scholarly journals Integrating Gaze Tracking and Head-Motion Prediction for Mobile Device Authentication: A Proof of Concept

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Ma ◽  
Xinglong Wang ◽  
Ruijie Ma ◽  
Zhuzhu Wang ◽  
Jianfeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Device ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Shoulder Surfing ◽  
Static Feature ◽  
Smart Mobile ◽  
Stream Model

We introduce a two-stream model to use reflexive eye movements for smart mobile device authentication. Our model is based on two pre-trained neural networks, iTracker and PredNet, targeting two independent tasks: (i) gaze tracking and (ii) future frame prediction. We design a procedure to randomly generate the visual stimulus on the screen of mobile device, and the frontal camera will simultaneously capture head motions of the user as one watches it. Then, iTracker calculates the gaze-coordinates error which is treated as a static feature. To solve the imprecise gaze-coordinates caused by the low resolution of the frontal camera, we further take advantage of PredNet to extract the dynamic features between consecutive frames. In order to resist traditional attacks (shoulder surfing and impersonation attacks) during the procedure of mobile device authentication, we innovatively combine static features and dynamic features to train a 2-class support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The experiment results show that the classifier achieves accuracy of 98.6% to authenticate the user identity of mobile devices.

scholarly journals On-line Signature Verification Based on GA-SVM

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Huang ◽  
Jian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Feature Subset Selection ◽  
Signature Verification ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Support Vector Data Description ◽  
Feature Subset ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
On Line ◽  
One Class Classifier

With the development of pen-based mobile device, on-line signature verification is gradually becoming a kind of important biometrics verification. This thesis proposes a method of verification of on-line handwritten signatures using both Support Vector Data Description (SVM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). A 27-parameter feature set including shape and dynamic features is extracted from the on-line signatures data. The genuine signatures of each subject are treated as target data to train the SVM classifier. As a kernel based one-class classifier, SVM can accurately describe the feature distribution of the genuine signatures and detect the forgeries. To improving the performance of the authentication method, genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimise classifier parameters and feature subset selection. Signature data form the SVC2013 database is used to carry out verification experiments. The proposed method can achieve an average Equal Error Rate (EER) of 4.93% of the skill forgery database.

Face liveness detection scheme with static and dynamic features

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1840001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Wu ◽  
Yaowen Xu ◽  
Meng Jian ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Wei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Liveness Detection ◽  
Current State ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
Frame Motion ◽  
Fully Connected

Face liveness detection is a significant research topic in face-based online authentication. The current face liveness detection approaches utilize either static or dynamic features, but not both. In fact, the dynamic and static features have different advantages in face liveness detection. In this paper, we propose a scheme combining dynamic and static features to capture merits of them for face liveness detection. First, the dynamic maps are captured from the inter-frame motion in the video, which investigates motion information of the face in the video. Then, with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), the dynamic and static features are extracted from the dynamic maps and the frame images, respectively. Next, in CNN, the fully connected layers containing the dynamic and static features are concatenated to form a fused feature. Finally, the fused features are used to train a binary Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, which classifies the frames into two categories, i.e. frame with real or fake face. Experimental results and the corresponding analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme is capable of discovering face liveness by fusing dynamic and static features and it outperforms the current state-of-the-art face liveness detection approaches.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Mobile untuk Analisis Sentimen pada Google Play

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Lutfi Budi Ilmawan ◽  
Edi Winarko
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Google Play

AbstrakGoogle dalam application store-nya, Google Play, saat ini telah menyediakan sekitar 1.200.000 aplikasi mobile. Dengan sejumlah aplikasi tersebut membuat pengguna memiliki banyak pilihan. Selain itu, pengembang aplikasi mengalami kesulitan dalam mencari tahu bagaimana meningkatkan kinerja aplikasinya. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut, maka dibutuhkan sebuah aplikasi analisis sentimen yang dapat mengolah sejumlah komentar untuk memperoleh informasi.Sistem yang dibangun memiliki tujuan untuk menentukan polaritas sentimen dari ulasan tekstual aplikasi pada Google Play yang dilakukan dari perangkat mobile. Perangkat mobile memiliki portabilitas yang tinggi dan sebagian dari perangkat tersebut memiliki resource yang terbatas. Hal tersebut diatasi dengan menggunakan arsitektur sistem berbasis client server, di mana server melakukan tugas-tugas yang berat sementara client-nya adalah perangkat mobile yang hanya mengerjakan tugas yang ringan. Dengan solusi tersebut maka Analisis sentimen dapat diaplikasikan pada mobile environment.Adapun metode klasifikasi yang digunakan adalah Naïve Bayes untuk aplikasi yang dikembangkan dan Support Vector Machine Linier sebagai pembanding. Nilai akurasi dari Naïve Bayes classifier dari aplikasi yang dibangun sebesar 83,87% lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan nilai akurasi dari SVM Linier classifier sebesar 89,49%. Adapun penggunaan semantic handling untuk mengatasi sinonim kata dapat mengurangi akurasi classifier. Kata kunci— analisis sentimen, google play, klasifikasi, naïve bayes, support vector machine AbstractGoogle's Google Play now providing approximately 1.200.000 mobile applications. With these number of applications, it makes the users have many options. In addition, application developers have difficulties in figuring out how to improve their application performance. Because of these problems, it is necessary to make a sentiment analysis applications that can process review comments to get valuable information.The purpose of this system is determining the polarity of sentiments from applications’s textual reviews on Google Play that can be performed on mobile devices. The mobile device has high portability and the majority of these devices have limited resource. That problem can be solved by using a client server based system architecture, where the server performs training and classification tasks while clients is a mobile device that perform some of sentiment analysis task. With this solution, the sentiment analysis can be applied to the mobile environment.The classification method that used are Naive Bayes for developed application and Linear Support Vector Machine that is used for comparing. Naïve Bayes classifier’s accuracy is 83.87%. The result is lower than the accuracy value of Linear SVM classifier that reach 89.49%. The use of semantic handling can reduce the accuracy of the classifier. Keywords—sentiment analysis, google play, classification, naïve bayes, support vector machine

