scholarly journals A Regulatory View on Smart City Services

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Weber ◽  
Ivana Podnar Žarko
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Crowd Sensing ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Smart Parking

Even though various commercial Smart City solutions are widely available on the market, we are still witnessing their rather limited adoption, where solutions are typically bound to specific verticals or remain in pilot stages. In this paper we argue that the lack of a Smart City regulatory framework is one of the major obstacles for a wider adoption of Smart City services in practice. Such framework should be accompanied by examples of good practice which stress the necessity of adopting interoperable Smart City services. Development and deployment of Smart City services can incur significant costs to cities, service providers and sensor manufacturers, and thus it is vital to adjust national legislation to ensure legal certainty to all stakeholders, and at the same time to protect interests of the citizens and the state. Additionally, due to a vast number of heterogeneous devices and Smart City services, both existing and future, their interoperability becomes vital for service replicability and massive deployment leading to digital transformation of future cities. The paper provides a classification of technical and regulatory characteristics of IoT services for Smart Cities which are mapped to corresponding roles in the IoT value chain. Four example use cases are chosen—Smart Parking, Smart Metering, Smart Street Lighting and Mobile Crowd Sensing—to showcase the legal implications relevant to each service. Based on the analysis, we propose a set of recommendations for each role in the value chain related to regulatory requirements of the aforementioned Smart City services. The analysis and recommendations serve as examples of good practice in hope that they will facilitate a wider adoption and longevity of IoT-based Smart City services.

Smart and Connected Cities Through Technologies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrushali Gajanan Kadam ◽  
Sharvari Chandrashekhar Tamane ◽  
Vijender Kumar Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Crowd Sensing ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Mobile Crowd

The world is growing and energy conservation is a very important challenge for the engineering domain. The emergence of smart cities is one possible solution for the same, as it claims that energy and resources are saved in the smart city infrastructure. This chapter is divided into five sections. Section 1 gives the past, present, and future of the living style. It gives the representation from rural, urban, to smart city. Section 2 gives the explanations of four pillars of big data, and through grid, a big data analysis is presented in the chapter. Section 3 started with the case study on smart grid. It comprises traffic congestion and their prospective solution through big data analytics. Section 4 starts from the mobile crowd sensing. It discusses a good elaboration on crowd sensing whereas Section 5 discusses the smart city approach. Important issues like lighting, parking, and traffic were taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Smart city initiatives in the context of digital transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Tomičić Pupek ◽  
Igor Pihir ◽  
Martina Tomičić Furjan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Private And Public

Digital transformation is an emerging trend in developing the way how the work is being done, and it is present in the private and public sector, in all industries and fields of work. Smart cities, as one of the concepts related to digital transformation, is usually seen as a matter of local governments, as it is their responsibility to ensure a better quality of life for the citizens. Some cities have already taken advantages of possibilities offered by the concept of smart cities, creating new values to all stakeholders interacting in the living city ecosystems, thus serving as examples of good practice, while others are still developing and growing on their intentions to become smart. This paper provides a structured literature analysis and investigates key scope, services and technologies related to smart cities and digital transformation as concepts of empowering social and collaboration interactions, in order to identify leading factors in most smart city initiatives.

Sustainable City Development: Implementation Practices in Riga

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1470-1476
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Zajacs ◽  
Jurgis Zemitis ◽  
Aleksejs Prozuments ◽  
Kristina Tihomirova ◽  
Anatolijs Borodinecs
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
City Development ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
The City

