scholarly journals Extracellular Electrophysiology in the Prostate Cancer Cell Model PC-3

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Cabello ◽  
Haobo Ge ◽  
Carmen Aracil ◽  
Despina Moschou ◽  
Pedro Estrela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Depth Analysis

Although prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the male population, its basic biological function at a cellular level remains to be fully understood. This lack of in depth understanding of its physiology significantly hinders the development of new, targeted and more effective treatment strategies. Whilst electrophysiological studies can provide in depth analysis, the possibility of recording electrical activity in large populations of non-neuronal cells remains a significant challenge, even harder to address in the picoAmpere-range, which is typical of cellular level electrical activities. In this paper, we present the measurement and characterization of electrical activity of populations of prostate cancer cells PC-3, demonstrating for the first time a meaningful electrical pattern. The low noise system used comprises a multi-electrode array (MEA) with circular gold electrodes on silicon oxide substrates. The extracellular capacitive currents present two standard patterns: an asynchronous sporadic pattern and a synchronous quasi-periodic biphasic spike pattern. An amplitude of ±150 pA, a width between 50–300 ms and an inter-spike interval around 0.5 Hz characterize the quasi-periodic spikes. Our experiments using treatment of cells with Gd3⁺, known as an inhibitor for the Ca2⁺ exchanges, suggest that the quasi-periodic signals originate from Ca2⁺ channels. After adding the Gd3⁺ to a population of living PC-3 cells, their electrical activity considerably decreased; once the culture was washed, thus eliminating the Gd3⁺ containing medium and addition of fresh cellular growth medium, the PC-3 cells recovered their normal electrical activity. Cellular viability plots have been carried out, demonstrating that the PC-3 cells remain viable after the use of Gd3⁺, on the timescale of this experiment. Hence, this experimental work suggests that Ca2⁺ is significantly affecting the electrophysiological communication pattern among PC-3 cell populations. Our measuring platform opens up new avenues for real time and highly sensitive investigations of prostate cancer signalling pathways.

The correlation between lipid metabolism disorders and the prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Dłubek ◽  
Jacek Rysz ◽  
Zbigniew Jabłonowski ◽  
Anna Gluba-Brzózka ◽  
Beata Franczyk
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Atp Citrate Lyase ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders

: Prostate cancer is second most common cancer affecting male population all over the world. The existence of a correlation between lipid metabolism disorders and cancer of the prostate gland has been widely known for a long time. According to hypotheses, cholesterol may contribute to prostate cancer progression as a result of its participation as a signalling molecule in prostate growth and differentiation via numerous biologic mechanisms including Akt signalling and de novo steroidogenesis. The results of some studies suggest that increased cholesterol levels may be associated with higher risk of more aggressive course of disease. The aforementioned alterations in the synthesis of fatty acids are a unique feature of cancer and, therefore, it constitutes an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of prostate cancer. Pharmacological or gene therapy aimed to reduce the activity of enzymes involved in de novo synthesis of fatty acids, FASN, ACLY (ATP citrate lyase) or SCD-1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase) in particular, may result in cells growth arrest. Nevertheless, not all cancers are unequivocally associated with hypocholesterolaemia. It cannot be ruled out that the relationship between prostate cancer and lipid disorders is not a direct quantitative correlation between carcinogenesis and the amount of the circulating cholesterol. Perhaps the correspondence is more sophisticated and connected to the distribution of cholesterol fractions, or even sub-fractions of e.g. HDL cholesterol.

Handbook of Electrogastrography

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Gastric Dysrhythmias ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Section ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The Handbook of Electrogastrography is the first textbook dedicated to reviewing the physiology of gastric myelectrical activity and the measurement of this electrical activity with electrodes placed on the abdominal surface - the electrogastrogram. The Handbook is divided into three major sections. The first section (Chapters 1-3) focuses on the history of electrogastrography, electrical activity of the interstitial cells of Cajal, the cells from which gastric electrical rhythmicity emanates. The cellular level of gastric electrical rhythmicity provides an understanding of the physiological basis of the electrogastrogram signal. The second major section of the book (Chapters 4-6) incorporates the practical aspects of recording a high quality electrogastrogram and approaches to the analysis of the electrogastrogram using visual inspection and computer techniques. This section focuses on the authors' combined experience of examining EGG recordings for more than sixty years. From this rich research and clinical experience, the clinical application of EGG recordings in an approach to patients with unexplained nausea and vomiting is described. Neuromuscular disorders of the stomach involving gastric dysrhythmias are reviewed. The third major section of the book (Chapters 7-9) comprises many examples of gastric dysrythmias ranging from bradygastrias to tachygastrias and mixed dysrythmias. Current understanding of the mechanisms of gastric dysrhythmias is reviewed. Artifacts in the EGG signal, which may be confused with gastric dysrhythmias, are also presented. The Handbook of Electrogastrography will be a valuable reference for physicians interested in recording gastric electrical activity in clinical practices or in clinical research. Gastroenterologists, internists, psychologists and others with an interest in gastric myoelectrical events will also find extensive and relevant information for recording and interpreting EGGs in the Handbook.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea as the First Symptom of Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110167
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ostrowska ◽  
Maciej J. Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
Prostate Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhoea

The most common cause of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is damage to the skull base with a dura mater’s rupture due to an accident or an iatrogenic injury. This applies to over 96% of cases. Other possibilities that can lead to CSF leakage are neoplasms of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. Although prostate cancer spreads to bones, cranial metastases to paranasal sinuses are extremely rare. We present a case of an 83-year-old patient with CSF leakage due to infiltrating metastatic prostate cancer. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea turned out to be the first symptom of prostate cancer metastasis. Diagnostic and treatment strategies are presented in the discussion.

scholarly journals Can mean ADC value and ADC ratio of benign prostate tissue to prostate cancer assist in the prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer within the PI-RADSv2 scoring system?

