scholarly journals Practical Guidelines for Approaching the Implementation of Neural Networks on FPGA for PAPR Reduction in Vehicular Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid Louliej ◽  
Younes Jabrane ◽  
Víctor P. Gil Jiménez ◽  
Ana García Armada
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Large Power ◽  
High Power Amplifier ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Lower Complexity

Nowadays, the sensor community has become wireless, increasing their potential and applications. In particular, these emerging technologies are promising for vehicles’ communications (V2V) to dramatically reduce the number of fatal roadway accidents by providing early warnings. The ECMA-368 wireless communication standard has been developed and used in wireless sensor networks and it is also proposed to be used in vehicular networks. It adopts Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) technology to transmit data. However, the large power envelope fluctuation of OFDM signals limits the power efficiency of the High Power Amplifier (HPA) due to nonlinear distortion. This is especially important for mobile broadband wireless and sensors in vehicular networks. Many algorithms have been proposed for solving this drawback. However, complexity and implementations are usually an issue in real developments. In this paper, the implementation of a novel architecture based on multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip is evaluated and some guidelines are drawn suitable for vehicular communications. The proposed implementation improves performance in terms of Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction, distortion and Bit Error Rate (BER) with much lower complexity. Two different chips have been used, namely, Xilinx and Altera and a comparison is also provided. As a conclusion, the proposed implementation allows a minimal consumption of the resources jointly with a higher maximum frequency, higher performance and lower complexity.

scholarly journals Performance and Implementation Evaluation of TR PAPR Reduction Methods for DVB-T2

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Mroué ◽  
Amor Nafkha ◽  
Jacques Palicot ◽  
Benjamin Gavalda ◽  
Nelly Dagorne
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
High Power Amplifier ◽  
Reduction Methods

High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is a critical issue in multicarrier communication systems using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), as in the Second Generation Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T2) system. This problem can result in large performance degradation due to the nonlinearity of the High Power Amplifier (HPA) or in its low power efficiency. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of different Tone Reservation-based techniques for PAPR reduction in DVB-T2 context. Also, we propose an iterative TR-based technique called “One Kernel One Peak” (OKOP). Simulation results and performance comparison of these techniques in terms of gain in PAPR reduction, mean power variation, and complexity will be given. Finally, we describe the implementation of a PAPR reduction algorithm in the DVB-T2 modulator.

scholarly journals A Novel Hybrid Precoding-Companding Technique for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in 5G and beyond

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mounir ◽  
Mohamed B. El_Mashade ◽  
Salah Berra ◽  
Gurjot Singh Gaba ◽  
Mehedi Masud
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Hybrid Precoding ◽  
High Power Amplifier ◽  
Reduction Techniques

Several high-speed wireless systems use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) due to its advantages. 5G has adopted OFDM and is expected to be considered beyond 5G (B5G). Meanwhile, OFDM has a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem. Hybridization between two PAPR reduction techniques gains the two techniques’ advantages. Hybrid precoding-companding techniques are attractive as they require small computational complexity to achieve high PAPR reduction gain. Many precoding-companding techniques were introduced to increasing the PAPR reduction gain. However, reducing Bit Error Rate (BER) and out-of-band (OOB) radiation are more significant than increasing PAPR reduction gain. This paper proposes a new precoding-companding technique to better reduce the BER and OOB radiation than previous precoding-companding techniques. Results showed that the proposed technique outperforms all previous precoding-companding techniques in BER enhancement and OOB radiation reduction. The proposed technique reduces the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) by 15 dB compared with 10 dB for the best previous technique. Additionally, the proposed technique increases high power amplifier efficiency (HPA) by 11.4%, while the best previous technique increased HPA efficiency by 9.8%. Moreover, our proposal achieves PAPR reduction gain better than the most known powerful PAPR reduction technique with a 99% reduction in required computational complexity.

