scholarly journals EEG Classification of Motor Imagery Using a Novel Deep Learning Framework

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxi Dai ◽  
Dezhi Zheng ◽  
Rui Na ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Shuailei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Current State ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Channel Information

Successful applications of brain-computer interface (BCI) approaches to motor imagery (MI) are still limited. In this paper, we propose a classification framework for MI electroencephalogram (EEG) signals that combines a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture with a variational autoencoder (VAE) for classification. The decoder of the VAE generates a Gaussian distribution, so it can be used to fit the Gaussian distribution of EEG signals. A new representation of input was developed by combining the time, frequency, and channel information from the EEG signal, and the CNN-VAE method was designed and optimized accordingly for this form of input. In this network, the classification of the extracted CNN features is performed via the deep network VAE. Our framework, with an average kappa value of 0.564, outperforms the best classification method in the literature for BCI Competition IV dataset 2b with a 3% improvement. Furthermore, using our own dataset, the CNN-VAE framework also yields the best performance for both three-electrode and five-electrode EEGs and achieves the best average kappa values 0.568 and 0.603, respectively. Our results show that the proposed CNN-VAE method raises performance to the current state of the art.

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Network Classification of Motor-Related EEG: An Increase in Classification Accuracy by Reducing Signal Complexity

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Maksimenko ◽  
Semen A. Kurkin ◽  
Elena N. Pitsik ◽  
Vyacheslav Yu. Musatov ◽  
Anastasia E. Runnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Artificial Neural

We apply artificial neural network (ANN) for recognition and classification of electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns associated with motor imagery in untrained subjects. Classification accuracy is optimized by reducing complexity of input experimental data. From multichannel EEG recorded by the set of 31 electrodes arranged according to extended international 10-10 system, we select an appropriate type of ANN which reaches 80 ± 10% accuracy for single trial classification. Then, we reduce the number of the EEG channels and obtain an appropriate recognition quality (up to 73 ± 15%) using only 8 electrodes located in frontal lobe. Finally, we analyze the time-frequency structure of EEG signals and find that motor-related features associated with left and right leg motor imagery are more pronounced in the mu (8–13 Hz) and delta (1–5 Hz) brainwaves than in the high-frequency beta brainwave (15–30 Hz). Based on the obtained results, we propose further ANN optimization by preprocessing the EEG signals with a low-pass filter with different cutoffs. We demonstrate that the filtration of high-frequency spectral components significantly enhances the classification performance (up to 90 ± 5% accuracy using 8 electrodes only). The obtained results are of particular interest for the development of brain-computer interfaces for untrained subjects.

scholarly journals Classification of Motor Imagery Electroencephalography Signals Based on Image Processing Method

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4646
Author(s):  
Zhongye Chen ◽  
Yijun Wang ◽  
Zhongyan Song
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Image Subtraction ◽  
Noise Interference ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Temporal Localization

In recent years, more and more frameworks have been applied to brain-computer interface technology, and electroencephalogram-based motor imagery (MI-EEG) is developing rapidly. However, it is still a challenge to improve the accuracy of MI-EEG classification. A deep learning framework termed IS-CBAM-convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to address the non-stationary nature, the temporal localization of excitation occurrence, and the frequency band distribution characteristics of the MI-EEG signal in this paper. First, according to the logically symmetrical relationship between the C3 and C4 channels, the result of the time-frequency image subtraction (IS) for the MI-EEG signal is used as the input of the classifier. It both reduces the redundancy and increases the feature differences of the input data. Second, the attention module is added to the classifier. A convolutional neural network is built as the base classifier, and information on the temporal location and frequency distribution of MI-EEG signal occurrences are adaptively extracted by introducing the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM). This approach reduces irrelevant noise interference while increasing the robustness of the pattern. The performance of the framework was evaluated on BCI competition IV dataset 2b, where the mean accuracy reached 79.6%, and the average kappa value reached 0.592. The experimental results validate the feasibility of the framework and show the performance improvement of MI-EEG signal classification.

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