scholarly journals Symmetry of Gait in Underweight, Normal and Overweight Children and Adolescents

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Cimolin ◽  
Nicola Cau ◽  
Alessandro Sartorio ◽  
Paolo Capodaglio ◽  
Manuela Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Gait Symmetry ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Gender

Abnormal excess or lack of body mass can influence gait patterns, but in some cases such differences are subtle and not easy to detect, even with quantitative techniques for movement analysis. In these situations, the study of trunk accelerations may represent an effective way to detecting gait anomalies in terms of symmetry through the calculation of Harmonic Ratio (HR), a parameter obtained by processing trunk accelerations in the frequency domain. In the present study we used this technique to assess the existence of differences in HR during gait in a cohort of 75 healthy children and early adolescents (aged 7–14 years) stratified into 3 equally-sized age and gender-matched groups (Underweight: UW; Normal Weight: NW; Overweight: OW). The accelerometric signal, acquired using a single wearable inertial sensor, was processed to calculate stride length, speed, cadence and HR in antero-posterior, vertical and medio-lateral directions. No differences in spatio-temporal parameters were found among groups, while the HR in the medio-lateral direction was found significantly lower in UW children, while OW exhibited the highest values. On the basis of the results obtained, HR appears capable of discriminating gait symmetry in children with different body mass even when conventional gait parameters are unchanged.

Measures of dynamic balance during level walking in healthy adult subjects: Relationship with age, anthropometry and spatio-temporal gait parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Lencioni ◽  
Ilaria Carpinella ◽  
Marco Rabuffetti ◽  
Davide Cattaneo ◽  
Maurizio Ferrarin
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The maintenance of balance in dynamic conditions (e.g. during walking) is a necessary requirement that motor control must reach to avoid falls. However, this is a challenging situation, since to ensure the forward progression of the body, the center of mass must stay outside the base of support in the sagittal plane, and simultaneously remain inside the lateral borders in the frontal plane. Deviation from normative data of healthy subjects in dynamic balance could be used to quantify gait stability, fall risk and to provide hints for rehabilitation. However, normative data can be influenced by age, sex, anthropometry and spatio-temporal gait parameters, and such differences among subjects and leg side can hamper accurate assessment. The aims of this study were to investigate, in a group of healthy subjects: (1) possible asymmetry in dynamic balance maintenance strategies between leg sides, (2) the influence of age, sex and anthropometry on stability and (3) its dependence by spatio-temporal gait parameters. A total of 34 healthy subjects aged between 21 and 71 years, and ranging from 50.1 to 101.6 kg of body mass and from 155.0 to 188.9 cm of height were assessed on spatio-temporal and dynamic balance parameters (Foot Placement Estimator at heel strike and Margin of Stability at mid-stance) during self-selected gait. No parameter showed differences between legs. Dynamic balance parameters were influenced by sex, age, body mass and height mainly in the frontal plane. These measures were also correlated with gait speed and stride length both in the antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions. In addition also cadence and step width influenced the stability in the sagittal and frontal planes, respectively. The findings of this study confirm the symmetry in motor control of dynamic balance during self-selected gait in healthy subjects. Sex, anthropometry and spatio-temporal gait parameters have a significant effect on stability parameters, and this should be taken into account in dynamic balance studies.

scholarly journals Assessment of body image in preschoolers: Perception of parents and children / Valoración de la imagen corporal en preescolares: Percepción de padres e hijos

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-220
Author(s):  
Rosalia Vazquez-Arevalo ◽  
Alberto Rodríguez Nabor ◽  
Xochitl López Aguilar ◽  
Juan Manuel Mancilla-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the body perception (BP) of preschoolers and compare it with the one reported by their parents. A total of 48 preschoolers participated (Mage = 5 years, SD = 0.5), 21 boys, 27 girls, and their parents (47 fathers and 48 mothers). The children were weighed and measured, also they answered the instrument Seven Figures of Collins (SFC) and seven questions about food, beauty and health. The parents answered the Body Image Questionnaire, the Stunkard Figures, as well as the SFCs to identify the real (RF) and ideal figure(IF) of their children. When children described themselves, they mostly referred the normal figure, coinciding with their parents. A very small proportion of preschoolers perceived themselves with obesity (around 29-30%); while any parent identified their children with obesity. 50% of preschoolers chose thinner silhouettes than their body mass index (BMI), but not emaciated. For RF, most parents chose normal weight for boys and light overweight for girls; for IF parents chose, for both sexes, the one with light overweight. In conclusion, the preschool BP disagreed between reality and perception, regardless of their BMI and gender. The parents also did not have an adequate BP for their children. Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la percepción corporal (PC) de preescolares y compararla con la que sus padres tienen de ellos. Participaron 48 preescolares (Medad = 5 años, DE = 0.5), 21 niños y 27 niñas, y sus padres (47 papás y 48 mamás). Los niños fueron pesados y medidos, contestaron el instrumento Siete Figuras de Collins (SFC) y, con relación a éste, siete preguntas sobre alimentación, belleza y salud. A los padres se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal, las Figuras de Stunkard, además de las SFC para que identificaran la figura real (FR) e ideal (FI) de sus hijos. Para describirse, los preescolares refirieron mayormente la figura normopeso, coincidiendo con sus padres. Fue mínima la proporción de preescolares que se percibieron con obesidad (presente en 29-30%); mientras que ningún padre la identificó en sus hijos. El 50% de los preescolares eligió siluetas más delgadas a su índice de masa corporal (IMC), pero no emaciadas. Como FR, la mayoría de los padres eligió la normopeso para los niños y con sobrepeso ligero para las niñas; como FI eligieron, para ambos sexos, aquélla con sobrepeso ligero. En conclusión, la PC del preescolar discrepó entre la real y la percibida, independientemente de su IMC y sexo. Los padres tampoco tuvieron una adecuada PC de sus hijos.

