scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship between Turning Signal Detection and Motorcycle Driver’s Characteristics on Urban Roads; A Case Study

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micucci ◽  
Mantecchini ◽  
Sangermano
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Turn Signal ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Road Intersections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Driver’S Characteristics

The investigations on the effectiveness of the turn signal in motorcyclists understanding of motorists’ potential intentions in potentially dangerous car–motorcycle interactions and on the relationships among some variables that could influence the perception of rear and front turn signal status are examined in this paper. The investigations have been based on data pooled from the answers of a survey of 136 motorcycle riders, with special regards to the correct detection of turning indicators. Experimental videos have been realized during in-situ simulations, both in urban and suburban areas, recording vehicular interactions in three-leg road intersections, able to potentially generate crash risks, through a 360-camera mounted on a motorcyclist’s helmet. The blinkers detection rate has been combined with other factors related to motorcyclist’s characteristics and test context (e.g., age, gender, location of the test site, presence of a car behind tester vehicles and if the motorcyclist are also habitual car or bicycle drivers) in a stepwise logistic regression that modelled the odds of detecting the turn signal turned on as a function of significant factors. Within the limits of the proposed methodology, the results highlight the low percentage of correct sighting of the turn indicators and confirm the existence of a relation between the detection of the turn indicators aspect and some of the variables considered (e.g., age, being habitual cyclist or car driver and the presence of a car occluding the views), suggesting the opportunity to further investigate the phenomenon through the use of ad-hoc simulations, in order to highlight connections among the factors that can influence the perception of turning indicators in potentially dangerous contexts for cars and motorcycles.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship Between Turning Signal Detection and Motorcycle Driver’s Characteristics on Urban Roads. A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Micucci ◽  
Luca Mantecchini ◽  
Maurizio Sangermano
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Correct Detection ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Turn Signal ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Driver’S Characteristics

The relationships among the potential causes of a car and motorcycle collision involving turn maneuvers as well as the perception of rear and front turn signal (on/off) configuration is examined in this paper. The investigation has been based on data pooled from the answers of a survey proposed to 136 people, with special regards to the correct detection of indicators aspect. Experimental videos have been realized during the tests campaign, both in urban and suburban areas, using a 360-camera attached to a motorcyclist’s helmet, reproducing vehicular conflicts able to potentially generate crash risks. The detection of the blinker was combined with other factors (e.g. age, gender, location of the test site, presence of the car behind tester vehicles and if the bikers are also habitual car or bike drivers) in a stepwise logistic regression that modelled the odds of detecting the turn signal turned on as a function of all of these factors. The results suggest the existence of a connection between the detection of the turn signal aspect and some of the variables considered (e.g. age, being a cyclist or a car driver and the presence of a protecting car).

scholarly journals Microplastics Determination in the Rivers with Different Urbanisation Variances: A Case Study in Kuching City, Sarawak, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Georgina Johnson ◽  
Wen San Hii ◽  
Samuel Lihan ◽  
Meng Guan Tay
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
River System ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Shape Identification ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Factor

The presence of microplastics in aquatic systems is mainly due to the anthropogenic activities such as domestic waste dumping. Undeniably, rivers either in urban or suburban areas are always a waste dumpling sites from the surrounding residences. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between microplastic abundance and different degree of urbanization across Kuching in Sarawak. Three sampling locations with different degrees of urbanisation had been studied across Kuching. A total of 137 pieces of microplastics were collected along the study and analysed using stereoscopic microscope for the shape identification and FTIR spectrophotometer for functional groups present in the microplastics. Filament was the most abundant microplastics shape found, whereas the IR results showed that ethylenevinylacetate (9%), polyamides or nylon (15%), polypropylene (42%), poly(methylmethacrylate) (16%) and polystyrene (18%) were found in the study. The most abundant microplastics in the water samples was polypropylene (42%), whereas ethylenevinylacetate (9%) was the least. The degree of urbanisation does not directly relate to the microplastic present in the river system in Kuching City, but the anthropogenic activity is the main factor that affecting the microplastic abundance in the river.   Keywords: anthropologenic activity, FTIR, microplastics, polymer identification, urban, sub-urban

