usage are being researched, such as massive MIMO, operation in mmWave frequency, cognitive radio, and the employment of full-duplex antennas. Efficient utilization of the potential of any of these technologies faces a set of challenges related to medium access control (MAC) schemes. This work focuses on MAC schemes tailored for full-duplex antennas, since they are expected to play a major role in the foreseeable 5G networks. In this context, this paper presents a MAC layer technique to improve total transmission time when full-duplex antennas are employed. Several evaluations in different scenarios are conducted to assess the proposed MAC scheme. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme provides gains up to 156% when compared to a state-of-the-art full-duplex antenna MAC protocol. Compared to traditional half-duplex antenna MAC protocols, the proposed scheme yields gain up to 412%.

scholarly journals Virus Propagation in Wireless Sensor Networks with Media Access Control Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lurong Jiang ◽  
Qiaoyu Xu ◽  
Hangyi Pan ◽  
Yanyun Dai ◽  
Jijun Tong
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
The Media

In wireless sensor networks, network security against virus propagation is one of the challenges with the applications. In severe cases, the network system may become paralyzed. In order to study the process of virus propagation in wireless sensor networks with the media access control mechanism, this paper uses the susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) model to analyze the spreading process. It provides a theoretical basis for the development of virus immune mechanisms to solve network virus attack hidden dangers. The research shows that the media access control (MAC) mechanism in the wireless sensor network can inhibit the process of virus propagation, reduce the network virus propagating speed, and decrease the scale of infected nodes. The listen/sleep duty cycle of this mechanism will affect the suppression effect of virus propagation. The smaller the listen/sleep duty cycle, the stronger the suppression effect. Energy consumption has a peak value under specific infection probability. Meanwhile, it is also found that the spreading scale of the virus in wireless sensor networks can be effectively inhibited by the MAC mechanism.

An Adaptive TDMA Slot Assignment Algorithm for Scalable Wireless Mesh Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 872-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gu Jia ◽  
Yu Wen Wang ◽  
Fan Ji Meng ◽  
Guo Hua Ye ◽  
Guo Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Slot Allocation ◽  
Wireless Mesh

The media access control (MAC) protocol based on fixed slot allocation has low throughput and high delay in high load wireless mesh network. In order to improve the performance of wireless mesh network, we propose a scalable adaptive time division multiple access (TDMA) slot allocation algorithm based on the existing fixed TDMA. The algorithm uses the network structure of clustering and builds a more optimized frame structure, cluster head dynamically allocates time slot according to the packet number of the cluster member sent and the priority level, at the same time taking into account the situation of nodes joining and leaving to improve the scalability of the network The simulation results on OPNET network simulation platform show that the algorithm is superior to fixed TDMA algorithm in both throughput and delay.

scholarly journals Success Probability Characterization of Long-Range in Low-Power Wide Area Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Kang Kim ◽  
Seung-Yeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Success Probability ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access

In low-power wide area networks (LPWAN), a considerable number of end devices (EDs) communicate with the gateway in a certain area, whereas for transmitted data, a low data rate and high latency are allowed. Long-range (LoRa), as one of the LPWAN technologies, considers pure ALOHA and chirp spread spectrum (CSS) in the media access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers such that it can improve the energy efficiency while mitigating inter-cell interference (ICI). This paper investigates the system throughput of LoRa networks under the assumption that the interferences between EDs for exclusive regions are ignored using CSS. In order to establish an analytical model for the performance of LoRa, we introduce the pure ALOHA capture model, which is the power threshold model. For this model, we assume that the interfering power is proportional to the length of the time overlapped. In addition, we discuss LoRa gain by comparing the total throughput of LoRa with that of non-CSS.

OFDMA-Based Asymmetric Full-Duplex Media Access Control for the Next Generation WLANs

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Jianjun Lei ◽  
Sipei Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xunwei Zhao ◽  
Ping Gai
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Media Access

scholarly journals Time Slot Utilization for Efficient Multi-Channel MAC Protocol in VANETs

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
VanDung Nguyen ◽  
Tran Anh Khoa ◽  
Thant Zin Oo ◽  
Nguyen H. Tran ◽  
Choong Seon Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Transmission Overhead

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), many schemes for a multi-channel media access control (MAC) protocol have been proposed to adapt to dynamically changing vehicle traffic conditions and deliver both safety and non-safety packets. One such scheme is to employ both time-division multiple access (TDMA) and carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) schemes (called a hybrid TDMA/CSMA scheme) in the control channel (CCH) interval. The scheme can adjust the length of the TDMA period depending on traffic conditions. In this paper, we propose a modified packet transmitted in the TDMA period to reduce transmission overhead under a hybrid TDMA/CSMA multi-channel MAC protocol. Simulation results show that a MAC protocol with a modified packet supports an efficient packet delivery ratio of control packets in the CCH. In addition, we analyze the hybrid TDMA/CSMA multi-channel MAC protocol with the modified packet under saturated throughput conditions on the service channels (SCHs). The analysis results show that the number of neighbors has little effect on the establishment of the number of time slots in TDMA periods and on SCHs under saturated throughput conditions.

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