To develop potential of the cities in the field of energy efficiency improvements and use of renewables, there is a need for new and more ambitious goals in line with the actual situation. Growing concern of smart city development and urban resilience has become increasingly embedded in urban planning, national security and energy policy. One of the main city documents focused on actions and measures to be implemented in City is Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP), which is the key document in which the Covenant signatory outlines how it intends to reach its CO2 reduction target by 2020. Taking into account specifics of modern cities and future city development at Smart City level the existing SEAP should be enhanced. Nowadays it is necessary to bring existing standalone energy actions at cross sector level in order to ensure urban resilience. Currently there are 3414 cities across the Europe and eastern partners which already have developed SEAP. The paper draws attention to areas with high impact to smart city development. In terms of Smart Cities the most powerful actions are those which directly affect at least these three sectors - energy, ICT and transport. Paper provides some good practice examples from the city of Riga. The losses of the heat transmitted to consumers by JSC "Rigas Siltums" - main heat supplier of Riga have been decreased by 667 thous. MWh or 2.45 times in comparison to year 1996/1997. Following the completion of reconstruction of the boiler houses, construction of a biofuel fired water heating boiler, construction of the biofuel fired cogeneration plant, installation of flue gas condensers for biofuel fired boilers at the DHP the share of biofuel utilization within the fuel balance of the JSC „RĪGAS SILTUMS” will reach 20.4% in fiscal year 2013/2014. The total energy produced from renewable energy sources since 01.01.1996 until 8.04.2014 is 920463.107 MWh. The project “Heat meters automatic remote reading system” proved to be a successful and reliable solution for the control and accounting of consumed heat, as well as related tasks enabling “online communication” with 8000 individual heating units throughout the Riga city. Development and introduction of electric cars and filling station infrastructure in Riga was one more step on the way to the SMART CITY status. Despite a fairly long payback period electric cars are quite beneficial solution for some companies whose activities are related with vehicles’ high mileage within the city as LLC “Rigas Satiksme

scholarly journals Study and Research on IoT and Big Data Analysis for Smart City Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Yu ◽  
Ion Cosmin Mihai ◽  
Anand Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
City Development ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Time Required

With the development of smart meters, like Internet of Things (IoT), various kinds of electronic devices are equipped with each smart city. The several aspects of smart cities are accessible and these technologies enable us to be smarter. The utilization of the smart systems is very quick and valuable source to fulfill the requirement of city development. There are interconnection between various IoT devices and huge amount of data is generated when they communicate each other over the internet. It is very challenging task to effectively integrate the IoT services and processing big data. Therefore, a system for smart city development is proposed in this paper which is based on the IoT utilizing the analytics of big data. A complete system is proposed which includes various types of IoT-based smart systems like smart home, vehicular networking, and smart parking etc., for data generation. The Hadoop ecosystem is utilized for the implementation of the proposed system. The evaluation of the system is done in terms of throughput and processing time. The proposed technique is 20% to 65% better than the existing techniques in terms of time required for processing. In terms of obtained throughput, the proposed technique outperforms the existing technique by 20% to 60%.

scholarly journals Role and Importance of IoT in the Smart City and E-Governance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD SAQIB ◽  
Nadia Al-Muqrashi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Smart Cameras ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the recent years, developments growth have been rising in utilizing of recent technologies; Smart cities have been furnished with various electronic devices concentrated on the Internet of Things (IoT) to be more smarter than before. The Internet of Things is empowered by various emerging technologies such as smart cameras, sensors, wireless communication devices etc. Smart cities are huge systems connected with countless sub-systems, and these systems are depending on the electricity to move the human, things, and data to share information. Without electric power and Internet of Things, the smart city cannot be achieved and services cannot be provided. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive concept of IoT, the smart city as well as the relationship of Smart Cities to IoT. Moreover, an extensive review of the relationship of IoT to the smart city discussed with few instances of services provided by the government using IoT technologies for the citizens. Therefore the objects and applications which come under the IoT technology that can be used to meet the objective of having a smart city. In this paper, a thorough literature on the concept of IoT with Smart City and a brief comparison of it in terms of services, challenges, and issues are discussed. Also the discussion on the issues faced by service providers with regards to technologies used to equip the citizens with up to date services.

An Intelligent Parking System in Smart Cities Using IoT

2018 ◽  
pp. 155-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amardeep Das ◽  
Prasant Kumar Dash ◽  
Brojo Kishore Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Telecommunications Network ◽  
Wireless Broadband ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking

Smart City is the product of accelerated development of the new generation information technology and knowledge-based economy, based on the network combination of the Internet, telecommunications network, broadcast network, wireless broadband network and other sensors networks where Internet of Things technology (IoT) as its core. Traffic congestion caused by vehicle is an alarming problem at a global scale and it has been growing exponentially. Searching for a parking space is a routine (and often frustrating) activity for many people in cities around the world. This search burns about one million barrels of the world's oil every day. A smart Parking system typically obtains information about available parking spaces in a particular geographic area and process is real-time to place vehicles at available positions. In our proposed chapter, we will be discussing the advanced features of IoT in order to development an intelligent parking management system in a smart city i.e. called as Smart Parking system.

