scholarly journals Computational Psychometrics Using Psychophysiological Measures for the Assessment of Acute Mental Stress

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Cipresso ◽  
Desirée Colombo ◽  
Giuseppe Riva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Stress ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Discrimination Capability ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Word Task ◽  
Psychophysiological Correlates ◽  
Psychophysiological Data ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Mental Stressors ◽  
Blood Volume Pulse

The goal of this study was to provide reliable quantitative analyses of psycho-physiological measures during acute mental stress. Acute, time-limited stressors are used extensively as experimental stimuli in psychophysiological research. In particular, the Stroop Color Word Task and the Arithmetical Task have been widely used in several settings as effective mental stressors. We collected psychophysiological data on blood volume pulse, thoracic respiration, and skin conductance from 60 participants at rest and during stressful situations. Subsequently, we used statistical univariate tests and multivariate computational approaches to conduct comprehensive studies on the discriminative properties of each condition in relation to psychophysiological correlates. The results showed evidence of a greater discrimination capability of the Arithmetical Task compared to the Stroop test. The best predictors were the short time Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices, in particular, the Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia index, which in turn could be predicted by other HRV and respiratory indices in a hierarchical, multi-level regression analysis. Thus, computational psychometrics analyses proved to be an effective tool for studying such complex variables. They could represent the first step in developing complex platforms for the automatic detection of mental stress, which could improve the treatment.

Cardiorespiratory interactions in patients with atrial flutter

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Masè ◽  
Marcello Disertori ◽  
Flavia Ravelli
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Flutter ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Supraventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Respiratory Arrhythmia ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Av Conduction ◽  
Frequency Independent ◽  
Modulation Pattern ◽  
Short Time

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is generally known as the autonomically mediated modulation of the sinus node pacemaker frequency in synchrony with respiration. Cardiorespiratory interactions have been largely investigated during sinus rhythm, whereas little is known about interactions during reentrant arrhythmias. In this study, cardiorespiratory interactions at the atrial and ventricular level were investigated during atrial flutter (AFL), a supraventricular arrhythmia based on a reentry, by using cross-spectral analysis and computer modeling. The coherence and phase between respiration and atrial (γ[Formula: see text], φAA) and ventricular (γ[Formula: see text], φRR) interval series were estimated in 20 patients with typical AFL (68.0 ± 8.8 yr) and some degree of atrioventricular (AV) conduction block. In all patients, atrial intervals displayed oscillations strongly coupled and in phase with respiration (γ[Formula: see text]= 0.97 ± 0.05, φAA = 0.71 ± 0.31 rad), corresponding to a paradoxical lengthening of intervals during inspiration. The modulation pattern was frequency independent, with in-phase oscillations and short time delays (0.40 ± 0.15 s) for respiratory frequencies in the range 0.1–0.4 Hz. Ventricular patterns were affected by AV conduction type. In patients with fixed AV conduction, ventricular intervals displayed oscillations strongly coupled (γ[Formula: see text]= 0.97 ± 0.03) and in phase with respiration (φRR = 1.08 ± 0.80 rad). Differently, in patients with variable AV conduction, respiratory oscillations were secondary to Wencheback rhythmicity, resulting in a decreased level of coupling (γ[Formula: see text]= 0.50 ± 0.21). Simulations with a simplified model of AV conduction showed ventricular patterns to originate from the combination of a respiratory modulated atrial input with the functional properties of the AV node. The paradoxical frequency-independent modulation pattern of atrial interval, the short time delays, and the complexity of ventricular rhythm characterize respiratory arrhythmia during AFL and distinguish it from normal RSA. These peculiar features can be explained by assuming a direct mechanical action of respiration on AFL reentrant circuit.

3633 A study of a short time analysis method for mental stress by heart rate variability

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008.7 (0) ◽  
pp. 205-206
Author(s):  
Nobuaki MORI ◽  
Osamu SADA ◽  
Yoshiaki MATSUMOTO ◽  
Zhongwei JIANG
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Short Time

scholarly journals Role of respiration in the cardiovascular response to orthostatic and mental stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (6) ◽  
pp. R761-R769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Javorka ◽  
Fatima El-Hamad ◽  
Barbora Czippelova ◽  
Zuzana Turianikova ◽  
Jana Krohova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Respiratory Response ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Head Up Tilt

The objective of this study was to determine the response of heart rate and blood pressure variability (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, baroreflex sensitivity) to orthostatic and mental stress, focusing on causality and the mediating effect of respiration. Seventy-seven healthy young volunteers (46 women, 31 men) aged 18.4 ± 2.7 yr underwent an experimental protocol comprising supine rest, 45° head-up tilt, recovery, and a mental arithmetic task. Heart rate variability and blood pressure variability were analyzed in the time and frequency domain and modeled as a multivariate autoregressive process where the respiratory volume signal acted as an external driver. During head-up tilt, tidal volume increased while respiratory rate decreased. During mental stress, breathing rate increased and tidal volume was elevated slightly. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia decreased during both interventions. Baroreflex function was preserved during orthostasis but was decreased during mental stress. While sex differences were not observed during baseline conditions, cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress and respiratory response to mental stress was more prominent in men compared with women. The respiratory response to the mental arithmetic tasks was more prominent in men despite a significantly higher subjectively perceived stress level in women. In conclusion, respiration shows a distinct response to orthostatic versus mental stress, mediating cardiovascular variability; it needs to be considered for correct interpretation of heart rate and blood pressure phenomena.

