scholarly journals Extensive Experimentations on Opportunistic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichrak Amdouni ◽  
Cedric Adjih ◽  
Nadjib AitSaadi ◽  
Paul Muhlethaler
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Large Platform

In this paper, we design and experiment ODYSSE (Opportunistic Duty cYcle based routing protocol for wirelesS Sensor nEtworks) protocol. It combines three main mechanisms: (i) duty cycle, where nodes alternate between active and sleep states, (ii) opportunistic routing where routing tables do not exist and the next hop is elected once the packet arrives, and (iii) source coding with LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) codes in order to face packet losses while minimizing energy consumption. We focus on two heterogeneous scenarios: bulk image transmission and infrequent events reporting. Modeling the average waiting delay of forwarders, we show that simple relay selection strategies are effective. We used 45 Arduino nodes communicating with IEEE 802.15.4 (XBee) within the large platform FIT IoT-LAB (IoT-LAB is part of the large platform FIT: Future Internet of Things). We implement and extensively study the behavior and performance of our proposal ODYSSE. We show that the three techniques fit perfectly, yielding a robust low complexity protocol for highly constrained nodes in typical IoT applications.

Adaptive IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2015 ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef S. Kavian ◽  
Hadi Rasouli
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Network Traffic ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Media Access ◽  
The Coordinator

The energy efficiency is a main challenging issue for employing wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in extreme environments where the media access progress consumes the main part of network energy. The IEEE 802.15.4 is adopted in low complexity, ultra-low power and low data rate wireless sensor applications where the energy consumption of nodes should be managed carefully in harsh and inaccessible environments. The beacon-enabled mode of the IEEE 802.15.4 provides a power management scheme. When the network traffic is variable, this mode does not work as well and the coordinator is not capable for estimating the network traffic and adjusting proper duty cycle dynamically. In this chapter an approach for estimating network traffic in star topology is proposed to overcome this issue where the coordinator could estimate the network traffic and dynamically adjusts duty cycle proportion to the variation of network traffic. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of proposed approach for improving the energy consumption, throughput and delay in comparison with the IEEE 802.15.4 under different traffic conditions.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Routing in Low Duty-Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euhanna Ghadimi ◽  
Olaf Landsiedel ◽  
Pablo Soldati ◽  
Simon Duquennoy ◽  
Mikael Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Low Duty Cycle

scholarly journals Low-Complexity Localization and Tracking in Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kianoush ◽  
E. Goldoni ◽  
A. Savioli ◽  
P. Gamba
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distance Measurements ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Target Path

Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an important research topic: readings come from sensors scattered in the environment, and most of applications assume that the exact position of the sensors is known. Due to power restrictions, WSN nodes are not usually equipped with a global positioning system—hence, many techniques have been developed in order to estimate the position of nodes according to some measurements over the radio channel. In this paper, we propose a new technique to track a moving target by combining distance measurements obtained from both narrowband IEEE 802.15.4 and Ultrawideband (UWB) radios, and then exploiting a novel speed-based algorithm for bounding the error. This process is applied to a real dataset collected during a measurement campaign, and its performance is compared against a Kalman filter. Results show that our algorithm is able to track target path with good accuracy and low computational impact.

scholarly journals Modified Echo State Network Enabled Dynamic Duty Cycle for Optimal Opportunistic Routing in EH-WSNs

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Singh Rathore ◽  
Suman Sangwan ◽  
Kabita Adhikari ◽  
Rupak Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Echo State Network ◽  
Proposed Model

Minimizing energy consumption is one of the major challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to the limited size of batteries and the resource constrained tiny sensor nodes. Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) is one of the promising solutions to minimize the energy consumption in wireless sensor networks for prolonging the overall network lifetime. However, static energy harvesting in individual sensor nodes is normally limited and unbalanced among the network nodes. In this context, this paper proposes a modified echo state network (MESN) based dynamic duty cycle with optimal opportunistic routing (OOR) for EH-WSNs. The proposed model is used to act as a predictor for finding the expected energy consumption of the next slot in dynamic duty cycle. The model has adapted a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) for optimally selecting the weights of the neurons in the reservoir layer of the echo state network towards minimizing energy consumption at each node as well as at the network level. The adapted WOA enabled energy harvesting model provides stable output from the MESN relying on optimal weight selection in the reservoir layer. The dynamic duty cycle is updated based on energy consumption and optimal threshold energy for transmission and reception at bit level. The proposed OOR scheme uses multiple energy centric parameters for selecting the relay set oriented forwarding paths for each neighbor nodes. The performance analysis of the proposed model in realistic environments attests the benefits in terms of energy centric metrics such as energy consumption, network lifetime, delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput as compared to the state-of-the-art-techniques.

L2OR: Low-Cost Low-Complexity Opportunistic Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Shen ◽  
Guangwei Bai ◽  
Lu Zhao ◽  
Jinfeng Ge ◽  
Zhenmin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Wireless Sensor

scholarly journals An Empirical Evaluation of Lightweight Random Walk Based Routing Protocol in Duty Cycle Aware Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Adnan Noor Mian ◽  
Mehwish Fatima ◽  
Raees Khan ◽  
Ravi Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor

Energy efficiency is an important design paradigm in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and its consumption in dynamic environment is even more critical. Duty cycling of sensor nodes is used to address the energy consumption problem. However, along with advantages, duty cycle aware networks introduce some complexities like synchronization and latency. Due to their inherent characteristics, many traditional routing protocols show low performance in densely deployed WSNs with duty cycle awareness, when sensor nodes are supposed to have high mobility. In this paper we first present a three messages exchange Lightweight Random Walk Routing (LRWR) protocol and then evaluate its performance in WSNs for routing low data rate packets. Through NS-2 based simulations, we examine the LRWR protocol by comparing it with DYMO, a widely used WSN protocol, in both static and dynamic environments with varying duty cycles, assuming the standard IEEE 802.15.4 in lower layers. Results for the three metrics, that is, reliability, end-to-end delay, and energy consumption, show that LRWR protocol outperforms DYMO in scalability, mobility, and robustness, showing this protocol as a suitable choice in low duty cycle and dense WSNs.

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