The Politics of Communication between Planning Officers and Politicians: The Exercise of Power through Discourse

10.1068/a3287 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Tait ◽  
Heather Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Communication Work ◽  
Normative Issues ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

The relationship between local government officers and elected members is central to the decisionmaking processes associated with planning, as with many other areas of public policymaking. Legal responsibilities and issues of accountability and legitimacy lie at the heart of the relationship between officers and members, with interaction mediated and constituted through ritualised communicative encounters such as committee meetings and associated reports, and less formally through ad hoc contacts. Given the importance of this relationship it is striking that there has been relatively little research into the influences on officers and members within everyday planning practice. In this paper we will explore the extent to which a consideration of the language used in planning practice can inform our understanding of the relationship between planners and politicians. Thinking within the planning field about the role of language as a mechanism for reflecting and constituting power has been dominated by the work of Jürgen Habermas and Michel Foucault. However, despite the increasing attention focused on the importance of language and communication, work within the planning community has tended to concentrate on normative issues of how planning ought to operate in society rather than situating these theories within the ‘real’ world of practice. The objectives behind the case study research evaluated in this paper are therefore twofold. First, to explore the role of language and discourse in reflecting and constituting relations of power in a planning authority on the south coast of England and, second, to explore the value of Foucault's and Habermas's ideas as tools of research in planning. On the basis of this study we conclude that there are some important theoretical and methodological difficulties in connecting the ideas of Habermas and Foucault to the world of everyday planning practice.

scholarly journals Development of Areas and Public Purpose Investments in Suburban Territories

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Ada Wolny ◽  
Alina Źróbek-Rózańska ◽  
Ryszard Źróbek ◽  
Marek Piotrowski ◽  
Jens Frey
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Public Purpose ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Suburban areas are subjected to particularly strong investment pressure, thus facing the challenge arising from the need to impose new spatial order. Satisfying the residents’ expectations by implementing necessary technical and social infrastructure becomes a priority. Therefore, public investments play an important role in suburban areas. The article discusses the role of public purpose goals and their achievement using a case study which encompassed the outskirts of Olsztyn and consisted of detailed analyses of two gminas (communes) adjacent to the city. The research covered the time period from 2006 to 2010. The relationship between the development of housing functions in a suburban area and the location of public purpose investments such as technical and social infrastructure has been documented. The execution of public purpose projects is a follow-up of the development strategies prepared for the gminas where public investments are shown as a stimulant of suburban development. It has been demonstrated that decisions permitting such investments to be carried out are issued in response to the needs of the local community and investors moving to suburban territories.

Magnetotelluric monitoring of coal seam gas depressurisation

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Nigel Rees ◽  
Graham Heinson ◽  
Lars Krieger ◽  
Goran Boren ◽  
Dennis Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Coal Seam Gas ◽  
Subsurface Environment ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Conductivity Structure ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
New Processing

The depressurisation of coal seam gas (CSG) formations causes in-situ fluids to migrate through pores and fractures in the earth. The removal of large volumes of water from coal seams has the potential to affect water table levels and groundwater flow in surrounding aquifer systems. Magnetotellurics (MT) is a passive electromagnetic technique that uses the natural fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields at the Earth’s surface to determine the Earth’s conductivity structure. The bulk movement of fluids during CSG depressurisation causes a conductivity change in the subsurface and this change can be monitored using MT. An electromagnetic survey was conducted at a CSG production scientific test site. Electric and magnetic field instruments were deployed, measuring continuously at 651 Hz across three months. New processing software was developed to generate MT responses in the bandwidth of 100–0.1 Hz across the experiment. The theory of monitoring subsurface fluid movement using MT is presented, as well as instrumentation and a case study to demonstrate the potential of the magnetotelluric method. Results from this approach can provide an inexpensive means of monitoring CSG depressurisation, as well as an improved understanding of the potential impacts on the subsurface environment during CSG production.

