scholarly journals Enhanced Fully Generalized Spatial Modulation for the Internet of Underwater Things

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyad A. H. Qasem ◽  
Hamada Esmaiel ◽  
Haixin Sun ◽  
Junfeng Wang ◽  
Yongchun Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Channel ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Acoustic Channel ◽  
High Data ◽  
Geometric Interpolation

A full design of the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) with a high data rate is one of the greatest underwater communication difficulties due to the unavailability of a sustainable power source for the battery supplies of sensor nodes, electromagnetic spread weakness, and limited acoustic waves channel bandwidth. This paper presents a new energy-efficient communication scheme named Enhanced Fully Generalized Spatial Modulation (EFGSM) for the underwater acoustic channel, where the different number of active antennas used in Fully Generalized Spatial Modulation (FGSM) is combined with multiple signal constellations. The proposed EFGSM enhances energy efficiency over conventional schemes such as spatial modulation, generalized spatial modulation, and FGSM. In order to increase energy and spectral performance, the proposed technique conveys data bits not just by the number of active antenna's index as in the existing traditional FGSM, but also using the type of signal constellation to increase the data bit rate and improve power saving without increasing the receiver’s complexity. The proposed EFGSM uses primary and secondary constellations as indexes to carry information, they are derived from others by geometric interpolation signal space. The performance of the suggested EFGSM is estimated and demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulation over an underwater acoustic channel. The simulation results confirm the advantage of the suggested EFGSM scheme not just regarding energy and spectral efficiency but also concerning the average bit error rate (ABER).

scholarly journals Underwater Image Transmission Using Spatial Modulation Unequal Error Protection for Internet of Underwater Things

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaiel ◽  
Qasem ◽  
Sun ◽  
Wang ◽  
Junejo
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Unequal Error Protection ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
Error Protection ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Channel ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Acoustic Channel ◽  
Underwater Image

A spatial modulation (SM) scheme has been developed as a hopeful candidate for spectral and energy-efficient wireless communication systems, as it provides a great judgment for the system performance, data transmission rate, receiver complexity, and energy/spectrum efficiency. In SM, the data is conveyed by both habitual M-ary signal constellations and the transmit antennas indices. Therefore, the system data rate improvement due to the side information bits transmitted, encapsulated in indices of the transmit antennas, improves the SM transmission efficiency compared to the different MIMO players. The information bits transmitted over the antenna index and data symbol constellation using M-ary signal performance have different levels of bit error rate (BER) performance. This paper proposes unequal error protection (UEP) scheme for image transmission over the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs) using SM. The Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) coders encode the underwater image and classify the encoded bits in two categories: critical and uncritical bits. The critical bits are transmitted over the SM index bits and have a low BER while the uncritical bits are transmitted over high order M-ary signal constellation to resolve the underwater acoustic channel bandwidth limitation problem. The proposed SM-UEP technique has been developed carefully with enough justification and evaluation over the measured underwater acoustic channel and the simulated channel. The simulation results show that the proposed SM-UEP can increase the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the reconstructed received image considerably, and significantly.

scholarly journals Robust Silent Localization of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Using Mobile Anchor(s)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Rahul Mourya ◽  
Mauro Dragone ◽  
Yvan Petillot
Keyword(s):  
Channel Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Robust Estimator ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Acoustic Channel ◽  
Localization Scheme ◽  
Mobile Anchor

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) can revolutionize the subsea domain by enabling low-cost monitoring of subsea assets and the marine environment. Accurate localization of the UWASNs is essential for these applications. In general, range-based localization techniques are preferred for their high accuracy in estimated locations. However, they can be severely affected by variable sound speed, multipath spreading, and other effects of the acoustic channel. In addition, an inefficient localization scheme can consume a significant amount of energy, reducing the effective life of the battery-powered sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose robust, efficient, and practically implementable localization schemes for static UWASNs. The proposed schemes are based on the Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDoA) measurements and the nodes are localized passively, i.e., by just listening to beacon signals from multiple anchors, thus saving both the channel bandwidth and energy. The robustness in location estimates is achieved by considering an appropriate statistical noise model based on a plausible acoustic channel model and certain practical assumptions. To overcome the practical challenges of deploying and maintaining multiple permanent anchors for TDoA measurements, we propose practical schemes of using a single or multiple surface vehicles as virtual anchors. The robustness of localization is evaluated by simulations under realistic settings. By combining a mobile anchor(s) scheme with a robust estimator, this paper presents a complete package of efficient, robust, and practically usable localization schemes for low-cost UWASNs.

Autoregressive model of an underwater acoustic channel in the frequency domain

2022 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 108397
Author(s):  
Biao Liu ◽  
Ning Jia ◽  
Jianchun Huang ◽  
Shengming Guo ◽  
Dong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Channel ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Acoustic Channel

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulating on the Bandwidth and Capacity of Underwater Acoustic Channel

2021 ◽  
Vol 1903 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
Tieliang Guo ◽  
Zhijun Li ◽  
Wenxiang Zhang ◽  
Binghuai Li
Keyword(s):  
Underwater Acoustic Channel ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Acoustic Channel
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