scholarly journals Visual-Acoustic Sensor-Aided Sorting Efficiency Optimization of Automotive Shredder Polymer Residues Using Circularity Determination

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiu Huang ◽  
Chaorong Xu ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Zhu ◽  
Longfei Xing
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
New Method ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Acoustic Frequency ◽  
Sorting Efficiency ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

To reduce the emissions and weight of vehicles, manufacturers are incorporating polymer materials into vehicles, and this has increased the difficulty in recycling End-of-Life vehicles (ELVs). About 25–30% (mass) of an ELV crushed mixture is the unrecyclable material known as automotive shredder residues (ASRs), and most of the vehicle polymers are concentrated in this fraction. Thus, these vehicle polymers are conventionally disposed of in landfills at a high risk to the environment. The only way to solve this problem is through the development of a novel separation and recycling mechanism for ASRs. Our previous research reported a novel sensor-aided single-scrap-oriented sorting method that uses laser-triangulation imaging combined with impact acoustic frequency recognition for sorting crushed ASR plastics, and we proved its feasibility. However, the sorting efficiencies were still limited, since, in previous studies, the method used for scrap size determination was mechanical sieving, resulting in many deviations. In this paper, a new method based on three-dimensional (3D) imaging and circularity analysis is proposed to determine the equivalent particle size with much greater accuracy by avoiding the issues that are presented by the irregularity of crushed scraps. In this research, two kinds of commonly used vehicle plastics, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and polypropylene (PP), and their corresponding composite materials, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/polycarbonate (ABS/PC) and polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (PP/EPDM), were studied. When compared with our previous study, with this new method, the sorting efficiency increased, with PP and PP/EPDM and ABS and ABS/PC achieving about 15% and 20% and 70% and 90%, respectively. The sorting efficiency of ASR polymer scraps can be optimized significantly by using sensor-aided 3D image measurement and circularity analysis.

scholarly journals Creación de implantes 3D en procesos de conservación y restauración de vidrio arqueológico

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Díaz-Marín ◽  
Elvira Aura-Castro
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Glass Bowl ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This article describes the restoration of a glass bowl from the 16th-17thcentury by creating its three-dimensional (3D)model. The final purpose is to work with this model in order to avoid damaging situations that are associated with the manipulation of fragile objects. The gap areas, those corresponding to the missing fragments not found in the excavation, were carried out by constructing digital implants. A restricted area of the 3D model has been duplicated in order to accommodate it to confined intervals of the gap. The final implants were printed with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament. These implants replace the lost areas and give stability back to the item by recovering the original morphology. The result can be compared with the outcome obtained by a traditional process, but differs due to the fact that requires minimum manipulation of the item, so it can contribute to preserve and safeguard the restored object. This is a non-invasive method which is offered as an alternative treatment, where the archaeological object is replaced by its virtual model in the steps of the process after 3D data acquisition. Significant differences have not been found in the 3D printing results obtained with the two types of filaments tested (white and clear).

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Printing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Microreactors for Photocatalytic Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (47) ◽  
pp. 20686-20692
Author(s):  
Aarón Cabrera ◽  
Ismael Pellejero ◽  
Tamara Oroz-Mateo ◽  
Cristina Salazar ◽  
Alberto Navajas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

scholarly journals Modelling and Investigation of Crack Growth for 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) with Various Printing Parameters and Ambient Temperatures

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3737
Author(s):  
Yousef Lafi A. Alshammari ◽  
Feiyang He ◽  
Muhammad A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Nozzle Size ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the significant industrial manufacturing methods in the modern era. Many materials are used for 3D printing; however, as the most used material in fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) offers good mechanical properties. It is perfect for making structures for industrial applications in complex environments. Three-dimensional printing parameters, including building orientation, layers thickness, and nozzle size, critically affect the crack growth in FDM structures under complex loads. Therefore, this paper used the dynamic bending vibration test to investigate their influence on fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate under dynamic loads and the Paris power law constant C and m. The paper proposed an analytical solution to determine the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip based on the measurement of structural dynamic response. The experimental results show that the lower ambient temperature, as well as increased nozzle size and layer thickness, provide a lower FCG rate. The printing orientation, which is the same as loading, also slows the crack growth. The linear regression between these parameters and Paris Law’s coefficient also proves the same conclusion.