A Hybrid Method to Reduce PAPR of OFDM to Support 5G Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-257
Author(s):  
Bhavana D. ◽  
Adada Neelothpala ◽  
Pamidimukkala Kalpana
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
High Peak ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Digital Subscriber Line ◽  
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ◽  
High Power Amplifier

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation scheme used for the transfer of multimedia data. Well-known systems like ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line) internet, wireless local area networks (LANs), long-term evolution (LTE), and 5G technologies use OFDM. The major limitation of OFDM is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). High PAPR lowers the power efficiency, thus impeding the implementation of OFDM. The PAPR problem is more significant in an uplink. A high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) occurs due to large envelope fluctuations in OFDM signal and requires a highly linear high-power amplifier (HPA). Power amplifiers with a large linear range are expensive, bulky, and difficult to manufacture. In order to reduce the PAPR, a hybrid technique is proposed in this chapter with repeated clipping and filtering (RCF) and precoding techniques. The proposed method is improving the PAPR as well as BER. Five types of pre-coding techniques are used and then compared with each other.

scholarly journals Design of an Adaptive Predistorter for Solid State Power Amplifier in Wireless OFDM Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui J. P. de Figueiredo ◽  
Lin Fang ◽  
Byung Moo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Ofdm Systems ◽  
High Power Amplifier ◽  
Ofdm Signals

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a powerful modulation choice for wideband wireless communication systems. However, its high peak-to-average power ratio greatly limits the high power amplifier (HPA) power efficiency. Here, we present the design of an adaptive predistorter to compensate the distortion caused by the HPA. Specifically, we deal with the implementation issue of the proposed predistorter in Lee and de Figueiredo's work (2006). The performance improvement by predistorter is verified by both floating-point simulation and fixed-point simulation, where the latter includes the distortion effects from the hardware. The bit widths for OFDM signals, ADC, and DAC are evaluated, and the bit width of 10 is shown to be sufficient for the hardware design.

PAPR Reduction for Improved Efficiency of OFDM Modulation for Next Generation Communication Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2310
Author(s):  
Shatrughna Prasad Yadav ◽  
Subhash Chandra Bera
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
High Power Amplifier ◽  
Saturation Region

<p>Highly linear power amplifiers are required for transferring   large amount of data for future communication. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) provides high data rate transmission capability with robustness to radio channel impairments. It has been widely accepted for future communication for different services. But, it suffers from high value of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). High value of PAPR drives high power amplifier into its saturation region and causes it to operate in the nonlinear region.  In this paper, comparative study of four different PAPR reduction techniques: clipping and filtering (CF), selective mapping  method (SLM), partial transmit sequence (PTS) and DFT- spread technique  have been done. Mathematical modeling and Matlab simulations have been performed to arrive at the results with 4 QAM modulation format and 1024 number of sub carriers. At 0.01 % of complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) significant reduction of 11.3, 3.5, 3.4 and 1.0 dB have been obtained with DFT- spread, SLM, PTS and CF techniques respectively.</p>

PAPR Reduction in OFDM System Using Hybrid OICF and Phase Rotation Scheme

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Bhatia ◽  
Vivek Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Frequency Division ◽  
Ofdm Systems ◽  
Ofdm System ◽  
Linear Region ◽  
High Power Amplifier ◽  
Phase Rotation ◽  
Rotation Scheme

Abstract Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the major limitations of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems because the higher PAPR induces the signal to get out of linear region of high power amplifier (HPA). In this article, a hybrid PAPR reduction scheme based on the combination of optimized iterative clipping and filtering (OICF) method and phase rotation is proposed. Using phase rotation, signal’s initial PAPR has been reduced by 14.23 dB and then OICF further reduces the final PAPR by 1.37 dB. Decreased PAPR will play an important role in reducing systems power consumption.

scholarly journals PAPR Reduction for Improved Efficiency of OFDM Modulation for Next Generation Communication Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2310
Author(s):  
Shatrughna Prasad Yadav ◽  
Subhash Chandra Bera
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
High Power Amplifier ◽  
Saturation Region

<p>Highly linear power amplifiers are required for transferring   large amount of data for future communication. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) provides high data rate transmission capability with robustness to radio channel impairments. It has been widely accepted for future communication for different services. But, it suffers from high value of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). High value of PAPR drives high power amplifier into its saturation region and causes it to operate in the nonlinear region.  In this paper, comparative study of four different PAPR reduction techniques: clipping and filtering (CF), selective mapping  method (SLM), partial transmit sequence (PTS) and DFT- spread technique  have been done. Mathematical modeling and Matlab simulations have been performed to arrive at the results with 4 QAM modulation format and 1024 number of sub carriers. At 0.01 % of complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) significant reduction of 11.3, 3.5, 3.4 and 1.0 dB have been obtained with DFT- spread, SLM, PTS and CF techniques respectively.</p>

scholarly journals PAPR Reduction and Data Security Improvement for OFDM Technique Using Chaos System

