scholarly journals Measurement of Free-Form Curved Surfaces Using Laser Triangulation

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixu Dong ◽  
Xingwei Sun ◽  
Weijun Liu ◽  
Heran Yang
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Polynomial Interpolation ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Laser Spot ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Laser Triangulation ◽  
Curved Surfaces ◽  
Extraction Algorithm ◽  
The Impact

Laser triangulation (LT) is widely used in many fields due to its good stability, high resolution and fast speed. However, the accuracy in these applications suffers from severe constraints on the data acquisition accuracy of LT. To solve this problem, the optical triangulation principle, the object equation of the optical path relationship and the deviation of the laser spot centroid are applied to deduce a mathematical model. Therefore, the image sensor inclination errors can be quantitatively calculated, and the collected data are compensated in real time. Further, a threshold sub-pixel gray-gravity (GG) extraction algorithm is proposed; the gradient function and Gaussian fit algorithm are used to set thresholds to remove the impact of the spot edge noise area on the center location; and polynomial interpolation is employed to enhance the data density of the traditional GG method, thus improving the data acquisition accuracy of LT. Finally, the above methods are applied to on-machine measurement of the American Petroleum Institute (API) thread and the screw rotor, respectively. The experimental results prove that the proposed method can significantly improve the measurement accuracy of free-form curved surfaces using LT and that the improved laser spot center extraction algorithm is more suitable for free-form curved surfaces with smaller curvature and more uniform curvature changes.

scholarly journals Prognostic role of docetaxel-induced suppression of free testosterone serum levels in metastatic prostate cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Kappler ◽  
Michael A. Morgan ◽  
Philipp Ivanyi ◽  
Stefan J. Brunotte ◽  
Arnold Ganser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo date, only few data concerning the biologically active, free form of testosterone (FT) are available in metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) and the impact of FT on disease, therapy and outcome is largely unknown. We retrospectively studied the effect of docetaxel on FT and total testosterone (TT) serum levels in 67 mPC patients monitored between April 2008 and November 2020. FT and TT levels were measured before and weekly during therapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were prostate-specific antigen response and radiographic response (PSAR, RR), progression-free survival (PFS), FT/TT levels and safety. Median FT and TT serum levels were completely suppressed to below the detection limit during docetaxel treatment (FT: from 0.32 to < 0.18 pg/mL and TT: from 0.12 to < 0.05 ng/mL, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analyses identified requirement of non-narcotics, PSAR, complete FT suppression and FT nadir values < 0.18 pg/mL as independent parameters for PFS. Prior androgen-receptor targeted therapy (ART), soft tissue metastasis and complete FT suppression were independent prognostic factors for OS. FT was not predictive for treatment outcome in mPC patients with a history of ART.

An improved de Laval nozzle experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 030641902110341
Author(s):  
Nicholas Goodman ◽  
Brian J Leege ◽  
Peter E Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Laval Nozzle ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Isentropic Flow ◽  
Hands On ◽  
De Laval Nozzle ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Exposing students to hands-on experiments has been a common approach to illustrating complex physical phenomena that have been otherwise modelled solely mathematically. Compressible, isentropic flow in a duct is an example of such a phenomenon, and it is often demonstrated via a de Laval nozzle experiment. We have improved an existing converging/diverging nozzle experiment so that students can modify the location of the normal shock that develops in the diverging portion to better understand the relationship between the shock and the pressure. We have also improved the data acquisition system for this experiment and explained how visualisation of the standing shock is now possible. The results of the updated system demonstrate that the accuracy of the isentropic flow characteristics has not been lost. Through pre- and post-laboratory quizzes, we show the impact on student learning as well.