scholarly journals Fused Particle Fabrication 3-D Printing: Recycled Materials’ Optimization and Mechanical Properties

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Woern ◽  
Dennis Byard ◽  
Robert Oakley ◽  
Matthew Fiedler ◽  
Samantha Snabes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Print Materials ◽  
Two Temperature ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Fused particle fabrication (FPF) (or fused granular fabrication (FGF)) has potential for increasing recycled polymers in 3-D printing. Here, the open source Gigabot X is used to develop a new method to optimize FPF/FGF for recycled materials. Virgin polylactic acid (PLA) pellets and prints were analyzed and were then compared to four recycled polymers including the two most popular printing materials (PLA and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) as well as the two most common waste plastics (polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP)). The size characteristics of the various materials were quantified using digital image processing. Then, power and nozzle velocity matrices were used to optimize the print speed, and a print test was used to maximize the output for a two-temperature stage extruder for a given polymer feedstock. ASTM type 4 tensile tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of each plastic when they were printed with a particle drive extruder system and were compared with filament printing. The results showed that the Gigabot X can print materials 6.5× to 13× faster than conventional printers depending on the material, with no significant reduction in the mechanical properties. It was concluded that the Gigabot X and similar FPF/FGF printers can utilize a wide range of recycled polymer materials with minimal post processing.

scholarly journals Geometric accuracy of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene canine tibia model fabricated using fused deposition modelling and the effects of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Pin Hsu ◽  
Chen-Si Lin ◽  
Chun-Hao Fan ◽  
Nai-Yuan Chiang ◽  
Ching-Wen Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Geometric Accuracy ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Gas Plasma ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract Background Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have been used to produce anatomical models and surgical guiding instruments in orthopaedic surgery. The geometric accuracy of the 3D printed replica may affect surgical planning. This study assessed the geometric accuracy of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) canine tibia model printed using fused deposition modelling (FDM) and evaluated its morphological change after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gas plasma sterilisation. The tibias of six canine cadavers underwent computed tomography for 3D reconstruction. Tibia models were fabricated from ABS on a 3D printer through FDM. Reverse-engineering technology was used to compare morphological errors (root mean square; RMS) between the 3D-FDM models and virtual models segmented from original tibia images (3D-CT) and between the models sterilised with H2O2 gas plasma (3D-GAS) and 3D-FDM models on tibia surface and in cross-sections at: 5, 15, 25, 50, 75, 85, and 95% of the tibia length. Results The RMS mean ± standard deviation and average positive and negative deviation values for all specimens in EFDM-CT (3D-FDM vs. 3D-CT) were significantly higher than those in EGAS-FDM (3D-GAS vs. 3D-FDM; P < 0.0001). Mean RMS values for EFDM-CT at 5% bone length (proximal tibia) were significantly higher than those at the other six cross-sections (P < 0.0001). Mean RMS differences for EGAS-FDM at all seven cross-sections were nonsignificant. Conclusions The tibia models fabricated on an FDM printer had high geometric accuracy with a low RMS value. The surface deviation in EFDM-CT indicated that larger errors occurred during manufacturing than during sterilisation. Therefore, the model may be used for surgical rehearsal and further clinically relevant applications in bone surgery. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Shape accuracy of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene canine tibia model fabricated using fused deposition modelling and the effects of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Pin Hsu ◽  
Chen-Si Lin ◽  
Chun-Hao Fan ◽  
Nai-Yuan Chiang ◽  
Ching-Wen Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Gas Plasma ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract Background Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have been used for anatomical models and surgical guiding instruments in orthopaedic surgery. The accuracy of these surgical guiding tools is important for obtaining good clinical outcomes. This study assessed the shape accuracy of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) canine tibia model printed using fused deposition modelling (FDM) and evaluated its morphological change after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gas plasma sterilisation. The tibias of six canine cadavers underwent computed tomography for 3D reconstruction. Tibia models were fabricated from ABS on a 3D printer through FDM. Reverse-engineering technology was used to compare morphological errors (root mean square; RMS) between the 3D-FDM models and virtual models segmented from original tibia images (3D-CT) and between the models sterilised with H2O2 gas plasma (3D-GAS) and 3D-FDM models on tibia surface and in cross-sections at: 5%, 15%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 85%, and 95% of the tibia length. Results The RMS mean ± standard deviation and average positive and negative deviation values for all specimens in G1 (3D-FDM vs. 3D-CT) were significantly higher than those in G2 (3D-GAS vs. 3D-FDM; P < 0.0001). Mean RMS values for G1 at 5% bone length (proximal tibia) were significantly higher than those at the other six cross-sections (P < 0.0001). Mean RMS differences for G2 at all seven cross-sections were nonsignificant. Conclusions Our tibia model fabricated on an FDM printer had high shape accuracy with a low RMS value. The surface deviation in G1 indicated that larger errors occurred during manufacturing than during sterilisation. Therefore, the model may be clinically acceptable for bone surgery and surgical rehearsal.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Image Quality Evaluation and Optimization Based on Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1049
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Image ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Image Quality Evaluation ◽  
Global And Local

