scholarly journals Hydrogel-Based Plasmonic Sensor Substrate for the Detection of Ethanol

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kroh ◽  
Roland Wuchrer ◽  
Nadja Steinke ◽  
Margarita Guenther ◽  
Gerald Gerlach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plasmonic Sensor ◽  
Active Sensor ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Swelling And Shrinking

The in-line monitoring of ethanol concentration in liquids is a crucial part of process monitoring in breweries and distilleries. Current methods are based on infrared spectroscopy, which is time-consuming and costly, making these methods unaffordable for small and middle-sized companies. To overcome these problems, we presented a small, compact, and cost-effective sensing method for the ethanol content, based on a nanostructured, plasmonically active sensor substrate. The sensor substrate is coated with an ethanol-sensitive hydrogel, based on polyacrylamide and bisacrylamide, which induces a change in the refractive index of the substrate surface. The swelling and shrinking of such hydrogels offer a means to measure the ethanol content in liquids, which can be determined in a simple transmittance setup. In our study, we demonstrated the capability of the sensor principle for the detection of ethanol content ranging from 0 to 30 vol% ethanol. Furthermore, we determined the response time of the sensor substrate to be 5.2 min, which shows an improvement by a factor of four compared to other hydrogel-based sensing methods. Finally, initial results for the sensor’s lifetime are presented.

scholarly journals Improved Refractive Index Sensitivity Utilizing Long-Period Gratings with Periodic Corrugations on Cladding

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Lim ◽  
Wen Bin Ji ◽  
Swee Chuan Tjin
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Refractive Index Sensitivity ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Long Period Gratings ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Index Sensitivity

A new structure of Long-Period Gratings (LPGs) sensor is introduced as a sensitive ambient RI sensor. This structure consists of creating periodic corrugations on the cladding of the LPG. The experimental results show that this LPG structure has good performances in terms of linearity and sensitivity and serves as a highly sensitive and cost-effective sensor. It also has the advantage of portability as the corrugation can also serve as the reservoir for the specimen collection to be tested.

scholarly journals Mode Sensitivity Exploration of Silica–Titania Waveguide for Refractive Index Sensing Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7452
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Butt ◽  
Andrzej Kaźmierczak ◽  
Cuma Tyszkiewicz ◽  
Paweł Karasiński ◽  
Ryszard Piramidowicz
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Infrared Wavelength ◽  
Refractive Index Sensing ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Coating Method

In this paper, a novel and cost-effective photonic platform based on silica–titania material is discussed. The silica–titania thin films were grown utilizing the sol–gel dip-coating method and characterized with the help of the prism-insertion technique. Afterwards, the mode sensitivity analysis of the silica–titania ridge waveguide is investigated via the finite element method. Silica–titania waveguide systems are highly attractive due to their ease of development, low fabrication cost, low propagation losses and operation in both visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges. Finally, a ring resonator (RR) sensor device was modelled for refractive index sensing applications, offering a sensitivity of 230 nm/RIU, a figure of merit (FOM) of 418.2 RIU−1, and Q-factor of 2247.5 at the improved geometric parameters. We believe that the abovementioned integrated photonics platform is highly suitable for high-performance and economically reasonable optical sensing devices.

scholarly journals Agriculture Monitoring System Using IoT: A Review Paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Hafiz Saad Ahmad, Ali Hasnain
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Processing Mechanism

In recent years evolution of Internet of Things has brought revolution in many different sectors.  The agriculture sector has become efficient and cost effective due to role of IoT. Monitoring systems has become the crucial part of agriculture. In past few years lot of work is been done and many systems has been purposed in this regard. In this paper we are going to make comparison between 4 different agriculture monitoring systems. We are also going to discuss what type of hardware including different sensors are used in those systems. We are also going to discuss software and platform on which those applications run. We will also discuss processing mechanism and what kind of algorithms are used in these systems and in the last we are going to make a comparative table based on these parameters.

scholarly journals The role of positively charge poly-L-lysine in the formation of high yield gold nanoplates on the surface for plasmonic sensing application

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259730
Author(s):  
Marlia Morsin ◽  
Suratun Nafisah ◽  
Rahmat Sanudin ◽  
Nur Liyana Razali ◽  
Farhanahani Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Resonance Effect ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Plasmonic Sensor

An anisotropic structure, gold (Au) nanoplates was synthesized using a two-step wet chemical seed mediated growth method (SMGM) directly on the substrate surface. Prior to the synthesis process, poly-l-lysine (PLL) as a cation polymer was used to enhance the yield of grown Au nanoplates. The electrostatic interaction of positive charged by PLL with negative charges from citrate-capped gold nanoseeds contributes to the yield increment. The percentage of PLL was varied from 0% to 10% to study the morphology of Au nanoplates in term of shape, size and surface density. 5% PLL with single layer treatment produce a variety of plate shapes such as hexagonal, flat rod and triangular obtained over the whole substrate surface with the estimated maximum yield up to ca. 48%. The high yield of Au nanoplates exhibit dual plasmonic peaks response that are associated with transverse and longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (TSPR and LSPR). Then, the PLL treatment process was repeated twice resulting the increment of Au nanoplates products to ca. 60%. The thin film Au nanoplates was further used as sensing materials in plasmonic sensor for detection of boric acid. The anisotropic Au nanoplates have four sensing parameters being monitored when the medium changes, which are peak position (wavelength shift), intensity of TSPR and LSPR, and the changes on sensing responses. The sensor responses are based on the interaction of light with dielectric properties from surrounding medium. The resonance effect produces by a collection of electron vibration on the Au nanoparticles surface after hit by light are captured as the responses. As a conclusion, it was found that the PLL treatment is capable to promote high yield of Au nanoplates. Moreover, the high yield of the Au nanoplates is an indication as excellent candidate for sensing material in plasmonic sensor.