scholarly journals Free Vitamin D Status Among Apparently Healthy Adults Living in Duhok Governorate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
masood abdulkareem abdulrahman ◽  
Suad Yousif Alkass ◽  
Noor Isam Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Daily Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Free Vitamin D ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Serum total 25-OHD is a main marker of vitamin D which represents the intake and sunlight exposure. Free form of 25‐OHD, the small fraction not bound to a transporter protein has been incorporated as a new marker. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the impact of several factors on total and free vitamin D levels in healthy subjects and to find out if the free form of vitamin D could be a better representative of the body’s vitamin D status. Total and free 25‐OHD were analyzed by ELISA method in a blood sample collected from 391 apparently healthy volunteers (219 female and 172 Male) from Duhok Governorate/Iraq population. Total and free 25‐OHD levels were increased proportionally to BMI with lower values seen in the underweight group, also a significant gender differences in total D3 level with higher values in males (23.90 ± 16.41) ng/ml than females (21.24 ± 15.65) ng/ml was observed. Total and Free 25‐OHD levels were significantly associated with ages, their deficiency most frequent occurs in the younger ages between (16–25) years old. Smokers had higher level of Total 25‐OHD (26.95 ± 19.01) ng/ml and Free 25‐OHD (9.47 ± 4.94) pg/ml than nonsmokers (22.14 ± 14.59) ng/ml and (7.87 ± 4.32) pg/ml respectively. A significant increase in Free 25‐OHD level in the veiled women (9.12 ± 4.64) ng/ml than unveiled (6.16 ± 3.73) ng/ml with a significant positive correlation between Free 25‐OHD level and dress style was also seen. 30% and 33% of the participants whom their daily exposure to sunlight for 30 minutes and > 1hour respectively were severe deficient in total 25‐OHD. 95% of the participants who had Abnormally low level of free D were exposed for ≥ 30 minutes to sunlight. Daily exposure to sunlight was negatively associated with Free 25‐OHD level.

Leveraging HCA Results in an Advanced Pipeline Risk Assessment Model

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Huisman ◽  
Ricardo Almandoz ◽  
Thomas Schuster ◽  
Adriana Andrade Caballero ◽  
Leonardo Martinez Forero
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
South American ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Impact

Pipeline risk analysis is a common step carried out by operators in their overall Pipeline Integrity Management Process. There is a growing realization among operators of the need to adopt more proactive risk management approaches. This has brought about increased demand for more quantitative models to support risk reduction decision-making. Consequences of failure are a key component of these models where enhanced quantitative approaches can be deployed. Impacts to the environment and upon populations are key issues which both operators and regulatory bodies seek to minimize. Pipeline risk models and High Consequence Area (HCA) analyses play an increasingly important role in this context by allowing operators to identify a range of potential scenarios and the relative impact to receptors based upon the best available data sources. This paper presents the process and results of an HCA analysis project carried out by ROSEN for a major South American state-owned pipeline operator (hereafter referred to as ‘the Client’). This analysis was implemented using automated GIS processing methods and includes HCA analyses for approximately 2354 km of pipeline. The analysis was based on industry standards for both liquid and gas pipelines (i.e. American Petroleum Institute (API) and American Society of mechanical Engineers (ASME)), but customized for the specific needs of the Client and the South American geographical context. A key use for the results of this analysis is to serve as input for the pipeline risk assessment model jointly developed by ROSEN Integrity Solutions, MACAW Engineering and the Client. The methodology for development of this model is briefly discussed, and operational uses of HCA results are illustrated. The benefits of this project include, but are not limited to, identifying areas that could be severely impacted should a pipeline failure occur, being able to assess the risk profile of credible threats in HCAs, but also being able to prioritize preventative and mitigation measures at HCAs to either reduce the likelihood of failure or the impact of failure upon various receptors.

Ultra-High-Density Interconnect Enabled by Hybrid Bonding for Heterogeneous Integration: Interfacial Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Chien Lu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
High Density ◽  
Heterogeneous Integration ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Bonding Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interfacial Characteristics

Abstract Hybrid bonding has been explored for more than a decade and implemented recently in high volume production at wafer-to-wafer level for image sensor applications to enable high performance chip-stacking architectures with ultra-high-density chip-to-chip interconnect. The feasibility of sub-micron hybrid bond pitch leading to ultra-high-density chip-to-chip interconnect has been demonstrated due to the elimination of solder bridging issues from microbump method. Hybrid bonding has also been actively considered for logic and memory chip-stacking, chiplets, and heterogeneous integration in general but encountering additional challenges for bonding at die-to-wafer or die-to-die level. Overlay precision, throughput, wafer dicing are among the main causes. Widening the process margin against overlay error by designing innovative hybrid bonding pad structure is highly desirable. This work proposes a method to evaluate these hybrid bonding pad structure designs and to assess the potential performance metrics by analyzing interfacial characteristics at design phase. The bonding areas and ratios of copper-copper, copper-dielectric, and dielectric-dielectric are the proposed key parameters. The correlation between bonding area ratios and overlay errors can provide insights on the sensitivity to process margins. Nonetheless, the impact of copper recess or protrusion associated with bonding area ratios are also highlighted. The proposed method is demonstrated by examining and analyzing the hybrid bonding pad structure design concepts from a few cases reported in literatures as examples. Concerns are identified for elaboration in future designs and optimizations.