scholarly journals A comparison of metrics for quantifying cranial suture complexity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (171) ◽  
pp. 20200476
Author(s):  
Heather E. White ◽  
Julien Clavel ◽  
Abigail S. Tucker ◽  
Anjali Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Shape Variation ◽  
Sinuosity Index ◽  
Box Counting ◽  
Variation Function ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spectrum Density ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Short Time

Cranial sutures play critical roles in facilitating postnatal skull development and function. The diversity of function is reflected in the highly variable suture morphology and complexity. Suture complexity has seldom been studied, resulting in little consensus on the most appropriate approach for comparative, quantitative analyses. Here, we provide the first comprehensive comparison of current approaches for quantifying suture morphology, using a wide range of two-dimensional suture outlines across extinct and extant mammals ( n = 79). Five complexity metrics (sinuosity index (SI), suture complexity index (SCI), fractal dimension (FD) box counting, FD madogram and a windowed short-time Fourier transform with power spectrum density (PSD) calculation) were compared with each other and with the shape variation in the dataset. Analyses of suture shape demonstrate that the primary axis of variation captured attributes other than complexity, supporting the use of a complexity metric over raw shape data for sutural complexity analyses. Each approach captured different aspects of complexity. PSD successfully discriminates different sutural features, such as looping patterns and interdigitation amplitude and number, while SCI best-captured variation in interdigitation number alone. Therefore, future studies should consider the relevant attributes for their question when selecting a metric for comparative analysis of suture variation, function and evolution.

Psychophysiological Correlates of Attention to Emotional Information in Youth

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Vahlsing ◽  
Lori M. Hilt ◽  
Andrew R. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Psychophysiological Correlates

Attention to emotional stimuli has been associated with psychological health among adults and youth. In this study, we examined 2 putative functional psychophysiological correlates of attention to emotional information in a community sample of 135 youth (Mage=12 years, 7 months; SDage=1 year, 1 month; 50% girls). After measuring resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), participants completed a 1,500 ms emotional faces dot probe task with eye tracking. We examined pupil dilation during angry, sad, and happy trials and predicted that lower resting RSA and greater pupil dilation would be associated with relatively greater attention to negative stimuli. Results partially confirmed our hypothesis. Lower resting RSA was associated with relatively greater attention to sad faces. Lower resting RSA was also associated with relatively greater attention to angry faces when pupil dilation was lower. RSA may be an important functional correlate of attention that should be explored further in future research.

Garbage In; Garbage Out—Identify Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) Artifacts Before Analyzing and Interpreting BVP, Blood Volume Pulse Amplitude, and Heart Rate/Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Data

Biofeedback ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Peper ◽  
Fred Shaffer ◽  
I-Mei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Pulse Signal ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Volume Pulse ◽  
Blood Volume Pulse

Abstract Blood volume pulse is a popular method for monitoring the relative changes in peripheral blood flow, heart rate, and heart rate variability. This article stresses the danger of blindly interpreting measures like heart rate, which are derived from blood volume pulse, without close inspection of the raw blood volume pulse signal. The authors identify common sources of signal contamination and recommend practical precautions and treatment of artifacts.

scholarly journals Multiscale Information Decomposition Dissects Control Mechanisms of Heart Rate Variability at Rest and During Physiological Stress

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Krohova ◽  
Luca Faes ◽  
Barbora Czippelova ◽  
Zuzana Turianikova ◽  
Nikoleta Mazgutova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Heart rate variability (HRV; variability of the RR interval of the electrocardiogram) results from the activity of several coexisting control mechanisms, which involve the influence of respiration (RESP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) oscillations operating across multiple temporal scales and changing in different physiological states. In this study, multiscale information decomposition is used to dissect the physiological mechanisms related to the genesis of HRV in 78 young volunteers monitored at rest and during postural and mental stress evoked by head-up tilt (HUT) and mental arithmetics (MA). After representing RR, RESP and SBP at different time scales through a recently proposed method based on multivariate state space models, the joint information transfer T RESP , SBP → RR is decomposed into unique, redundant and synergistic components, describing the strength of baroreflex modulation independent of respiration ( U SBP → RR ), nonbaroreflex ( U RESP → RR ) and baroreflex-mediated ( R RESP , SBP → RR ) respiratory influences, and simultaneous presence of baroreflex and nonbaroreflex respiratory influences ( S RESP , SBP → RR ), respectively. We find that fast (short time scale) HRV oscillations—respiratory sinus arrhythmia—originate from the coexistence of baroreflex and nonbaroreflex (central) mechanisms at rest, with a stronger baroreflex involvement during HUT. Focusing on slower HRV oscillations, the baroreflex origin is dominant and MA leads to its higher involvement. Respiration influences independent on baroreflex are present at long time scales, and are enhanced during HUT.

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