scholarly journals Adding Active Slot Joint Larger Broadcast Radius for Fast Code Dissemination in WSNs

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Zhiwen Zeng ◽  
Anfeng Liu ◽  
Guosheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Path ◽  
Program Code ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Code Dissemination ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Dissemination Process ◽  
Balance Energy ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Performance Analysis And Simulation ◽  
Improved Methods

By using Software Defined Network (SDN) technology, senor nodes can get updated program code which can provide new features, so it has received extensive attention. How to effectively spread code to each node fast is a challenge issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, an Adding Active Slot joint Larger Broadcast Radius (AAS-LBR) scheme is proposed for fast code dissemination. The AAS-LBR scheme combines the energy of data collection and code dissemination, making full use of the remaining energy in the far-sink area to increase the active slot and the broadcast radius to speed up the code dissemination. The main contributions of the proposed AAS-LBR scheme are the following: (1) Make full use of the remaining energy of the far sink area to expand the broadcast radius, so that the node broadcasts a longer distance. The wide range of broadcasts makes the number of nodes receiving code more, which speeds up the spread of code dissemination. (2) AAS-LBR uses two improved methods to further reduce the number of broadcasts and speed up the code dissemination: (a) When constructing the broadcast backbone whose nodes dominate all nodes in network and are responsible for broadcasting code, the active slot is added to the next hop node in a pipeline style on the diffusion path, which enables the code dissemination process to continue without pause. Thus, the code can quickly spread to the entire broadcast backbone. (b) For the nodes in the non-broadcast backbone whose nodes are dominated by the broadcast backbone and only for receiving code, an active slot is added coincident with its broadcast backbone’ active slot, which can reduce the time required for code dissemination and reduce the number of broadcasts. A lot of performance analysis and simulation results show that compared to previous schemed, the AAS-LBR scheme can balance energy consumption, the transmission delay can be reduced 43.09–78.69%, the number of broadcasts can be reduced 44.51–86.18% and the energy efficiency is improved by about 24.5%.

scholarly journals Mobile Augmented Reality for Low-End Devices Based on Planar Surface Recognition and Optimized Vertex Data Rendering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8750
Author(s):  
Styliani Verykokou ◽  
Argyro-Maria Boutsi ◽  
Charalabos Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Pose Estimation ◽  
Image Matching ◽  
Mobile Augmented Reality ◽  
Surface Recognition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Fast Rendering ◽  
Textured Models

Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) is designed to keep pace with high-end mobile computing and their powerful sensors. This evolution excludes users with low-end devices and network constraints. This article presents ModAR, a hybrid Android prototype that expands the MAR experience to the aforementioned target group. It combines feature-based image matching and pose estimation with fast rendering of 3D textured models. Planar objects of the real environment are used as pattern images for overlaying users’ meshes or the app’s default ones. Since ModAR is based on the OpenCV C++ library at Android NDK and OpenGL ES 2.0 graphics API, there are no dependencies on additional software, operating system version or model-specific hardware. The developed 3D graphics engine implements optimized vertex-data rendering with a combination of data grouping, synchronization, sub-texture compression and instancing for limited CPU/GPU resources and a single-threaded approach. It achieves up to 3 × speed-up compared to standard index rendering, and AR overlay of a 50 K vertices 3D model in less than 30 s. Several deployment scenarios on pose estimation demonstrate that the oriented FAST detector with an upper threshold of features per frame combined with the ORB descriptor yield best results in terms of robustness and efficiency, achieving a 90% reduction of image matching time compared to the time required by the AGAST detector and the BRISK descriptor, corresponding to pattern recognition accuracy of above 90% for a wide range of scale changes, regardless of any in-plane rotations and partial occlusions of the pattern.

scholarly journals Modelling and optimization of computer network traffic controllers

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. U. Ahmed ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Luis Orozco-Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Network Traffic ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Token Bucket ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Genetic Algorithm Approach ◽  
Time Required

During the past years, there has been increasing interest in the design and development of network traffic controllers capable of ensuring the QoS requirements of a wide range of applications. In this paper, we construct a dynamic model for the token-bucket algorithm: a traffic controller widely used in various QoS-aware protocol architectures. Based on our previous work, we use a system approach to develop a formal model of the traffic controller. This model serves as a basis to formally specify and evaluate the operation of the token-bucket algorithm. Then we develop an optimization algorithm based on a dynamic programming and genetic algorithm approach. We conduct an extensive campaign of numerical experiments allowing us to gain insight on the operation of the controller and evaluate the benefits of using a genetic algorithm approach to speed up the optimization process. Our results show that the use of the genetic algorithm proves particularly useful in reducing the computation time required to optimize the operation of a system consisting of multiple token-bucket-regulated sources.

