scholarly journals Design of Non-Uniform Antenna Arrays for Improved Near-Field MultiFocusing

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael González-Ayestarán ◽  
Jana Álvarez ◽  
Fernando Las-Heras
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Arbitrary Distribution ◽  
Wireless Link ◽  
Distribution Of Elements

An extended method for Near-Field Multifocusing on antenna arrays, including the optimization of the locations for the elements of the array, is proposed. Multifocusing is gaining attention in recent years due to the growth of applications such as Internet of Things, or 5G, where a wireless link between a number of sensors and devices must be established, and energy or interference must be managed efficiently. Multifocusing requirements may be addressed by optimizing the feeding weights that must be applied to the elements of an array, but the proposed methodology also optimizes their locations, increasing the degrees of freedom by allowing a non-uniform structure for the array, leading to more efficient structures or better compliance with the specifications. Some experiments are presented to validate the method, showing that it is able to determine the weights and mesh of the array to fulfill the requirements, both obtaining an arbitrary distribution of elements or following a predefined geometric model.

RFID, NFC, Beacons, and the Infrastructures of Logistical Locative Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 474-486
Author(s):  
Jordan Frith
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Locative Media ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Machine Readable

The phrase the Internet of things was originally coined in a 1999 presentation about attaching radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to individual objects. These tags would make the objects machine-readable, uniquely identifiable, and, most importantly, wirelessly communicative with infrastructure. This chapter evaluates RFID as a piece of mobile communicative infrastructure, and it examines two emerging forms: near-field communication (NFC) and Bluetooth low-energy beacons. The chapter shows how NFC and Bluetooth low-energy beacons may soon move some types of RFID to smartphones, in this way evolving the use of RFID in payment and transportation and enabling new practices of post-purchasing behaviors.

AWE-Inspiring Electrically Small Antennas

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Richard W. Ziolkowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Electrically Small Antennas ◽  
Active Systems ◽  
Small Antennas ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Future ◽  
Forward Looking

Anytime-wireless-everywhere (AWE) aspirations for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications to be enabled through current 5G and evolving 6G and beyond ecosystems necessitate the development of innovative electrically small antennas (ESAs). While a variety of ESA systems are reviewed, those realized from the near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) antenna paradigm are emphasized. Efficiency, bandwidth and directivity issues are highlighted. Multifunctional, reconfigurable, passive and active systems that have been achieved are discussed and illustrated; their performance characteristics and advantages described. This overview finalizes by going back to the future and considers enterprising research areas of current and forward-looking interest.

Communication Trends in Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
pp. 284-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharathi N. Gopalsamy
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Storage Security ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Iot Devices

The central hypothesis of Internet of Things is the term “connectivity”. The IoT devices are connected to the Internet through a wide variety of communication technologies. This chapter explains the various technologies involved in IoT connectivity. The diversity in communication raises the query of which one to choose for the proposed application. The key objective of the application needs to be defined very clearly. The application features such as the power requirement, data size, storage, security and battery life highly influence the decision of selecting one or more communication technology. Near Field Communication is a good choice for short-range communication, whereas Wi-Fi can be opted for a larger range of coverage. Though Bluetooth is required for higher data rate, it is power hungry, but ZigBee is suitable for low power devices. There involves always the tradeoff between the technologies and the requirements. This chapter emphasizes that the goal of the application required to be more precise to decide the winner of the IoT connectivity technology that suits for it.

scholarly journals Beamforming Optimization in Internet of Things Applications Using Robust Swarm Algorithm in Conjunction with Connectable and Collaborative Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Zaki Hasan ◽  
Hussain Al-Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Node Selection ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Multihop Relaying ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) typically involves multihop relaying combined with sophisticated signal processing to serve as an information provider for several applications such as smart grids, industrial, and search-and-rescue operations. These applications entail deploying many sensors in environments that are often random which motivated the study of beamforming using random geometric topologies. This paper introduces a new algorithm for the synthesis of several geometries of Collaborative Beamforming (CB) of virtual sensor antenna arrays with maximum mainlobe and minimum sidelobe levels (SLL) as well as null control using Canonical Swarm Optimization (CPSO) algorithm. The optimal beampattern is achieved by optimizing the current excitation weights for uniform and non-uniform interelement spacings based on the network connectivity of the virtual antenna arrays using a node selection scheme. As compared to conventional beamforming, convex optimization, Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), the proposed CPSO achieves significant reduction in SLL, control of nulls, and increased gain in mainlobe directed towards the desired base station when the node selection technique is implemented with CB.

scholarly journals Near-Field Measurement of Six Degrees of Freedom Mining-Induced Tremors in Lower Silesian Copper Basin

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6801
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Fuławka ◽  
Witold Pytel ◽  
Bogumiła Pałac-Walko
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Wave ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Near Field ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rotational Component ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Impact

The impact of seismicity on structures is one of the key problems of civil engineering. According to recent knowledge, the reliable analysis should be based on both rotational and translational components of the seismic wave. To determine the six degrees of freedom (6-DoF) characteristic of mining-induced seismicity, two sets of seismic posts were installed in the Lower Silesian Copper Basin, Poland. Long-term continuous 6-DoF measurements were conducted with the use of the R-1 rotational seismometer and EP-300 translational seismometer. In result data collection, the waveforms generated by 39 high-energy seismic events were recorded. The characteristic of the rotational component of the seismic waves were described in terms of their amplitude and frequency characteristics and were compared with translational measurements. The analysis indicated that the characteristic of the rotational component of the seismic wave differs significantly in comparison to translational ones, both in terms of their amplitude and frequency distribution. Also, attenuation of rotational and translational components was qualitatively compared. Finally, the empirical formulas for seismic rotation prediction in the Lower Silesian Copper Basin were developed and validated.

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