scholarly journals 2D Materials for Gas Sensing Applications: A Review on Graphene Oxide, MoS2, WS2 and Phosphorene

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Donarelli ◽  
Luca Ottaviano
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Research Field ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Recent Developments

After the synthesis of graphene, in the first year of this century, a wide research field on two-dimensional materials opens. 2D materials are characterized by an intrinsic high surface to volume ratio, due to their heights of few atoms, and, differently from graphene, which is a semimetal with zero or near zero bandgap, they usually have a semiconductive nature. These two characteristics make them promising candidate for a new generation of gas sensing devices. Graphene oxide, being an intermediate product of graphene fabrication, has been the first graphene-like material studied and used to detect target gases, followed by MoS2, in the first years of 2010s. Along with MoS2, which is now experiencing a new birth, after its use as a lubricant, other sulfides and selenides (like WS2, WSe2, MoSe2, etc.) have been used for the fabrication of nanoelectronic devices and for gas sensing applications. All these materials show a bandgap, tunable with the number of layers. On the other hand, 2D materials constituted by one atomic species have been synthetized, like phosphorene (one layer of black phosphorous), germanene (one atom thick layer of germanium) and silicone (one atom thick layer of silicon). In this paper, a comprehensive review of 2D materials-based gas sensor is reported, mainly focused on the recent developments of graphene oxide, exfoliated MoS2 and WS2 and phosphorene, for gas detection applications. We will report on their use as sensitive materials for conductometric, capacitive and optical gas sensors, the state of the art and future perspectives.

Nanomaterial-based gas sensors used for breath diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 3231-3248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Zhou ◽  
Zhenjie Xue ◽  
Xiangyu Chen ◽  
Chuanhui Huang ◽  
Wanqiao Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Enormous Number

Gas-sensing applications commonly use nanomaterials (NMs) because of their unique physicochemical properties, including a high surface-to-volume ratio, enormous number of active sites, controllable morphology, and potential for miniaturisation.

Controlled reduction of graphene oxide via hydrogen plasma for tuning sensitivity and recovery time of rGo based oxygen gas sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 30101
Author(s):  
Ali Jabbar Fraih ◽  
Huda Musa Mutlaq
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Plasma Radiation ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Nanometer Thickness

Graphene with high electronic transport, large surface-to-volume ratio and nanometer thickness is excellent for gas sensing applications. However, its sensitivity and recovery face serious limitations in practical considerations. In this study, graphene oxide (Go) sheets were synthesized and exposed to hydrogen (H2) plasma to reduced it into a reduced graphene oxide (rGo) in a controlled procedure. In this regard, Go sheets were irradiated with plasma at different times and their electrical properties were evaluated. The results showed that with increasing bombardment time from 2 to 8 min, the conductivity of the sheets increased but for a longer time no significant increase was observed compared to 8 min. Raman spectroscopy also showed that the increase in plasma radiation led to an increase in defects within the sheets. The appearance of defects in rGo improved its sensitivity to oxygen (O2) gas, but nevertheless reduced its recovery time. Therefore, by introducing the plasma bombardment process in a completely controlled way, we showed that the sensitivity and recovery time of rGo can be effectively tuned.

A review on mechanisms and recent developments in p-n heterojunctions of 2D materials for gas sensing applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 9575-9604
Author(s):  
Minu Mathew ◽  
Pratik V. Shinde ◽  
Rutuparna Samal ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Rout
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Recent Developments

scholarly journals Improving the ammonia sensing of reduced graphene oxide film by using metal nano-materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Hoa Tran My Huynh ◽  
Thu Thi Hoang ◽  
Thanh Thi Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Tham Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Nhung Thi Tuyet Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Gas Sensitivity ◽  
Ammonia Sensing ◽  
Reduced Graphene

Gas sensing is one of the most promising applications for reduced graphene oxide (rGO). High surface-to-volume ratio in conjunction with remaining reactive oxygen functional groups translates into sensitivity to molecular on the rGO surface. The response of the rGO based devices can be further improved by functionalizing its surface with metal nano-materials. In this paper, we report the ammonia (NH3) sensing behavior of rGO based sensors functionalized with nano-structured metal: silver (Ag) or platinum (Pt) or gold (Au) in air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The gas response is detected by the monitoring changes in electrical resistance of the rGO/metal hybrids due to NH3 gas adsorption. Compared to bare rGO, significantly improved NH3 sensitivity is observed with the addition of nano-structured metals. These materials are applied to play the small bridges role connecting many graphene islands together to improve electrical conduction of hybrids while maintaining the inherent advantage of rGO for NH3 gas sensitivity.

scholarly journals Influence of Humidity on NO2-Sensing and Selectivity of Spray-CVD Grown ZnO Thin Film above 400 °C

Chemosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lontio Fomekong ◽  
Saruhan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Selectivity Ratio ◽  
Zno Thin Film ◽  
Sensor Signal ◽  
Sensing Applications

