scholarly journals Antiresonant Reflecting Guidance and Mach-Zender Interference in Cascaded Hollow-Core Fibers for Multi-Parameter Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4140
Author(s):  
Maoxiang Hou ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Xizhen Xu ◽  
Ziliang Li ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Spectral Ranges

We propose and demonstrate a cascaded hollow-core fiber (HCF) device for multi-parameter sensing based on the combination of antiresonant reflecting guidance (ARRG) and Mach-Zender interference (MZI). The device was fabricated by splicing two sections of HCF together. Two sets of fringes, which have different free spectral ranges, were generated from ARRG and MZI, respectively, and were aliasing in the transmission spectrum. The two sets of fringes were then separated using a band pass filter and a Gaussian fitting technique. The wavelengths at two transmission loss dips formed by ARRG and MZI exhibit a temperature sensitivity of 14.1 and 28.5 pm/°C, and a strain sensitivity of 0.4 and −0.8 pm/με, respectively. By using a crossing matrix with differences sensitivities, the cross-sensitivity between temperature and strain can be solved. The gas pressure response of the cascaded HCF device was also tested up to 300 °C, and linear relationships between the gas pressure sensitivities and temperature were found, which can be used in gas pressure application in various temperatures. Moreover, the proposed cascaded HCF sensor is compact, low cost, and simple for fabrication, and hence offers a promising way for the simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters, such as temperature, strain, and gas pressure.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Microwave Filter with Improved Passband and Stopband Characteristics Using Stub Loaded Multiple Mode Resonator for 5G Mid-Band Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Falih M. Alnahwi ◽  
Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir ◽  
Abdulghafor A. Abdulhameed ◽  
Abdulkareem S. Abdullah ◽  
Raed A. Abd-Alhameed
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Multiple Mode ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Mode Resonator

This paper presents the design and implementation of a printed circuit microwave band-pass filter for 5G mid-band applications, using a Stub Loaded Multiple Mode Resonator (SL-MMR) technique. The objective of this article is to introduce a low-cost microstrip filter with improved passband and stopband characteristics, based on a mathematical analysis of stub loaded resonators. The filter cost is reduced by selecting the low-cost FR4 dielectric material as a substrate for the proposed filter. Based on the transmission line model of the filter, mathematical expressions are derived to predict the odd-mode and the even-mode resonant frequencies of the SL-MMR. The mathematical model also highlights the capability of controlling the position of the SL-MMR resonant frequencies, so that the 5G sub-band that extends along the range (3.7–4.2 GHz) can perfectly be covered with almost a flat passband. At the resonance frequency, a fractional bandwidth of 12.8% (500 MHz impedance bandwidth) has been obtained with a return loss of more than 18 dB and an insertion loss of less than 2.5 dB over the targeted bandwidth. Furthermore, a pair of parasitic elements is attached to the proposed filter to create an additional transmission zero in the lower stopband of the filter to enhance the suppression of the filter stopband. The measured and simulation results are well agreed, and both reveal the acceptable performance of the stopband and passband characteristics of the filter.

Compact and novel coupled line microstrip bandpass filter based on stepped impedance resonators for millimetre-wave communications

Frequenz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Zahid A. Bhat ◽  
Javaid A. Sheikh ◽  
Sharief D. Khan ◽  
Raqeebur Rehman ◽  
Shazia Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Filter Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Coupled Line ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Sharp Rejection ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract This paper presents a compact and the low-cost coupled line band-pass filter with application to future generation millimetre-waves and 5G communications. The proposed approach of the filter design is based on the coupled-line and centre tapped upper and lower stepped impedance resonators. These resonators generate the sharp rejection, wide bandwidth, and abet to realize the compact filter. A detailed theoretical as well as the numerical analysis of the filter has also been investigated. As a demonstration, the proposed band-pass filter configuration has been designed and fabricated at the 33.5 GHz frequency using a low-cost PCB technique. It has observed that the proposed filter, results in a better return loss and the low insertion loss. The experimental results has been presented and compared with the simulated results and has found quite satisfactory. Moreover the results obtained validate a good agreement with each other.

scholarly journals Design and Simulation of a Compact Filtenna for 5G Mid-Band Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Fatimah Juma'a ◽  
Falih Alnahwi
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Sharp Band ◽  
Band Pass

In order to provide an efficient, low cost, and small size radiating structure that passes a certain frequency band with negligible amount of interference, the combination of filters and antennas is proposed to form a single element called filtenna. This paper presents a filtenna element with compact size that can radiates in the 5G mid-band frequency range (3.6-3.8 GHz) and perfectly rejects all the frequencies outside this range. The filtenna is composed of a printed circuit antenna that is terminated with a crescent shaped stub that is coupled electromagnetically with a miniaturized sharp band-pass filter. The simulation results show a filtenna reflection coefficient with a reduced value within the intended 5G band and with high values along the other unwanted frequencies. Moreover, the structure has an omnidirectional pattern with reasonable gain value within the band of interest, and this makes the antenna very suitable for portable 5G devices.

Implementation of the Variable Center Frequency Band-Pass Filter Based on FPGA

2014 ◽  
Vol 1049-1050 ◽  
pp. 642-645
Author(s):  
Dan Hua Hu ◽  
Zhao Xiong Zeng ◽  
Jing Song Meng ◽  
Chang Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Band ◽  
Digital Filter ◽  
Design Method ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Sample Rate

Digital band-pass filters play a very important role in instrument design. For some special applications, such as corrosion inspection of buried oil or gas pipeline, more than one band-pass filter with different center frequencies are needed to process different frequency signals. FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) are widely used in these applications because of its high compute velocity and flexibility. For low cost and high reliability purposes, it is expected that one digital filter with a fixed configuration parameters can serve as multi different center frequency digital filter. In this paper a design method is proposed to realize two different center frequency band-pass filters which have the same filtering effect. Through analysis of design process for FIR band-pass filter, it’s easy to find that if the ratios (filter’ sample rate of input data to its cut-off frequency) of two filters keep equal, the normalized frequency will also equal. Thus according to this, two band-pass filters can have the same coefficients only if they have the same ratio of sample rate to cut-off frequency. This relationship is discussed here and MATLAB experiment is used to prove its effectiveness. This method is already used to design filters in pipeline current mapper instrument to inspect pipeline corrosion.

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