Currently, three-dimensional (3D) imaging has been successfully applied in medical health, movie viewing, games, and military. To make 3D images more pleasant to the eyes, the accurate judgement of image quality becomes the key step in content preparation, compression, and transmission in 3D imaging. However, there is not yet a satisfactory evaluation method that objectively assesses the quality of 3D images. To solve the problem, this paper explores the evaluation and optimization of 3D image quality based on convolutional neural network (CNN). Specifically, a 3D image quality evaluation model was constructed, and a 3D image quality evaluation algorithm was proposed based on global and local features. Next, the authors expounded on the preprocessing steps of salient regions in images, depicted the fusion process between global and local quality evaluations, and provided the way to process 3D image samples and acquire contrast-distorted images. The proposed algorithm was proved effective through experiments.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene TiO2 and ATO Nanocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nectarios Vidakis ◽  
Markos Petousis ◽  
Athena Maniadi ◽  
Emmanuel Koudoumas ◽  
Marco Liebscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Sno2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In order to enhance the mechanical performance of three-dimensional (3D) printed structures fabricated via commercially available fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers, novel nanocomposite filaments were produced herein following a melt mixing process, and further 3D printed and characterized. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Antimony (Sb) doped Tin Oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs), hereafter denoted as ATO, were selected as fillers for a polymeric acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic matrix at various weight % (wt%) concentrations. Tensile and flexural test specimens were 3D printed, according to international standards. It was proven that TiO2 filler enhanced the overall tensile strength by 7%, the flexure strength by 12%, and the micro-hardness by 6%, while for the ATO filler, the corresponding values were 9%, 13%, and 6% respectively, compared to unfilled ABS. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the size of TiO2 (40 ± 10 nm) and ATO (52 ± 11 nm) NPs. Raman spectroscopy was performed for the TiO2 and ATO NPs as well as for the 3D printed nanocomposites to verify the polymer structure and the incorporated TiO2 and ATO nanocrystallites in the polymer matrix. The scope of this work was to fabricate novel nanocomposite filaments using commercially available materials with enhanced overall mechanical properties that industry can benefit from.

The Mould Design of the Car’s Oil Strainer Based on Pro/E

2011 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Ya Lan Zhang ◽  
Li Feng Wu ◽  
Kun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
High Polymer ◽  
Injection Mould ◽  
Design Efficiency ◽  
Styrene Copolymer ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Mould Design ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Using the software of PRO/E, the technology of CAD and the high polymer material of the blending system consisting of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) which is rubber-modified copolymer, we can develop the oil strainer of automobile and the three-dimensional design about the injection mould in order to shorten the development cycle and to improve the design efficiency.

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