Smart Parking in Smart Cities Using Secure IoT

2021 ◽  
pp. 1484-1507
Author(s):  
G. Indra Navaroj ◽  
E.Golden Julie
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Parking System ◽  
User Data ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
The City ◽  
Privacy Issues

The city is transforming into the smart city using information and communication technology (ICT), and the major role in economic development is building an infrastructure to enable greater connectivity between citizen service, energy, economics, and government. A smart city can monitor the real-world scenario in real time and support the intelligent services to both locals and travelers. Due to urbanization, people move from village to city. Increase the population in city also causes an increase in vehicles. Here, parking the vehicle securely is a challenging problem. In a smart parking system, all the devices are connected to the internet. Hackers and third parties easily access the user data or sensitive data. Smart parking system application controls the traffic, air pollution, and city functions making it easy to park the vehicle and reduce accidents. Many of the problems arise in the security and privacy of the sensitive data. In this chapter, the authors discuss security and privacy issues in smart parking systems using IoT.

scholarly journals Cyberattacks Detection in IoT-Based Smart City Applications Using Machine Learning Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Joarder Kamruzzaman ◽  
Mohammad Mehedi Hassan ◽  
Tasadduq Imam ◽  
Steven Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Iot Devices

In recent years, the widespread deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications has contributed to the development of smart cities. A smart city utilizes IoT-enabled technologies, communications and applications to maximize operational efficiency and enhance both the service providers’ quality of services and people’s wellbeing and quality of life. With the growth of smart city networks, however, comes the increased risk of cybersecurity threats and attacks. IoT devices within a smart city network are connected to sensors linked to large cloud servers and are exposed to malicious attacks and threats. Thus, it is important to devise approaches to prevent such attacks and protect IoT devices from failure. In this paper, we explore an attack and anomaly detection technique based on machine learning algorithms (LR, SVM, DT, RF, ANN and KNN) to defend against and mitigate IoT cybersecurity threats in a smart city. Contrary to existing works that have focused on single classifiers, we also explore ensemble methods such as bagging, boosting and stacking to enhance the performance of the detection system. Additionally, we consider an integration of feature selection, cross-validation and multi-class classification for the discussed domain, which has not been well considered in the existing literature. Experimental results with the recent attack dataset demonstrate that the proposed technique can effectively identify cyberattacks and the stacking ensemble model outperforms comparable models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-Score, implying the promise of stacking in this domain.

scholarly journals A Novel Smart City using IoT and Open Source Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4633-4637
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Smart Environment ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
The People ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Smart Agriculture

Through IoT the cities are envisioned into smart cities. The IoT technology is deployed essentially in prevalence of all the applications and is playing a compelling role in day to day liveliness. The Smart cities integrated with the IoT technology can intensify to unravel the contention of the people. The considerable issues in the cities such as smart home automation, smart parking, smart agriculture, smart street lights and smart environment monitoring are addressed in this article. The smart city is refined with the open source technology. The information accumulated from peculiar devices and sensors is received to the Thing speak server and the representatives will visualize the data and engage in required action to take place. The prime aspiration of this article is to emphasize the obstacles in the smart cities. The features of the smart city are enhanced and give a provision to utilize IoT technology

Dubai and Barcelona as Smart Cities: Some Reflections on Data Protection Law and Privacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Radwan Eskhita ◽  
Vijaya Kittu Manda ◽  
Arbia Hlali
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Shared Data ◽  
Data Protection Law

This study introduces a descriptive analysis to carry out the transformation of the Dubai smart city as a case study in the GCC region with reference to the Barcelona smart city. Furthermore, to investigate how the Dubai smart city will deal with the huge amount of the collected personal data through Internet of Things devices and applications. The theoretical analysis shows that the Barcelona smart city can be represented as an effective model, its innovations recommends to be used in Dubai smart city. The analysis founds that the classification of the collected data inside smart city to open and shared data did not provide sufficient privacy for personal data. Therefore, the personal data should be classified explicitly in order to be processed separately under the rules of the data protection law.

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