Microwaves: Application in Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Anthony S-Y Leong ◽  
David W Gove
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Tissue Fixation ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Dipolar Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cryostat Sections

Microwaves (MW) are electromagnetic waves which are commonly generated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. When dipolar molecules such as water, the polar side chains of proteins and other molecules with an uneven distribution of electrical charge are exposed to such non-ionizing radiation, they oscillate through 180° at a rate of 2,450 million cycles/s. This rapid kinetic movement results in accelerated chemical reactions and produces instantaneous heat. MWs have recently been applied to a wide range of procedures for light microscopy. MWs generated by domestic ovens have been used as a primary method of tissue fixation, it has been applied to the various stages of tissue processing as well as to a wide variety of staining procedures. This use of MWs has not only resulted in drastic reductions in the time required for tissue fixation, processing and staining, but have also produced better cytologic images in cryostat sections, and more importantly, have resulted in better preservation of cellular antigens.

TIME TO THE END OF PRIMARY CONSOLIDATION (EOP) OF SOFT CLAYEY SOILS: CONCERNING THE EFFECT OF ATTERBERG’S LIMIT AND CYCLIC LOADING HISTORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (2B) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Trần Thanh Nhàn
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Loading History ◽  
Cyclic Shear ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Primary Consolidation ◽  
Time Required

In order to observe the end of primary consolidation (EOP) of cohesive soils with and without subjecting to cyclic loading, reconstituted specimens of clayey soils at various Atterberg’s limits were used for oedometer test at different loading increments and undrained cyclic shear test followed by drainage with various cyclic shear directions and a wide range of shear strain amplitudes. The pore water pressure and settlement of the soils were measured with time and the time to EOP was then determined by different methods. It is shown from observed results that the time to EOP determined by 3-t method agrees well with the time required for full dissipation of the pore water pressure and being considerably larger than those determined by Log Time method. These observations were then further evaluated in connection with effects of the Atterberg’s limit and the cyclic loading history.

scholarly journals Temporal concatenation for Markov decision processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ruiyang Song ◽  
Kuang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Markov Decision Processes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Speed Up

We propose and analyze a temporal concatenation heuristic for solving large-scale finite-horizon Markov decision processes (MDP), which divides the MDP into smaller sub-problems along the time horizon and generates an overall solution by simply concatenating the optimal solutions from these sub-problems. As a “black box” architecture, temporal concatenation works with a wide range of existing MDP algorithms. Our main results characterize the regret of temporal concatenation compared to the optimal solution. We provide upper bounds for general MDP instances, as well as a family of MDP instances in which the upper bounds are shown to be tight. Together, our results demonstrate temporal concatenation's potential of substantial speed-up at the expense of some performance degradation.

Analysis and Reduction of the Waste in the Work Process Using Time Study Analysis: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 971-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Norzaim bin Che Ani ◽  
Siti Aisyah Binti Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unit Of Work ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

Time study is the process of observation which concerned with the determination of the amount of time required to perform a unit of work involves of internal, external and machine time elements. Originally, time study was first starting to be used in Europe since 1760s in manufacturing fields. It is the flexible technique in lean manufacturing and suitable for a wide range of situations. Time study approach that enable of reducing or minimizing ‘non-value added activities’ in the process cycle time which contribute to bottleneck time. The impact on improving process cycle time for organization that it was increasing the productivity and reduce cost. This project paper focusing on time study at selected processes with bottleneck time and identify the possible root cause which was contribute to high time required to perform a unit of work.

scholarly journals Infection Prevention Time Required for Construction and Design at a Large Tertiary-Care Hospital, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s69-s70
Author(s):  
Angie Dains ◽  
Michael Edmond ◽  
Daniel Diekema ◽  
Stephanie Holley ◽  
Oluchi Abosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Class Iv

Background: Including infection preventionists (IPs) in hospital design, construction, and renovation projects is important. According to the Joint Commission, “Infection control oversights during building design or renovations commonly result in regulatory problems, millions lost and even patient deaths.” We evaluated the number of active major construction projects at our 800-bed hospital with 6.0 IP FTEs and the IP time required for oversight. Methods: We reviewed construction records from October 2018 through October 2019. We classified projects as active if any construction occurred during the study period. We describe the types of projects: inpatient, outpatient, non–patient care, and the potential impact to patient health through infection control risk assessments (ICRA). ICRAs were classified as class I (non–patient-care area and minimal construction activity), class II (patients are not likely to be in the area and work is small scale), class III (patient care area and work requires demolition that generates dust), and class IV (any area requiring environmental precautions). We calculated the time spent visiting construction sites and in design meetings. Results: During October 2018–October 2019, there were 51 active construction projects with an average of 15 active sites per week. These sites included a wide range of projects from a new bone marrow transplant unit, labor and delivery expansion and renovation, space conversion to an inpatient unit to a project for multiple air handler replacements. All 51 projects were classified as class III or class IV. We visited, on average, 4 construction sites each week for 30 minutes per site, leaving 11 sites unobserved due to time constraints. We spent an average of 120 minutes weekly, but 450 minutes would have been required to observe all 15 sites. Yearly, the required hours to observe these active construction sites once weekly would be 390 hours. In addition to the observational hours, 124 hours were spent in design meetings alone, not considering the preparation time and follow-up required for these meetings. Conclusions: In a large academic medical center, IPs had time available to visit only a quarter of active projects on an ongoing basis. Increasing dedicated IP time in construction projects is essential to mitigating infection control risks in large hospitals.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Usage of 3D Anthropometric Data in CAD/CAM Individual Measurement List