Evaluation of spatio-temporal gait parameters and gait symmetry in diabetic polyneuropathic patients with burn injury: A pilot study

Burns ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melek Merve Erdem ◽  
Gonul Koc ◽  
Kemal Kismet ◽  
Cınar Yasti ◽  
Semra Topuz
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Gait Symmetry ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Assessment of spatio-temporal gait parameters in the group of 9 years old healthy children

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381
Author(s):  
Daniel Szymczyk ◽  
◽  
Joanna Majewska ◽  
Magdalena Szczepanik ◽  
Katarzyna Bazarnik-Mucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Does obesity influence ventricular repolarisation in children?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nihan Yıldırım Yıldız ◽  
Tayfun Uçar ◽  
Mehmet G. Ramoğlu ◽  
Merih Berberoğlu ◽  
Zeynep Şıklar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Ventricular Repolarisation

Abstract Objective: Ventricular repolarisation changes may lead to sudden cardiac death in obese individuals. We aimed to investigate the relationship between ventricular repolarisation changes, echocardiographic parameters, anthropometric measures, and metabolic syndrome laboratory parameters in obese children. Methods: The study involved 81 obese and 82 normal-weight healthy children with a mean age of 12.3 ± 2.7 years. Anthropometric measurements of participants were evaluated according to nomograms. Obese patients were subdivided into two groups; metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome obese. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profile were measured. QT/QTc interval, QT/QTc dispersions were measured, and left ventricular systolic and diastolic measurements were performed. Results: Body weight, body mass index, relative body mass index, waist/hip circumference ratio, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in obese children. QT and QTc dispersions were significantly higher in obese children and also obese children with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher QT and QTc dispersions compared to non-metabolic syndrome obese children (p < 0.001) and normal-weight healthy children (p < 0.001). Waist/hip circumference ratio, body mass index, and relative body mass index were the most important determinant of QT and QTc dispersions. Left ventricular wall thickness (left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole, interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole) and left ventricular mass index were significantly higher and ejection fraction was lower in obese children. Left ventricular mass index and interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole were positively correlated with QT and QTc dispersions. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that QT/ QTc interval prolongation and increase in QT and QTc dispersion on electrocardiogram may be found at an early age in obese children.

scholarly journals Immediate effect of orthopedic shoe and functional foot orthosis on center of pressure displacement and gait parameters in juvenile flexible flat foot

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Aboutorabi ◽  
Hassan Saeedi ◽  
Mohammad Kamali ◽  
Behshid Farahmand ◽  
Arezoo Eshraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Gait Symmetry ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Walking Velocity ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Background:Flat foot in children is a common deformity in which the medial longitudinal arch is reduced or eliminated.Objectives:The objective of this article was to compare flat foot and healthy children on the displacement of the center of pressure and walking parameters in children with two common orthoses (functional foot orthosis and medical shoe).Study design:Comparative study.Methods:This study included 30 children with flat foot and 20 healthy children as a control group. The step length and width, walking velocity, symmetry, and center of pressure (CoP) displacements were recorded and compared for three conditions: functional foot orthosis and regular shoe, a medical shoe and barefoot.Results:The results from the CoP displacements showed that the regular shoe with functional foot orthosis caused a significant decrease in the level of displacement of the CoP in flat foot children. The findings indicated a significant improvement in symmetry of steps and walking speed with the functional foot orthosis in comparison to the medical shoe in flat foot children.Conclusion:The CoP displacement was decreased and the percentage of gait symmetry and walking speed were increased by the use of regular shoes with a functional foot orthosis in comparison to the medical shoes.Clinical relevanceAn orthopaedic shoe can be expensive, and in particular heavy with most children reluctant to wear it. This study focussed on the CoP displacement and selected gait parameters with an orthopaedic shoe and functional foot orthosis, and showed that a combined prescription of a functional foot orthosis and with regular shoes may be a useful alternative for children with moderate flat foot.