scholarly journals Real-Time Mobile-Based Electrocardiogram System for Remote Monitoring of Patients with Cardiac Arrhythmias

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058013
Author(s):  
Yakoub Bazi ◽  
Mohamad M. Al Rahhal ◽  
Haikel AlHichri ◽  
Nassim Ammour ◽  
Naif Alajlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Smart Mobile Phone ◽  
Real Person ◽  
Miniature Sensor ◽  
Smart Mobile ◽  
Ecg Data

In this study, we propose an electrocardiogram (ECG) system for the simultaneous and remote monitoring of multiple heart patients. It consists of three main components: patient, sever, and monitoring units. The patient unit uses a wearable miniature sensor that continuously measures ECG signals and sends them to a smart mobile phone via a Bluetooth connection. In the mobile device, the ECG signals can be stored, displayed on screen, and automatically transmitted to a distant server unit over the internet; the server stores ECG data from several patients. Health care stakeholders use a monitoring unit to retrieve the ECG signals of multiple patients at any time from the server for display and real-time automatic analysis. The analysis includes segmentation of the ECG signal into separate heartbeats followed by arrhythmia detection and classification. When compared to existing real-time ECG systems, where the detection of abnormalities is usually performed using simple rules, the proposed system implements a real-time classification module that is based on a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Extensive experimental results on ECG data obtained from a TechPatientTM simulator, a real person, and 20 records from the MIT arrhythmia database are reported and discussed.

Accurate Pupil Center Location with the SIFT Descriptor and SVM Classifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 1655012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhizhi Guo ◽  
Qianxiang Zhou ◽  
Zhongqi Liu ◽  
Chunhui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Result ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Pupil Center ◽  
Sift Descriptor ◽  
Low Resolution Images

Locating the center of the pupils is the most important foundation and the core component of gaze tracking. The accuracy of gaze tracking largely depends on the quality of images, but additional constraints and large amount of calculation make gaze tracking impractical on high-resolution images. Although some eye-gaze trackers can get accurate result, improving the accuracy of pupil feature on low-resolution images and accurately recognizing closed eye images are still common tasks in the field of gaze estimation. Our aim is to get the accurate localization of pupil center on low-resolution image. To this aim, we proposed a simple but effective method which can accurately locate pupil center in real time. The method first gets initial eye center based on improved scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptor and support vector machine (SVM) classifier, and then gets final position of the pupil center through a size variable correction rectangular block. In this paper, comparing with the reported state-of-the-art methods,the experimental results demonstrate that our system can achieve a more accurate result on low-resolution images. On top of that, our approach shows robustness on closed eye images while some other methods would not recognize the closed eye images.

Binary Spectrum Feature for Improved Classifier Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalika Ulapane ◽  
Karthick Thiyagarajan ◽  
sarath kodagoda
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Feature Reduction ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Classifier Performance ◽  
Spectrum Feature

<div>Classification has become a vital task in modern machine learning and Artificial Intelligence applications, including smart sensing. Numerous machine learning techniques are available to perform classification. Similarly, numerous practices, such as feature selection (i.e., selection of a subset of descriptor variables that optimally describe the output), are available to improve classifier performance. In this paper, we consider the case of a given supervised learning classification task that has to be performed making use of continuous-valued features. It is assumed that an optimal subset of features has already been selected. Therefore, no further feature reduction, or feature addition, is to be carried out. Then, we attempt to improve the classification performance by passing the given feature set through a transformation that produces a new feature set which we have named the “Binary Spectrum”. Via a case study example done on some Pulsed Eddy Current sensor data captured from an infrastructure monitoring task, we demonstrate how the classification accuracy of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier increases through the use of this Binary Spectrum feature, indicating the feature transformation’s potential for broader usage.</div><div><br></div>