scholarly journals All-Metal Terahertz Metamaterial Biosensor for Protein Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangqi Wang ◽  
Fengjie Zhu ◽  
Tingting Lang ◽  
Jianjun Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Drilling Technology ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract In this paper, a terahertz (THz) biosensor based on all-metal metamaterial is theoretically investigated and experimentally verified. This THz metamaterial biosensor uses stainless steel materials that are manufactured via laser-drilling technology. The simulation results show that the maximum refractive index (RI) sensitivity and the figure of merit (FOM) of this metamaterial sensor are 294.95 GHz/RIU and 4.03, respectively. Then, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen as the detection substance to assess this biosensor’s effectiveness. The experiment results show that the detection sensitivity is 72.81 GHz/(ng/mm2) and the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.035 mg/mL. This THz metamaterial biosensor is simple, cost-effective, easy to fabricate, and have great potential in various biosensing applications.

INITIAL RESULTS ON A NEW LIGHT-DUTY 2.7L OPPOSED-PISTON GASOLINE COMPRESSION IGNITION MULTI-CYLINDER ENGINE

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ashwin Salvi ◽  
Reed Hanson ◽  
Rodrigo Zermeno ◽  
Gerhard Regner ◽  
Mark Sellnau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combustion Noise ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Peak Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is a cost-effective approach to achieving diesel-like efficiencies with low emissions. The fundamental architecture of the two-stroke Achates Power Opposed-Piston Engine (OP Engine) enables GCI by decoupling piston motion from cylinder scavenging, allowing for flexible and independent control of cylinder residual fraction and temperature leading to improved low load combustion. In addition, the high peak cylinder pressure and noise challenges at high-load operation are mitigated by the lower BMEP operation and faster heat release for the same pressure rise rate of the OP Engine. These advantages further solidify the performance benefits of the OP Engine and emonstrate the near-term feasibility of advanced combustion technologies, enabled by the opposed-piston architecture. This paper presents initial results from a steady state testing on a brand new 2.7L OP GCI multi-cylinder engine designed for light-duty truck applications. Successful GCI operation calls for high compression ratio, leading to higher combustion stability at low-loads, higher efficiencies, and lower cycle HC+NOX emissions. Initial results show a cycle average brake thermal efficiency of 31.7%, which is already greater than 11% conventional engines, after only ten weeks of testing. Emissions results suggest that Tier 3 Bin 160 levels can be achieved using a traditional diesel after-treatment system. Combustion noise was well controlled at or below the USCAR limits. In addition, initial results on catalyst light-off mode with GCI are also presented.

scholarly journals Precision Vascular Delivery of Agrochemicals with Micromilled Microneedles (µMMNs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avra Kundu ◽  
Maria Gabriela Nogueira Campos ◽  
Swadeshmukul Santra ◽  
Swaminathan Rajaraman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Base Width ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract We demonstrate use of makerspace techniques involving subtractive microtechnologies to fabricate micromilled microneedles (µMMNs) of stainless steel (SS) for precise delivery of agrochemicals into vascular bundles of plant tissue. Precision delivery is of immense importance for systemic pathogen control in specific areas of plant tissue. Optimization of the micromilling allows for selective removal of SS at the microscale and the microfabrication of a 5 × 5 array of µMMNs having both base width and height of 500 µm to enable precise puncture into the stem of citrus saplings. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy reveals up to 7.5× increase in the uptake of a therapeutic cargo while Scanning Electron Microscopy reveals that specific sites of the vascular bundle; either xylem or the phloem can be uniquely targeted with customized µMMNs. Such rapid and cost-effective customization with intricate designs along with scalability is enabled by makerspace microfabrication. Additionally, a 19 × 20 array of micromilled mesoneedles has been fabricated and affixed to a paint roller as an applicator system for real-world field testing outside the laboratory. Initial results indicate reliable behavior of the applicator system and the technique can be applied to the systemic delivery of agrochemicals while conserving the loss of the agrochemical with increased application efficiency.

scholarly journals Drift Reduction of a 4-DOF Measurement System Caused by Unstable Air Refractive Index

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6329
Author(s):  
Ruijun Li ◽  
Yongjun Wang ◽  
Pan Tao ◽  
Rongjun Cheng ◽  
Zhenying Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Novel Method

Laser beam drift greatly influences the accuracy of a four degrees of freedom (4-DOF) measurement system during the detection of machine tool errors, especially for long-distance measurement. A novel method was proposed using bellows to serve as a laser beam shield and air pumps to stabilize the refractive index of air. The inner diameter of the bellows and the control mode of the pumps were optimized through theoretical analysis and simulation. An experimental setup was established to verify the feasibility of the method under the temperature interference condition. The results indicated that the position stability of the laser beam spot can be improved by more than 79% under the action of pumping and inflating. The proposed scheme provides a cost-effective method to reduce the laser beam drift, which can be applied to improve the detection accuracy of a 4-DOF measurement system.

A simple, precise and cost-effective determination of ethanol content in gasohol through the ferroin-catalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillating system

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 104023
Author(s):  
Sira Sansuk ◽  
Wimonrat Tongphoothorn ◽  
Atchara Sirimungkala ◽  
Titikan Somboon
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ethanol Content
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