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Ramzy Ragheb ◽  
Reem Hassan Bassiouny
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to investigate whether quantitative DW metrics can provide additive value to the reliable categorization of lesions within existing PI-RADSv2 guidelines. Fifty-eight patients with clinically suspicious prostate cancer who underwent PR examination, PSA serum levels, sextant TRUS-guided biopsies, and bi-parametric MR imaging were included in the study. Results Sixty-six lesions were detected by histopathological analysis of surgical specimens. The mean ADC values were significantly lower in tumor than non-tumor tissue. The mean ADC value inversely correlated with Gleason score of tumors with a significant p value < 0.001.Conversely, a positive relationship was found between the ADC ratio (ADC of benign prostatic tissue to prostate cancer) and the pathologic Gleason score with a significant elevation of the ADC ratio along with an increase of the pathologic Gleason score (p < 0.001). ROC curves constructed for the tumor ADC and ADC ratio helped to distinguish pathologically aggressive (Gleason score ≥ 7) from non-aggressive (Gleason score ≤ 6) tumors and to correlate it with PIRADSv2 scoring to predict the presence of clinically significant PCA (PIRADSv2 DW ≥ 4). The ability of the tumor ADC and ADC ratio to predict highly aggressive tumors (GS> 7) was high (AUC for ADC and ADC ratio, 0.946 and 0.897; p = 0.014 and 0.039, respectively). The ADC cut-off value for GS ≥ 7 was < 0.7725 and for GS ≤ 6 was > 0.8620 with sensitivity and specificity 97 and 94%. The cutoff ADC ratio for predicting (GS > 7) was 1.42 and for GS ≤ 6 was > 1.320 with sensitivity and specificity 97 and 92%. By applying this ADC ratio cut-off value the sensitivity and specificity of reader 1 for correct categorization of PIRADSv2 DW > 4 increased from 90 and 68% to 95 and 90% and that of reader 2 increased from 94 and 88% to 97 and 92%, respectively. Conclusion Estimation of DW metrics (ADC and ADC ratio between benign prostatic tissue and prostate cancer) allow the non-invasive assessment of biological aggressiveness of prostate cancer and allow reliable application of the PIRADSv2 scoring to determine clinically significant cancer (DW score > 4) which may contribute in planning initial treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Interpretable Artificial Intelligence Model to Predict 10-Year Prostate Cancer Mortality

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3064
Author(s):  
Jean-Emmanuel Bibault ◽  
Steven Hancock ◽  
Mark K. Buyyounouski ◽  
Hilary Bagshaw ◽  
John T. Leppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Prostate Cancer Treatment ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Prostate Cancer Mortality ◽  
Development And Validation

Prostate cancer treatment strategies are guided by risk-stratification. This stratification can be difficult in some patients with known comorbidities. New models are needed to guide strategies and determine which patients are at risk of prostate cancer mortality. This article presents a gradient-boosting model to predict the risk of prostate cancer mortality within 10 years after a cancer diagnosis, and to provide an interpretable prediction. This work uses prospective data from the PLCO Cancer Screening and selected patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer. During follow-up, 8776 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The dataset was randomly split into a training (n = 7021) and testing (n = 1755) dataset. Accuracy was 0.98 (±0.01), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic was 0.80 (±0.04). This model can be used to support informed decision-making in prostate cancer treatment. AI interpretability provides a novel understanding of the predictions to the users.

scholarly journals Relationship between XPD, RAD51, and APEX1 DNA repair genotypes and prostate cancer risk in the male population of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sheila Cypriano ◽  
Gilda Alves ◽  
Antonio Augusto Ornellas ◽  
José Scheinkman ◽  
Renata Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Male Population

scholarly journals Iron Supplements Containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v Increase Ferric Iron and Up-regulate the Ferric Reductase DCYTB in Human Caco-2/HT29 MTX Co-Cultures

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg ◽  
Gunilla Önning ◽  
Niklas Engström ◽  
Nathalie Scheers
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Lactic Fermentation

Several human interventions have indicated that Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum 299v) increases intestinal iron absorption. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible effects of L. plantarum 299v on the mechanisms of iron absorption on the cellular level. We have previously shown that lactic fermentation of vegetables increased iron absorption in humans. It was revealed that the level of ferric iron [Fe (H2O)5]2+ was increased after fermentation. Therefore, we used voltammetry to measure the oxidation state of iron in simulated gastrointestinal digested oat and mango drinks and capsule meals containing L. plantarum 299v. We also exposed human intestinal co-cultures of enterocytes and goblet cells (Caco-2/HT29 MTX) to the supplements in order to study the effect on proteins possibly involved (MUC5AC, DCYTB, DMT1, and ferritin). We detected an increase in ferric iron in the digested meals and drinks containing L. plantarum 299v. In the intestinal cell model, we observed that the ferric reductase DCYTB increased in the presence of L. plantarum 299v, while the production of mucin (MUC5AC) decreased independently of L. plantarum 299v. In conclusion, the data suggest that the effect of L. plantarum 299v on iron metabolism is mediated through driving the Fe3+/DCYTB axis.

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