Identification of Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Biomarkers with Machine Learning and Differential Co-expression Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Zhang ◽  
Steven Wang ◽  
Tao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Aims: We would like to identify the biomarkers for chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) and facilitate the precise gene therapy of CHP. Background: Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitive reactions to inhaled antigens. Clinically, the tasks of differentiating between CHP and other interstitial lungs diseases, especially idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), were challenging. Objective: In this study, we analyzed the public available gene expression profile of 82 CHP patients, 103 IPF patients, and 103 control samples to identify the CHP biomarkers. Method: The CHP biomarkers were selected with advanced feature selection methods: Monte Carlo Feature Selection (MCFS) and Incremental Feature Selection (IFS). A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was built. Then, we analyzed these CHP biomarkers through functional enrichment analysis and differential co-expression analysis. Result: There were 674 identified CHP biomarkers. The co-expression network of these biomarkers in CHP included more negative regulations and the network structure of CHP was quite different from the network of IPF and control. Conclusion: The SVM classifier may serve as an important clinical tool to address the challenging task of differentiating between CHP and IPF. Many of the biomarker genes on the differential co-expression network showed great promise in revealing the underlying mechanisms of CHP.

A fuzzy gaussian rank aggregation ensemble feature selection method for microarray data

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-301
Author(s):  
B. Venkatesh ◽  
J. Anuradha
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Microarray Data ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Binary Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Selection Methods

In Microarray Data, it is complicated to achieve more classification accuracy due to the presence of high dimensions, irrelevant and noisy data. And also It had more gene expression data and fewer samples. To increase the classification accuracy and the processing speed of the model, an optimal number of features need to extract, this can be achieved by applying the feature selection method. In this paper, we propose a hybrid ensemble feature selection method. The proposed method has two phases, filter and wrapper phase in filter phase ensemble technique is used for aggregating the feature ranks of the Relief, minimum redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR), and Feature Correlation (FC) filter feature selection methods. This paper uses the Fuzzy Gaussian membership function ordering for aggregating the ranks. In wrapper phase, Improved Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (IBPSO) is used for selecting the optimal features, and the RBF Kernel-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used as an evaluator. The performance of the proposed model are compared with state of art feature selection methods using five benchmark datasets. For evaluation various performance metrics such as Accuracy, Recall, Precision, and F1-Score are used. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method outperforms the other feature selection methods.

scholarly journals The Primacy of High B-Value 3T-DWI Radiomics in the Prediction of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bevilacqua ◽  
Margherita Mottola ◽  
Fabio Ferroni ◽  
Alice Rossi ◽  
Giampaolo Gavelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
B Value ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
High B Value ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Clinically Significant

Predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) is crucial in PCa management. 3T-magnetic resonance (MR) systems may have a novel role in quantitative imaging and early csPCa prediction, accordingly. In this study, we develop a radiomic model for predicting csPCa based solely on native b2000 diffusion weighted imaging (DWIb2000) and debate the effectiveness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the same task. In total, 105 patients were retrospectively enrolled between January–November 2020, with confirmed csPCa or ncsPCa based on biopsy. DWIb2000 and ADC images acquired with a 3T-MRI were analyzed by computing 84 local first-order radiomic features (RFs). Two predictive models were built based on DWIb2000 and ADC, separately. Relevant RFs were selected through LASSO, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was trained using repeated 3-fold cross validation (CV) and validated on a holdout set. The SVM models rely on a single couple of uncorrelated RFs (ρ < 0.15) selected through Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p ≤ 0.05) with Holm–Bonferroni correction. On the holdout set, while the ADC model yielded AUC = 0.76 (95% CI, 0.63–0.96), the DWIb2000 model reached AUC = 0.84 (95% CI, 0.63–0.90), with specificity = 75%, sensitivity = 90%, and informedness = 0.65. This study establishes the primary role of 3T-DWIb2000 in PCa quantitative analyses, whilst ADC can remain the leading sequence for detection.

scholarly journals Analog Circuit Fault Diagnosis Based on Support Vector Machine Classifier and Fuzzy Feature Selection

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Hao Liang ◽  
Yiman Zhu ◽  
Dongyang Zhang ◽  
Le Chang ◽  
Yuming Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Analog Circuit ◽  
Fault Classification ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Fault Parameters ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Circuit Fault Diagnosis

In analog circuit, the component parameters have tolerances and the fault component parameters present a wide distribution, which brings obstacle to classification diagnosis. To tackle this problem, this article proposes a soft fault diagnosis method combining the improved barnacles mating optimizer(BMO) algorithm with the support vector machine (SVM) classifier, which can achieve the minimum redundancy and maximum relevance for feature dimension reduction with fuzzy mutual information. To be concrete, first, the improved barnacles mating optimizer algorithm is used to optimize the parameters for learning and classification. We adopt six test functions that are on three data sets from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository to test the performance of SVM classifier with five different optimization algorithms. The results show that the SVM classifier combined with the improved barnacles mating optimizer algorithm is characterized with high accuracy in classification. Second, fuzzy mutual information, enhanced minimum redundancy, and maximum relevance principle are applied to reduce the dimension of the feature vector. Finally, a circuit experiment is carried out to verify that the proposed method can achieve fault classification effectively when the fault parameters are both fixed and distributed. The accuracy of the proposed fault diagnosis method is 92.9% when the fault parameters are distributed, which is 1.8% higher than other classifiers on average. When the fault parameters are fixed, the accuracy rate is 99.07%, which is 0.7% higher than other classifiers on average.

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