Tailoring Research Evidence and Theory (TREAT) into Allied Health Journal Clubs: A Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Wenke ◽  
Jodie Wiseman ◽  
Caitlin Brandenburg ◽  
Paulina Stehlik ◽  
Ian Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Knowledge To Action ◽  
Journal Clubs ◽  
Fresno Test ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAllied Health Professionals (AHPs) commonly use journal clubs (JCs) to support Evidence-Based Practice (EBP). There is however little research regarding implementing JCs in the long term, and their impact on EBP use and skills in AHPs. This study investigated the impact of implementing a structured JC format, called “TREAT” that was specifically tailored for each club, on EBP skills, confidence, use and resultant changes in clinical practice over 16 sessions for AHPs in a public health service. The study also investigated AHP’s attendance, adherence, satisfaction and barriers and enablers to implementing the format.MethodsA mixed methods hybrid-effectiveness implementation design was employed, guided by the Knowledge-to-Action cycle. EBP skills, confidence, use, and attitudes were assessed (Adapted Fresno Test, EBPQ, tailored journal club culture questionnaire) at baseline, and after 10 and 16-monthly JC sessions. Satisfaction and impact on clinical practice were explored using questionnaires at the latter two time-points, with free-form responses identifying enablers and barriers to EBP culture and implementation. Data on attendance and adherence to the TREAT format were also collected. ResultsSix JCs comprising a total of 132 unique participants from seven Allied Health professions were assessed across three time points. EBP skills significantly improved on the Adapted Fresno Test after 10-monthly (6.6 points: 95% CI, 0.43 to 12.7) and 16-monthly sessions (7.8 points, 95% CI, 0.85 to 14.7), and on self-reported total EBPQ ratings of confidence at 10-months (4.9 points: 95% CI, 2.2 to 7.5) and 16-months (5.7 points: 95% CI 2.7 to 8.7). Across sessions, 88 AHPs reported adopting new treatments/resources and 64 AHPs reported updating clinical procedures. Mean attendance was 5.7 sessions (SD= 3.8), and average adherence to TREAT components each session was 86% (95% CI, 83 to 89). Most participants recommended the format and reported desire to continue TREAT JCs. Enablers to the JC included using clinically relevant topics and active participation, while reported barriers included limited time to prepare. ConclusionsTREAT JCs can be implemented and sustained by AHPs for 16 monthly-sessions. Participation improved EBP skills and confidence and led to changes in clinical practice. Contextual enablers and barriers should be considered when implementing locally.

Parting Line Formation by Slicing a Trimmed Surface Model

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wong ◽  
S. T. Tan ◽  
W. S. Sze
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Curved Surfaces ◽  
Line Formation ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Manufacturing Efficiency ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Trimmed Surface ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

Abstract The parting line on a product affects the final layout of the mould blocks and hence the manufacturing efficiency. The increased usage of free-form surfaces in product design increases the burden of computer aided parting line and parting surface determination. Previous proposed algorithms may not be sufficient to deal with such situation since most of them were originally designed to deal with products having planar surfaces or simple curved surfaces. A new algorithm is proposed to deal with such situation. The algorithm adopted a recursive uneven slicing on a trimmed surface model. The method provides a quick and efficient way of locating the parting line of a product.

Basin-wide rock-physics analysis in Campeche Basin, Gulf of Mexico — Phase II: Reservoir rock and fluid properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Yangjun (Kevin) Liu ◽  
Michelle Ellis ◽  
Mohamed El-Toukhy ◽  
Jonathan Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Rock Physics ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Amplitude Variation With Offset ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Impact

We present a basin-wide rock-physics analysis of reservoir rocks and fluid properties in Campeche Basin. Reservoir data from discovery wells are analyzed in terms of their relationship between P-wave velocity, density, porosity, clay content, Poisson's ratio (PR), and P-impedance (IP). The fluid properties are computed by using in-situ pressure, temperature, American Petroleum Institute gravity, gas-oil ratio, and volume of gas, oil, and water. Oil- and gas-saturated reservoir sands show strong PR anomalies compared to modeled water sand at equivalent depth. This suggests that PR anomalies can be used as a direct hydrocarbon indicator in the Tertiary sands in Campeche Basin. However, false PR anomalies due to residual gas or oil exist and compose about 30% of the total anomalies. The impact of fluid properties on IP and PR is calibrated using more than 30 discovery wells. These calibrated relationships between fluid properties and PR can be used to guide or constrain amplitude variation with offset inversion for better pore fluid discrimination.

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