2015 ◽  
Vol 1117 ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Inga Dāboliņa ◽  
Ausma Viļumsone ◽  
Jānis Dāboliņš ◽  
Dana Beļakova
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Individual Measurement ◽  
Data Usage ◽  
Scanning Device ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Speed Up

Computer aided designing software not only the possibility to speed up the process of putting a new model into production and improve the quality of the products, but also reduces material costs and labour intensity, ensuring an elastic change of the assortment. The designing of clothes includes a row of processes and one of the most time and labour consuming is constructing. A construction displays the layout (pattern) of the surface of the body (garment). As it depends on correct anthropometric data, it is very important to get ones right. The use of 3D surface scanning technologies to produce digitized representations of the human anatomy has the potential to help change the way a wide range of products are designed and produced. Every scanning device is equipped with optic (light) appliances to ensure non-contact measuring. Measurements acquired by 3D scanning device should be checked out for compliance with CAD systems for automatized pattern making procedure. The paper introduces the experiment with scanned data usage in CAD pattern making. The project aims to implement scanned data values in the CAD/CAM individual measurement list for acquiring individualized pattern blocks.

scholarly journals Method of Moment Analysis of Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in A Lossy Dielectric Slab Using A Multilayer Dyadic Green’s Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUMITRA DEY ◽  
Deb chatterjee ◽  
Edward Garboczi ◽  
Ahmed M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Dielectric Slab ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Dyadic Green’S Function ◽  
Dyadic Green's Function ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Lossy Dielectric

<div>Modeling the electromagnetic response of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced composites is inherently a three dimensional (3D) multi-scale problem that is challenging to solve in real-time for nondestructive evaluation applications. This article presents a fast and accurate full-wave electromagnetic solver based on a multi-layer dyadic Green’s function approach. In this approach, we account for the effects of the dielectric slab, where the CNTs are embedded, without explicitly discretizing its interfaces. Due to their large aspect ratios, the CNTs are modeled as arbitrary thin wires (ATWs), and the method of moment (MoM) formulation with distributed line impedance is used to solve for their coupled currents. The accuracy of the inhouse solver is validated against commercial method of moment (MoM) and finite element method (FEM) solvers over a broad range of frequencies (from 1 GHz to 10 THz) and for a wide range of dielectric slab properties. Examples of 100nm long vertical and horizontal CNTs embedded in a 1 μm thick lossy dielectric substrate are presented. The in-house solver provides more than 50 ✕ speed up while solving the vertical CNT, and more than 570 ✕ speed up while solving the horizontal CNT than a commercial MoM solver over the GHz to THz frequency range.</div>

scholarly journals Intrinsic Run-time Row Hammer PUFs: Leveraging the Row Hammer Effect for Run-Time Cryptography and Improved Security

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Athanasios Anagnostopoulos ◽  
Tolga Arul ◽  
Yufan Fan ◽  
Christian Hatzfeld ◽  
André Schaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Access ◽  
Physical Unclonable Functions ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
The Times ◽  
Time Required

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) based on the retention times of the cells of a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) can be utilised for the implementation of cost-efficient and lightweight cryptographic protocols. However, as recent work has demonstrated, the times needed in order to generate their responses may prohibit their widespread usage. In order to address this issue, the Row Hammer PUF has been proposed by Schaller et al. [1], which leverages the row hammer effect in DRAM modules to reduce the retention times of their cells and, therefore, significantly speed up the generation times for the responses of PUFs based on these retention times. In this work, we extend the work of Schaller et al. by presenting a run-time accessible implementation of this PUF and further reducing the time required for the generation of its responses. Additionally, we also provide a more thorough investigation of the effects of temperature variations on the the Row Hammer PUF and briefly discuss potential statistical relationships between the cells used to implement it. As our results prove, the Row Hammer PUF could potentially provide an adequate level of security for Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) devices, if its dependency on temperature is mitigated, and, may therefore, be commercially adopted in the near future.

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