scholarly journals Non-Contact Body Measurement for Qinchuan Cattle with LiDAR Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lvwen Huang ◽  
Shuqin Li ◽  
Anqi Zhu ◽  
Xinyun Fan ◽  
Chenyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Body Measurement ◽  
Body Dimension ◽  
Qinchuan Cattle ◽  
Dimension Measurement ◽  
Voxel Grid

The body dimension measurement of large animals plays a significant role in quality improvement and genetic breeding, and the non-contact measurements by computer vision-based remote sensing could represent great progress in the case of dangerous stress responses and time-costing manual measurements. This paper presents a novel approach for three-dimensional digital modeling of live adult Qinchuan cattle for body size measurement. On the basis of capturing the original point data series of live cattle by a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor, the conditional, statistical outliers and voxel grid filtering methods are fused to cancel the background and outliers. After the segmentation of K-means clustering extraction and the RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, the Fast Point Feature Histogram (FPFH) is put forward to get the cattle data automatically. The cattle surface is reconstructed to get the 3D cattle model using fast Iterative Closest Point (ICP) matching with Bi-directional Random K-D Trees and a Greedy Projection Triangulation (GPT) reconstruction method by which the feature points of cattle silhouettes could be clicked and calculated. Finally, the five body parameters (withers height, chest depth, back height, body length, and waist height) are measured in the field and verified within an accuracy of 2 mm and an error close to 2%. The experimental results show that this approach could be considered as a new feasible method towards the non-contact body measurement for large physique livestock.

scholarly journals Body Dimension Measurements of Qinchuan Cattle with Transfer Learning from LiDAR Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 5046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lvwen Huang ◽  
Han Guo ◽  
Qinqin Rao ◽  
Zixia Hou ◽  
Shuqin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Body Dimension ◽  
Qinchuan Cattle ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Deep Model

For the time-consuming and stressful body measuring task of Qinchuan cattle and farmers, the demand for the automatic measurement of body dimensions has become more and more urgent. It is necessary to explore automatic measurements with deep learning to improve breeding efficiency and promote the development of industry. In this paper, a novel approach to measuring the body dimensions of live Qinchuan cattle with on transfer learning is proposed. Deep learning of the Kd-network was trained with classical three-dimensional (3D) point cloud datasets (PCD) of the ShapeNet datasets. After a series of processes of PCD sensed by the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor, the cattle silhouettes could be extracted, which after augmentation could be applied as an input layer to the Kd-network. With the output of a convolutional layer of the trained deep model, the output layer of the deep model could be applied to pre-train the full connection network. The TrAdaBoost algorithm was employed to transfer the pre-trained convolutional layer and full connection of the deep model. To classify and recognize the PCD of the cattle silhouette, the average accuracy rate after training with transfer learning could reach up to 93.6%. On the basis of silhouette extraction, the candidate region of the feature surface shape could be extracted with mean curvature and Gaussian curvature. After the computation of the FPFH (fast point feature histogram) of the surface shape, the center of the feature surface could be recognized and the body dimensions of the cattle could finally be calculated. The experimental results showed that the comprehensive error of body dimensions was close to 2%, which could provide a feasible approach to the non-contact observations of the bodies of large physique livestock without any human intervention.

scholarly journals Dimensi Tubuh Sapi Friesian Holstein dan Limousin Betina Berdasarkan Morfometrik dengan Citra Digital

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
A. Hakim ◽  
H. Nuraini ◽  
R. Priyanto ◽  
T. Harsi
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Linear Measurement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Body Measurement ◽  
Body Dimension ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Lower Body Weight

Digital image analysis have been applied to determine and follow the body measurement, live weights, and animal growth. The objectives on this study were to compare linear body measurement (BMs) method (manually and digital image analysis) and to compare size and body dimension of Friesian Holstein (FH) and Limousin cows. In this study, the BMs of FH and Limousin cows was determined using digital image analysis (IA). Linear measurement of primary morphometrics, part of Columna vertebralis, and extrimity length of cows was first determined manually, by direct measurement. Then the digital images of cows were taken and the results obtained through the calculations were recorded into the computer and analized by Corel draw. Result showed that the BMs with both methods measurement was not significant different and IA method had lower coefficient variation (CV) than manual, which indicates the IA method can be used for morphometric study. For the body dimension, FH had larger frame size and lower body weight than Limousin. The different of breed caused differences in morphometric performances. FH had longer thoraxoc vertebrae, wither height, space between ischium, and space coxae to ischium than Limousin. Limousin had longer cervicalis vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, and scapulla.