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntadher Kadhim Abdullah ◽  
Ali Jawad Ibada
Keyword(s):  
Fading Channels ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Convolutional Code ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Ofdm System ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Chaos System

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the most popular multicarrier technique because it produces several advantages such as higher spectral efficiency, high transmission rate, robustness to fading channel and etc.. In this technique, the data is carrying by multiple orthogonal subcarriers. If all subcarriers  are adding together with the same phase, it will result high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Higher value of PAPR makes low power efficiency, several degradation of performance in the transmit power amplifier and increase the complexity of converters. It is important to decrease PAPR for avoid these problems. Another requirement of the modern communication system is the  security of transmission data. All these issues make strong motivation for building algorithm to improve performance and security of OFDM system. In this paper, a proposed algorithm is presented to both reduce PAPR and secure the OFDM signal by generating several Aperiodic PseudoRandom Binary Sequences (APRBSs) using chaos system. The proposed algorithm is scrambling the information by APRBSs, and one sequence is chosen for transmission which has smallest PAPR value. To inform receiver which sequence had been sent, a Side Information (SI) is enclosed with the transmitted sequence. Because SI very important at receiver, convolutional code with Viterbi-Soft Decision Decoding (V-SDD) is used to protect it against channel distortion. Simulation results state the proposed algorithm produces excellent PAPR reduction performance and approximately gives the same Bit Error Rate (BER) of the conventional OFDM system over AWGN and fading channels. In addition to get better performance, the proposed algorithm is providing a good data security due to chaos system. MATLAB program is used to build the proposed OFDM system and get the simulation results.

scholarly journals A Novel PAPR Reduction Scheme for OFDM Systems Based on Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Feng Zou ◽  
Zhijun Liu ◽  
Xin Hu ◽  
Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Frequency Division ◽  
Ofdm Systems ◽  
Reduction Scheme ◽  
Ofdm Signal ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Ber Performance

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is extensively applied in the downlink of narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). However, the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM systems leads to a decrease in transmitter efficiency. Therefore, the researchers proposed the artificial neural network (ANN) based PAPR reduction schemes. However, these schemes have the disadvantages of high complexity or cannot overcome the defects of traditional schemes. In this paper, a novel PAPR reduction scheme based on neural networks (NNs) is proposed for OFDM systems. This scheme establishes a PAPR reduction module based on NN, which is trained using the low PAPR data obtained by the simplified clipping and filtering (SCF) method. To overcome the defect of poor BER performance of the SCF scheme, a recovery module is introduced at the receiver, to recover the distorted signal. To realize the improvement of BER performance and the reduction of PAPR simultaneously, the two modules are jointly trained based on multiobjective optimization. Experimental results based on a 100 MHz OFDM signal show that this scheme can reduce PAPR by 4.5 dB. Meanwhile, the BER of this scheme can be reduced to 0.001 times that of the SCF scheme.

scholarly journals Shaping Code in Conjunction with DCT for PAPR Reduction in Multicarrier System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Aimer ◽  
Boubakar Seddik Bouazza ◽  
Smail Bachir ◽  
Claude Duvanaud
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Amplitude Distribution ◽  
Papr Reduction ◽  
Radio Link ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Multicarrier System

Abstract Nonlinear behavior and power efficiency of the Power Amplifier (PA) contradictorily depend on the input signal amplitude distribution. The transmitted signal in multi-carrier modulation exhibits high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and large bandwidths, leading to the degradation of the radio link and additional generation out-of-band interferences, which degrade the quality of the transmission. Practical solutions exist, like a power back-off, but with unacceptable efficiency performances of the transmitter. This paper deals with efficiency and linearity improvement using a new PAPR reduction method based on the combination of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and shaping technique. The main principle is to determine an optimal coding scheme according to a trade-off between coding complexity and performance benefits in the presence of PA non-linearities. Simulation and experimental results in the context of OFDM signal and using a 20W - 3.7GHz Radio-Frequency Power Amplifier (RF-PA) show an improvement on PAPR reduction of about 3.25dB. Also, the communication criteria like BER (Bit Error Rate) and EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) are improved by about one decade and a half and 8%, respectively.

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