scholarly journals Smoothness of Gait in Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Individuals: A Study on Italian Elderly Using Wearable Inertial Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Pau ◽  
Ilaria Mulas ◽  
Valeria Putzu ◽  
Gesuina Asoni ◽  
Daniela Viale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Trunk Acceleration ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The main purpose of the present study was to compare the smoothness of gait in older adults with and without cognitive impairments, using the harmonic ratio (HR), a metric derived from trunk accelerations. Ninety older adults aged over 65 (age: 78.9 ± 4.8 years; 62% female) underwent instrumental gait analysis, performed using a wearable inertial sensor and cognitive assessment with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R). They were stratified into three groups based on their MMSE performance: healthy controls (HC), early and advanced cognitive decline (ECD, ACD). The spatio-temporal and smoothness of gait parameters, the latter expressed through HR in anteroposterior (AP), vertical (V) and mediolateral (ML) directions, were derived from trunk acceleration data. The existence of a relationship between gait parameters and degree of cognitive impairment was also explored. The results show that individuals with ECD and ACD exhibited significantly slower speed and shorter stride length, as well as reduced values of HR in the AP and V directions compared to HC, while no significant differences were found between ECD and ACD in any of the investigated parameters. Gait speed, stride length and HR in all directions were found to be moderately correlated with both MMSE and ACE-R scores. Such findings suggest that, in addition to the known changes in gait speed and stride length, important reductions in smoothness of gait are likely to occur in older adults, owing to early/prodromal stages of cognitive impairment. Given the peculiar nature of these metrics, which refers to overall body stability during gait, the calculation of HR may result in being useful in improving the characterization of gait patterns in older adults with cognitive impairments.

scholarly journals Correlation between Caries, Body Mass Index and Occlusion in an Italian Pediatric Patients Sample: A Transverse Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2994
Author(s):  
Angela Militi ◽  
Riccardo Nucera ◽  
Ludovica Ciraolo ◽  
Angela Alibrandi ◽  
Rosamaria Fastuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Significant Inverse Correlation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
And Gender

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between caries, body mass index (BMI) and occlusion in a sample of pediatric patients. Methods: The study group included 127 patients (72 female, 55 male) aged between 6 and 16 years (mean age 10.2) and selected between January and June 2019 at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Messina. Caries incidence was evaluated using the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index. On the basis of BMI values, using a table adjusted for age and gender, patients were grouped into four categories (underweight, normal weight, risk of overweight, overweight). Results: There was no significant correlation between BMI and DMFT in the whole sample. The study of the correlation between BMI and DMFT in patients with different types of malocclusion showed a significant inverse correlation for patients affected by II class and deepbite malocclusion. Conclusions: The incidence of caries does not seem to be significantly related to BMI and occlusal patterns, but it decreases with increasing age.

scholarly journals Effects of age and gender on gait characteristics using a wearable foot inertial-sensor device assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0000
Author(s):  
Chayanin Angthong
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
And Gender

Category: Gait studies Introduction/Purpose: This study is to determine the effects of age and gender on the gait characteristics using a wearable foot inertial-sensor assessment in the patients with foot and ankle conditions. Methods: There were 53 patients with foot and ankle-related conditions (38 females and 15 males, mean age: 51.4 (±14.0) years) who were collected for this study. For all patients, the clinical assessments, including the evaluations with validated patient- reported outcome using visual analogue scale foot and ankle (VAS-FA) score and health-related quality of life using validated Short Form-36 (SF-36), diagnoses, and gait characteristics assessment using a wearable foot device with the Micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) inertial-sensor technology during patients’ walking trial for a distance of 10-meter at their self-selected speed. This device captures the gait parameters as distance walked, step counts or length, cadence, and walking speed. Foot Pod output can be wireless synced to a compatible smartphone or tablet. Pearson’s correlation coefficient r or Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to express the correlation between age and gait parameters or to compare the parameters between male and female groups. Results: There were insignificantly negative Pearson’s correlation coefficients r between age and walking speed or between age and cadence (P>0.05). Male patients had significantly higher maximum walking speed (P=0.015) and step length than female patients (P=0.011). Conclusion: In contrary to the previous study, the present study demonstrated that higher age had no effect on the reduction of walking speed. However, the effects of gender on gait characteristics were proved as higher maximum walking speed and step length in men.

scholarly journals Computation of spatio-temporal parameters in level walking using a single inertial system in lean and obese adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Cimolin ◽  
Paolo Capodaglio ◽  
Nicola Cau ◽  
Manuela Galli ◽  
Cristina Santovito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Inertial System ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Instrumented Gait Analysis

AbstractIn recent years, the availability of low-cost equipment capable of recording kinematic data during walking has facilitated the outdoor assessment of gait parameters, thus overcoming the limitations of three-dimensional instrumented gait analysis (3D-GA). The aim of this study is twofold: firstly, to investigate whether a single sensor on the lower trunk could provide valid spatio-temporal parameters in level walking in normal-weight and obese adolescents compared to instrumented gait analysis (GA); secondly, to investigate whether the inertial sensor is capable of capturing the spatio-temporal features of obese adolescent gait. These were assessed in 10 obese and 8 non-obese adolescents using both a single inertial sensor on the lower trunk and an optoelectronic system. The parameters obtained were not statistically different in either normal-weight or obese participants between the two methods. Obese adolescents walked with longer stance and double support phase compared to normal-weight participants. The results showed that the inertial system is a valid means of evaluating spatio-temporal parameters in obese individuals.

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