Thin films are being used more and more in gas sensing applications, relying on their high surface area to volume ratio. In this study, ZnO thin film was produced through a thermal aerosol spraying and chemical vapor deposition (spray-CVD) process at 500 °C using zinc acetate as a precursor. The phase identification and the morphologies of the film were investigated by XRD and SEM, respectively. Gas-sensing properties of the ZnO thin film were evaluated toward NO2, CO, and NO at a moderate temperature range (400–500 °C) in dry and humid air (relative humidity = 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% RH). The obtained results show good sensor signal for both NO2 (R/R0 = 94%) and CO (92%) and poor sensor signal to NO (52%) at an optimum temperature of 450 °C in dry air. The response and recovery times decrease with the increase of NO2 concentration. In the presence of humidity (10% of RH), the sensor is more than twice as sensitive to NO2 (70%) as CO (29%), and accordingly, exhibits good selectivity toward NO2. As the amount of humidity increases from 2.5 to 10% RH, the selectivity ratio of ZnO thin film to NO2 against CO increases from 1 to 2.4. It was also observed that the response and the recovery rates decrease with the increase of relative humidity. The significant enhancement of the selectivity of ZnO thin film toward NO2 in the presence of humidity was attributed to the strong affinity of OH species with NO2.

scholarly journals Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Gas Sensing Applications: The Role of Theoretical Calculations

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamei Zeng ◽  
Shiwei Lin ◽  
Ding Gu ◽  
Xiaogan Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Gas Sensing Properties ◽  
2D Nanomaterials

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted a large amount of attention regarding gas sensing applications, because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and unique chemical or physical gas adsorption capabilities. As an important research method, theoretical calculations have been massively applied in predicting the potentially excellent gas sensing properties of these 2D nanomaterials. In this review, we discuss the contributions of theoretical calculations in the study of the gas sensing properties of 2D nanomaterials. Firstly, we elaborate on the gas sensing mechanisms of 2D layered nanomaterials, such as the traditional charge transfer mechanism, and a standard for distinguishing between physical and chemical adsorption, from the perspective of theoretical calculations. Then, we describe how to conduct a theoretical analysis to explain or predict the gas sensing properties of 2D nanomaterials. Thirdly, we discuss three important methods that have been applied in order to improve the gas sensing properties, that is, defect functionalization (vacancy, edge, grain boundary, and doping), heterojunctions, and electric fields. Among these strategies, theoretical calculations play a very important role in explaining the mechanisms underlying the enhanced gas sensing properties. Finally, we summarize both the advantages and limitations of the theoretical calculations, and present perspectives for further research on the 2D nanomaterials-based gas sensors.

Recent developments in 2D layered inorganic nanomaterials for sensing

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (32) ◽  
pp. 13293-13312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmanathan Karthick Kannan ◽  
Dattatray J. Late ◽  
Hywel Morgan ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Rout
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials ◽  
Salient Features

A comprehensive overview on the recent developments in the application of 2D layered inorganic nanomaterials as sensors is presented. Salient features of 2D materials in different sensing applicationsviz.gas sensing, electrochemical sensing, SERS and biosensing and photodetection are discussed.

Schottky diodes based on 2D materials for environmental gas monitoring: a review on emerging trends, recent developments and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minu Mathew ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Rout
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Gas Sensing Properties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity

This review details the fundamentals, working principles and recent developments of Schottky junctions based on 2D materials to emphasize their improved gas sensing properties including low working temperature, high sensitivity, and selectivity.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional platinum nanoparticle-based bridges for ammonia gas sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishchay A. Isaac ◽  
Johannes Reiprich ◽  
Leslie Schlag ◽  
Pedro H. O. Moreira ◽  
Mostafa Baloochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Platinum Nanoparticle ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Lift Off

AbstractThis study demonstrates the fabrication of self-aligning three-dimensional (3D) platinum bridges for ammonia gas sensing using gas-phase electrodeposition. This deposition scheme can guide charged nanoparticles to predetermined locations on a surface with sub-micrometer resolution. A shutter-free deposition is possible, preventing the use of additional steps for lift-off and improving material yield. This method uses a spark discharge-based platinum nanoparticle source in combination with sequentially biased surface electrodes and charged photoresist patterns on a glass substrate. In this way, the parallel growth of multiple sensing nodes, in this case 3D self-aligning nanoparticle-based bridges, is accomplished. An array containing 360 locally grown bridges made out of 5 nm platinum nanoparticles is fabricated. The high surface-to-volume ratio of the 3D bridge morphology enables fast response and room temperature operated sensing capabilities. The bridges are preconditioned for ~ 24 h in nitrogen gas before being used for performance testing, ensuring drift-free sensor performance. In this study, platinum bridges are demonstrated to detect ammonia (NH3) with concentrations between 1400 and 100 ppm. The sensing mechanism, response times, cross-sensitivity, selectivity, and sensor stability are discussed. The device showed a sensor response of ~ 4% at 100 ppm NH3 with a 70% response time of 8 min at room temperature.

scholarly journals ZnO Thin Film Transistor: Effect of Traps and Grain Boundaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
A.A. Razak ◽  
W.H. Khoo ◽  
Suhana Mohamed Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Temperature Deposition

Recently ZnO has drawn a lot of attention in semiconductor industry due to its interesting features. High exciton binding energy, high resistivity against radiation, high breakdown voltage, low temperature deposition are some of the interesting features of this material. Zinc oxide TFT device gains an increasing interest for its potential in sensing applications due to its biocompability, chemical stability and  simple fabrication process with various methods and high surface-to-volume ratio. However, ZnO TFT devices from previous work exhibited poor ION and field effect mobility. This work investigates the cause of its poor performance by focusing only two factors: traps and defects in the channel and grain boundary. The work was performed in Silvaco TCAD 2D simulator. It was found that a single grain boundary in the channel causes a reduction of the ION by 95%. The effect in the ION is less severe when traps and defects were introduced in the ZnO channel. The results can assist in optimizing the TFT device performance for sensing applications.

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