scholarly journals Effects of bovine SMO gene polymorphisms on the body measurement and meat quality traits of Qinchuan cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 8105-8117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.R. Zhang ◽  
Y.K. Li ◽  
C.Z. Fu ◽  
J.L. Wang ◽  
H.B. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Body Measurement ◽  
Qinchuan Cattle ◽  
Meat Quality Traits

Concrete CT Image Quick Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1757005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Chang-Hua Li ◽  
Fa-Ning Dang ◽  
Chu-Jun Li ◽  
Zhong-Xing Duan
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Sampling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Concrete Specimen ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Ray Casting ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
The Real ◽  
Random Aggregate

The research of the mechanical properties of concrete, a kind of heterogeneous composite material, was previously established on basis of the mathematical model of random aggregate, which is used to study and analyze the mesoscopic damage mechanism of concrete. Although the shape and distribution of aggregate in the model built by this method are closer to the real structure of concrete, there is still a big difference between them and the real concrete specimen. In order to solve the problem of large amount of redundant computation in the CT reconstruction of full size cube space, a fast reconstruction method based on ray-casting algorithm is proposed. First, a method integrating the new bounding box technology with the plane intersection algorithm clusters were adopted to cut the body data and ray-casting effectively, and then, the polygon scanning and conversion was utilized to reduce the number of cast rays, finally, the adaptive sampling method was used to avoid repeatedly sampling same voxel so that the reconstruction efficiency of whole algorithm and the feasibility of numerical calculation can be enhanced. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can greatly improve the 3D rendering speed of concrete CT without affecting the image quality. It provides a more effective and reliable approach for correctly analyzing the mesoscopic damage mechanism and mechanical characteristics of concrete.

Simulation on the Aerobics Action Reconstruction Based on Three-Dimensional Motion Vision

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 3921-3924
Author(s):  
Li Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
The Body ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Motion Vision ◽  
The Aesthetic

Aerobics is one of the sports welcomed by the majority of the people. In competitive aerobics sport, a certain evaluation method is adopted to ensure multiple evaluation criteria of aerobics can achieve the best performance, and enhance the competitive level of aerobics players. The traditional aesthetic evaluation method of aerobics is coaches guided out-field approach, the aesthetic effect is optimized by guided and dominated by coaches, but athletes cannot participate in the evaluation system, which leads to poor guidance effect. In this paper, an aerobics movement reconstruction method based on three-dimensional motion vision is proposed. Computer visual recognition technology is utilized to extract characteristic image point of aerobics body, obtain the main features of the edge contour of aerobics body, and then three-dimensional evaluation is processed, the experiment group contains 4 different bodies. Simulation results show that the proposed method which is used to extract the body characteristics image point to process three-dimensional aerobics body shape evaluation, can improve the overall effect greatly, with a good guiding significance.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the 40S ribosomal subunit from rabbit reticulocytes

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 936-937
Author(s):  
Neng-Yu Zhang ◽  
Terence Wagenknecht ◽  
Michael Radermacher ◽  
Tom Obrig ◽  
Joachim Frank
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Ribosomal Subunits ◽  
40S Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Rabbit Reticulocytes

We have reconstructed the 40S ribosomal subunit at a resolution of 4 nm using the single-exposure pseudo-conical reconstruction method of Radermacher et al.Small (40S) ribosomal subunits were Isolated from rabbit reticulocytes, applied to grids and negatively stained (0.5% uranyl acetate) in a manner that “sandwiches” the specimen between two layers of carbon. Regions of the grid exhibiting uniform and thick staining were identified and photographed twice (magnification 49,000X). The first micrograph was always taken with the specimen tilted by 50° and the second was of the Identical area untilted (Fig. 1). For each of the micrographs the specimen was subjected to an electron dose of 2000-3000 el/nm2.Three hundred thirty particles appearing in the L view (defined in [4]) were selected from both tilted- and untilted-specimen micrographs. The untilted particles were aligned and their rotational alignment produced the azimuthal angles of the tilted particles in the conical tilt series.

