scholarly journals A Joint Multi-Path and Multi-Channel Protocol for Traffic Routing in Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Astudillo León ◽  
Luis de la Cruz Llopis
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Control Center

In order to improve the management mechanisms of the electric energy transport infrastructures, the smart grid networks have associated data networks that are responsible for transporting the necessary information between the different elements of the electricity network and the control center. Besides, they make possible a more efficient use of this type of energy. Part of these data networks is comprised of the Neighborhood Area Networks (NANs), which are responsible for interconnecting the different smart meters and other possible devices present at the consumers’ premises with the control center. Among the proposed network technologies for NANs, wireless technologies are becoming more relevant due to their flexibility and increasing available bandwidth. In this paper, some general modifications are proposed for the routing protocol of the wireless multi-hop mesh networks standardized by the IEEE. In particular, the possibility of using multiple paths and transmission channels at the same time, depending on the quality of service needs of the different network traffic, is added. The proposed modifications have been implemented in the ns-3 simulator and evaluated in situations of high traffic load. Simulation results show improvements in the network performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput and network transit time.

scholarly journals SCTP-aware Link Layer Retransmission Mechanism for Smart-grid Communication Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1098
Author(s):  
S. Zafar ◽  
U. Ejaz
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Transmission Protocol ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Link Layer ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Retransmission Mechanism

The smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers and uses bidirectional communication to exchange real-time information between supply system and smart meters at the user end. With a combined communication infrastructure, smart grid manages the operation of all associated components to provide reliable and supportable electricity supply. The Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) of smart grid supports bi-directional data transfer between smart meters (installed at customer premises) and control center of the utility company through an aggregator. This communication suffers low throughput and excessive delays due to the Head of Line (HOL) blocking when the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is implemented for reliability. In this paper we propose SCTP-aware Link Layer Retransmission mechanism (SCTP-LLR) which augments the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with Link Layer Retransmissions at the aggregator. SCTP-LLR uses the multi-streaming feature offered by SCTP and implements link layer retransmissions at the aggregator to mitigate the effect of HOL blocking. We carried out simulations using Network Simulator and compared the performance of SCTP-LLR against TCP and SCTP. Our results show that SCTP-LLR outperforms both TCP and SCTP in terms of throughput and packet delays and is a promising protocol to be implemented in smart grid NAN for reliable and efficient communication.

An Efficient Cluster-Based Flooding Using Fuzzy Logic Scheme (CBF2S) In Mobile Adhoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mahima ◽  
N. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Hop Count

: Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) hold a set of numerous mobile computing devices useful for communication with one another with no centralized control. Due to the inherent features of MANET such as dynamic topology, constrained on bandwidth, energy and computing resources, there is a need to design the routing protocols efficiently. Flooding is a directive for managing traffic since it makes use of only chosen nodes for transmitting data from one node to another. This paper intends to develop a new Cluster-Based Flooding using Fuzzy Logic Scheme (CBF2S). To construct clusters and choose proper cluster heads (CHs), thefuzzy logic approach is applied with the use of three parameters namely link quality, node mobility and node degree. The presented model considerably minimizes the number of retransmissions in the network. The presented model instructs the cluster members (CM) floods the packets inside a cluster called intra-cluster flooding and CHs floods the packets among the clusters called inter-cluster flooding. In addition, the gateway sends a packet to another gateway for minimizing unwanted data retransmissions when it comes under different CH. The presented CBF2S is simulated using NS2 tool under the presence of varying hop count. The CBF2S model exhibits maximum results over the other methods interms of overhead, communication overhead, traffic load, packet delivery ratio and the end to end delay.

scholarly journals Analisis Kinerja GPSR dan AODV pada VANET dengan Skema Pengimbangan Beban Trafik

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
RENDI DIAN PRASETIA ◽  
DOAN PERDANA ◽  
RIDHA MULDINA NEGARA
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

ABSTRAKSalah satu permasalahan di kota-kota besar adalah kemacetan lalu lintas yang disebabkan karena tidak mencukupinya ruas jalan, volume kendaraan yang begitu besar, persebaran kendaraan yang tidak merata dan lain-lain. Salah satu solusinya adalah para pengendara dapat menggunakan aplikasi peta digital pada smartphone-nya. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengimbangan beban trafik kendaraan. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai kinerja VANET yang menggunakan protokol routing GPSR dan AODV dengan skema pengimbangan beban trafik kendaraan dengan pengaruh kepadatan node. Perancangan sistem simulasi terbagi menjadi dua subsistem yaitu subsistem mobilitas dan jaringan. Kemudian dilakukan pengimbangan beban trafik kendaraan, dan kinerja VANET akan diamati. Performansi dievaluasi dengan average end to end delay, throughput, dan packet delivery ratio. Nilai rata-rata throughput, PDR, delay untuk GPSR adalah 142.21 Kbps, 87.47 %, dan 82.83 ms. Sedangkan AODV adalah 119.81 Kbps, 86.67 %, dan 103.21 ms. Dari hasil penelitian nilai QoS performansi dari routing protocol GPSR lebih baik dari pada AODV pada VANET.Kata kunci: Vanet, Pengimbangan Beban, GPSR, AODV.ABSTRACTOne of the problems in big cities is congestion. The congestion is caused byinsufficient road segment, large volume of vehicles, unbalanced spread ofvehicles and others. One solution is that riders can use digital map applications on their smartphones. Therefore it is necessary to balancing the traffic load of vehicles. In this research will be discussed about VANET performance using GPSR and AODV routing protocol with vehicle traffic load balancing scheme with node density influence. The design of the simulation system is divided into two subsystems namely mobility and network subsystem. Then balancing the vehicle traffic load, and VANET performance will be observed. Performance is evaluated with the average end to end delay, throughput, and packet delivery ratio. The mean value of throughput, PDR, delay for GPSR respectively 142.21 Kbps, 87.47%, and 82.83 ms. While AODV is 119.81 Kbps, 86.67%, and 103.21 ms. From the simulation results can be concluded that the performance of GPSR is better than AODV on VANET. Keywords: Vanet, Load Balancing, GPSR, AODV.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Composite Metric Based Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1366-1381
Author(s):  
Sathishkumar Natesan ◽  
Rajakumar Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Battery Discharge

The Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is operated by gadgets comprised of many devices of embedded type with limited energy, memory as well as resources that do their process. The improvements in the life of the network and energy conservation are the key challenging features in Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLN). Obviously, the LLN has a key strategic part in routing. The Internet of Things (IoT) device is expected to make the apt choice. In LLN, the poor routing choice leads to traffic congestion, reduction in power as well as packet loss ratio. The task in the proposal analyzes Delay (D), Load (L) and Battery Discharge Index (BDI) pivoted Energy Efficient Composite Metric Routing (EECMR) protocol for LLN. The performance of the work in the proposal is evaluated by the COOJA simulator. It outperforms with respect to Network Lifetime (NL), Delay as well as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) contrasted to the routing metrics like Traffic Load (TL), Link Quality (LQ), Residual Energy (RE), RE-Battery Discharge Index (RE-BDI) and Hop Count (HC).

Smart Metering for Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 823-827
Author(s):  
Ying Pan ◽  
Bo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Energy Meter

As an important part of Smart Grid, smart metering attracts more and more attention all over the world. It is the way for energy consumer to sense the benefit of smart grid directly. Smart meter is an advanced energy meter that measures consumption of electrical energy providing additional information compared to a conventional energy meter. This paper discusses various applications and technologies that can be integrated with a smart meter. Smart meters can be used not only from the supply side monitoring but also for the demand side management as well. It plays an important role to monitor the performance and the energy usage of the grid loadings and power quality. In addition, This paper gives a comprehensive view on the benefit of smart metering in power network such as energy efficiency improvement.

Deploying wireless sensor networks-based smart grid for smart meters monitoring and control

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. e3557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato William R. de Souza ◽  
Leonardo R. Moreira ◽  
Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues ◽  
Rafael R. Moreira ◽  
Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
And Control

Controlling Volatility of Wind-Solar Power In Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Lustfeld
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Process Heating ◽  
One Year

Abstract The main advantage of wind-solar power is the electric power production free of CO2. Its main disadvantage is the huge volatility of the system [national electric energy consumption powered by wind-solar power]. In fact, if this power production, averaged over one year, corresponds to the averaged electric consumption and is intended to replace all other electric power generating devices, then controlling the volatility of this system by using storage alone requires huge capacities of about 30TWh, capacities not available in Germany. However, based on German power data over the last six years (2015 till 2020) we show that the required storage capacity is decisively reduced, provided i) a surplus of wind-solar power is supplied, ii) smart meters are installed, iii) a different kind of wind turbines and solar panels is partially used, iv) a novel function describing this volatile system, is introduced. The new function, in turn, depends on three characteristic numbers, which means, that the volatility of this system is characterized by those numbers. When applying our schemes the results suggest that all the present electric energy in Germany can be obtained from controlled wind-solar power. And our results indicate that controlled wind-solar power can produce the energy for transportation, warm water, space heating and in part for process heating, requirering an increase of the electric energy production by a factor of 5. Then, however, a huge number of wind turbines and solar panels is required changing the appearance of German landscapes fundamentally.

Analiza potencijala za uvođenje sistema pametnih mreža u Bosni i Hercegovini

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Jasmina Imamović ◽  
Sanda Midžić Kurtagić ◽  
Esma Manić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Distributed Energy Resource ◽  
Charging Stations

The paper presents an analysis of the current situation regarding the development of an electricity distribution network and potential for a smart grid development in the selected pilot region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Apart from the policy framework assessment, several indicator based criteria were included in the scope of analysis: share of renewable energy and renewable energy as distributed energy resource, total share of distributed energy resources, a number of installed smart meters for measuring electricity consumption, a number of charging stations for electric vehicles, energy storage capacities and technological development. The overall analysis of the assessment has been done by normalization of the calculated values of the indicators on a scale of 1-5. The indicators have showed that the smart grid sector in the Region is currently underdeveloped.

Guest Editorial: Smart Meters in the Smart Grid of the Future

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Joao Martins ◽  
Thomas Ignaz Strasser ◽  
Mihai Sanduleac
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Guest Editorial ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
The Future

Securing SDN-Enabled Smart Power Grids

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Uttam Ghosh ◽  
Pushpita Chatterjee ◽  
Sachin Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Grid Networks ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Sdn Controller

Software-defined networking (SDN) provides flexibility in controlling, managing, and dynamically reconfiguring the distributed heterogeneous smart grid networks. Considerably less attention has been received to provide security in SDN-enabled smart grids. Centralized SDN controller protects smart grid networks against outside attacks only. Furthermore, centralized SDN controller suffers from a single point of compromise and failure which is detrimental to security and reliability. This chapter presents a framework with multiple SDN controllers and security controllers that provides a secure and robust smart grid architecture. The proposed framework deploys a local IDS to provide security in a substation. Whereas a global IDS is deployed to provide security in control center and overall smart grid network, it further verifies the consequences of control-commands issued by SDN controller and SCADA master. Performance comparison and simulation result show that the proposed framework is efficient as compared to existing security frameworks for SDN-enabled smart grids.

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