The Colonial Office and British Business before World War I: A Case Study

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Ponko
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
World War I ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Colonial Office

As Great Britain expanded its economic sphere at the turn of the century, what was the nature of the relationship between the imperial government and private firms seeking profits within the free trade empire? Was there a “well-planned and consistent program directed from the top,” or was the government's so-called “high policy” toward business actually the result “of ad hoc compromises among various departmental heads” buried three and four levels deep in the Colonial Office? The experience of the Tanjong Pagar Dock Co. of Singapore suggests that the opportunities for British firms to exploit the resources of British controlled territories could be seriously circumscribed by the “arbitrary paternalism” of “crusading bureaucrats.”

scholarly journals 3-D tomographic limb sounder retrieval techniques: irregular grids and Laplacian regularisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 853-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Krasauskas ◽  
Jörn Ungermann ◽  
Stefan Ensmann ◽  
Isabell Krisch ◽  
Erik Kretschmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Modelling Problem ◽  
Tikhonov Regularisation ◽  
Grid Points

Abstract. Multiple limb sounder measurements of the same atmospheric region taken from different directions can be combined in a 3-D tomographic retrieval. Mathematically, this is a computationally expensive inverse modelling problem. It typically requires an introduction of some general knowledge of the atmosphere (regularisation) due to its underdetermined nature. This paper introduces a consistent, physically motivated (no ad-hoc parameters) variant of the Tikhonov regularisation scheme based on spatial derivatives of the first-order and Laplacian. As shown by a case study with synthetic data, this scheme, combined with irregular grid retrieval methods employing Delaunay triangulation, improves both upon the quality and the computational cost of 3-D tomography. It also eliminates grid dependence and the need to tune parameters for each use case. The few physical parameters required can be derived from in situ measurements and model data. Tests show that a 82 % reduction in the number of grid points and 50 % reduction in total computation time, compared to previous methods, could be achieved without compromising results. An efficient Monte Carlo technique was also adopted for accuracy estimation of the new retrievals.

scholarly journals The influence of religion in market research in Islamic countries: case study of rice market in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 82-98
Author(s):  
Susana Beatriz Checa Prieto ◽  
Lisardo De Pedro Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Rice Market ◽  
Decision Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Company

The relationship between globalization and religion is one with furthering challenges. In globalization processes, when a company considers going into a new market the first concern that raises immediately is the development of an ad hoc market research. The launching of a product like rice, which target audience is the housewife, has important challenges in Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia. How can you tackle people who for religious or cultural reasons have limited contact with people who are not in their family environment? How can a firm determine purchasing decision factors or affinity to brands?

The Role of Theory in Documentation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Kandybowicz ◽  
Harold Torrence
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Documentation ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents a case study of an instance in which the influence of linguistic theory on descriptive fieldwork has led to both the discovery and the remedy of missing gaps in the documentation record of a language. It focuses on the restriction of wh- in-situ induced by intervention effects in Krachi, an endangered Kwa language of Ghana. Investigating Krachi intervention effects both enriches the depth of description of wh- constructions in the language and reveals patterns of intervention effects that differ from what has been documented in other languages in the literature. The Krachi data therefore provide a new set of empirical challenges for current theoretical accounts of intervention effects and thus help to set the theoretical agenda for further work. This case study thus supports the position that the relationship between linguistic theory and language documentation and description is a symbiotic one in that each complements and drives progress in the other.

Traditional Rural Environment and Sustainable Architecture: A Case Study in Moratalla (Murcia, Spain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
P. A. López
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town

This paper attempts to demonstrate the relationship between sustainability and vernacular architecture, being focused on a specific research carried out in the old part of Moratalla, a town in Murcia (Spain). This study has been possible thanks to the collection of 265 field records with in situ data so that quality and quantity can be measured. All these are distinctive parameters of vernacular architecture of the centre in the middle ages, what teaches us an important lesson of how traditional construction is environmentally friendly and sustainable, thus leading to more practical bioclimatic architecture. The current study relies on an agreement between the catholic university of Murcia (ucam) and the town council of the aforementioned town (moratalla), what gives an idea of its importance. Some recommendations have been included at the end of the paper to be taken into account by municipal legislation so that our building heritage can be preserved and maintained.

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