Clinical Utility of an Exoskeleton Robot Using 3-Dimensional Scanner Modeling in Burn Patient: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Young Joo ◽  
Seung Yeol Lee ◽  
Yoon Soo Cho ◽  
Sangho Yi ◽  
Cheong Hoon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
3D Technology ◽  
Early Management ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Exoskeleton Robot ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Upper Limb Dysfunction

Abstract Hands are the part of the body that are most commonly involved in burns, and the main complications are finger joint contractures and nerve injuries. Hypertrophic scarring cannot be avoided despite early management of acute hand burn injuries, and some patients may need application of an exoskeleton robot to restore hand function. To do this, it is essential to individualize the customization of the robot for each patient. Three-dimensional (3D) technology, which is widely used in the field of implants, anatomical models, and tissue fabrication, makes this goal achievable. Therefore, this report is a study on the usefulness of an exoskeleton robot using 3D technology for patients who lost bilateral hand function due to burn injury. Our subject was a 45-year-old man with upper limb dysfunction of 560 days after a flame and chemical burn injury, with resultant impairment of manual physical abilities. After wearing an exoskeleton robot made using 3D printing technology, he could handle objects effectively and satisfactorily. This innovative approach provided considerable advantages in terms of customization of size and reduction in manufacturing time and costs, thereby showing great potential for use in patients with hand dysfunction after burn injury.

scholarly journals Automatic Reconstruction of Multi-Level Indoor Spaces from Point Cloud and Trajectory

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3493
Author(s):  
Gahyeon Lim ◽  
Nakju Doh
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Building ◽  
Indoor Spaces ◽  
Data Term

Remarkable progress in the development of modeling methods for indoor spaces has been made in recent years with a focus on the reconstruction of complex environments, such as multi-room and multi-level buildings. Existing methods represent indoor structure models as a combination of several sub-spaces, which are constructed by room segmentation or horizontal slicing approach that divide the multi-room or multi-level building environments into several segments. In this study, we propose an automatic reconstruction method of multi-level indoor spaces with unique models, including inter-room and inter-floor connections from point cloud and trajectory. We construct structural points from registered point cloud and extract piece-wise planar segments from the structural points. Then, a three-dimensional space decomposition is conducted and water-tight meshes are generated with energy minimization using graph cut algorithm. The data term of the energy function is expressed as a difference in visibility between each decomposed space and trajectory. The proposed method allows modeling of indoor spaces in complex environments, such as multi-room, room-less, and multi-level buildings. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated for seven indoor space datasets.

scholarly journals Virtual Archaeology of Death and Burial: A Procedure for Integrating 3D Visualization and Analysis in Archaeothanatology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 540-555
Author(s):  
Hayley L. Mickleburgh ◽  
Liv Nilsson Stutz ◽  
Harry Fokkens
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Archaeology Of Death ◽  
Human Burials ◽  
3D Information

Abstract The reconstruction of past mortuary rituals and practices increasingly incorporates analysis of the taphonomic history of the grave and buried body, using the framework provided by archaeothanatology. Archaeothanatological analysis relies on interpretation of the three-dimensional (3D) relationship of bones within the grave and traditionally depends on elaborate written descriptions and two-dimensional (2D) images of the remains during excavation to capture this spatial information. With the rapid development of inexpensive 3D tools, digital replicas (3D models) are now commonly available to preserve 3D information on human burials during excavation. A procedure developed using a test case to enhance archaeothanatological analysis and improve post-excavation analysis of human burials is described. Beyond preservation of static spatial information, 3D visualization techniques can be used in archaeothanatology to reconstruct the spatial displacement of bones over time, from deposition of the body to excavation of the skeletonized remains. The purpose of the procedure is to produce 3D simulations to visualize and test archaeothanatological hypotheses, thereby augmenting traditional archaeothanatological analysis. We illustrate our approach with the reconstruction of mortuary practices and burial taphonomy of a Bell Beaker burial from the site of Oostwoud-Tuithoorn, West-Frisia, the Netherlands. This case study was selected as the test case because of its relatively complete context information. The test case shows the potential for application of the procedure to older 2D field documentation, even when the amount and detail of documentation is less than ideal.

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