scholarly journals AOA-Based Three-Dimensional Multi-Target Localization in Industrial WSNs for LOS Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruonan Zhang ◽  
Jiawei Liu ◽  
Xiaojiang Du ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Mohsen Guizani
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Target Localization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Transmission Scheme ◽  
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Estimation Errors

High-precision and fast relative positioning of a large number of mobile sensor nodes (MSNs) is crucial for smart industrial wireless sensor networks (SIWSNs). However, positioning multiple targets simultaneously in three-dimensional (3D) space has been less explored. In this paper, we propose a new approach, called Angle-of-Arrival (AOA) based Three-dimensional Multi-target Localization (ATML). The approach utilizes two anchor nodes (ANs) with antenna arrays to receive the spread spectrum signals broadcast by MSNs. We design a multi-target single-input-multiple-output (MT-SIMO) signal transmission scheme and a simple iterative maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) to estimate the 2D AOAs of multiple MSNs simultaneously. We further adopt the skew line theorem of 3D geometry to mitigate the AOA estimation errors in determining locations. We have conducted extensive simulations and also developed a testbed of the proposed ATML. The numerical and field experiment results have verified that the proposed ATML can locate multiple MSNs simultaneously with high accuracy and efficiency by exploiting the spread spectrum gain and antenna array gain. The ATML scheme does not require extra hardware or synchronization among nodes, and has good capability in mitigating interference and multipath effect in complicated industrial environments.

scholarly journals Aircraft position estimation using angle of arrival of received radar signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2380-2387
Author(s):  
Freeha Majeed Amjad ◽  
Ahmad Zuri Sha'ameri ◽  
Kamaludin Mohamad Yusof ◽  
Paulson Eberechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Multiple Signal Classification ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Bearing Number

With increasing demand of air traffic, there is a need to optimize the use of available airspace. Effective utilization of airspace relies on quality of aircraft surveillance. Active research is carried out for enhancements in surveillance techniques and various methods are evaluated for future use. This paper evaluates the use of multiple signal classification (MUSIC) based angle of arrival (AOA) estimation along with multiangulation for locating aircrafts from their electromagnetic wave emission. The performance evaluation of the system is presented by evaluating the AOA estimation errors and position estimation (PE) errors. The errors are evaluated by comparing the estimated value to the actual value. An analysis on the system parameters, AOA error and PE error are presented in the end. AOA errors are affected by the AOA value (emitter bearing), number of array elements, SNR and resolution of AOA estimation algorithm. Errors in AOA estimation lead to PE errors. The simulation results show small errors for short ranges. The system performance can be improved at the expense of computational time by using higher MUSIC resolution and larger antenna arrays

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Empirical AoA Localization Technique for Indoor Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Alma’aitah ◽  
Baha’ Alsaify ◽  
Raed Bani-Hani
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Localization Technique ◽  
Localization Accuracy

Small and pervasive devices have been increasingly used to identify and track objects automatically. Consequently, several low-cost localization schemes have been proposed in the literature based on angle of arrival (AoA), time difference of arrival (TDoA), received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or their combinations. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional empirical AoA localization (TDEAL) technique for battery-powered devices. The proposed technique processes the AoA measurements at fixed reader nodes to estimate the locations of the tags. The proposed technique provides localization accuracy that mitigates non-linear empirical errors in AoA measurements. We utilize two omni-directional antenna arrays at each fixed reader node to estimate the location vector. With multiple location estimations from different fixed reader nodes, each estimated location is assigned a weight that is inversely proportional to the AoA phase-difference error. Furthermore, the actual AoA parabolic formula of the location is approximated to a cone to simplify the location calculation process. The proposed localization technique has a low hardware cost, low computational requirements, and precise location estimates. Based on the performance evaluation, significant location accuracy is achieved by TDEAL; where, for instance, an average error margin of less than 13 cm is achieved using 10 readers in an area of   10   m ×   10   m . TDEAL can be utilized to provide reference points when integrated with a relative (e.g., inertial navigation systems) localization systems.

A Localization Algorithm of Multi-Hop Three Dimensional AOA with Space-Based Angle Transmission and its Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 3562-3567
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang Chen ◽  
Yun Feng Ni ◽  
Xing Hua Li ◽  
Rong Jie Wu ◽  
Yan Jing Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Terrain Modeling ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Positioning Algorithm

Wireless sensor node's localization is a funda-mental technology in Wireless Sensor Networks. There are only quite a few study on three-dimensional (3D) localization which is suffered in slow progress, actually, is one of the main difficulties in WSN localization. Based on the study of the existing two-dimensional positioning algorithm and the application of terrain modeling, localization algorithm for sensor nodes in (3D) condition has been focus on as well as the application of terrain model. Using the idea proposed by representative algorithm--APS multi-hop AOA (Angle of Arrival), this paper proposed a new algorithm named Multi-hop Three Dimensional AOA With Space-based Angle Trans-mission (MSAT3D AOA). Using this technology, target nodes can use information of anchor nodes which are more than one hop away form. This paper also combined MSAT3D AOA algorithm with Delaunay triangulation algorithm for terrain modeling.

scholarly journals An SOCP Estimator for Hybrid RSS and AOA Target Localization in Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Marcelo Salgueiro Costa ◽  
Slavisa Tomic ◽  
Marko Beko
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Target Localization ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Transmit Power ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Second Order Cone

This work addresses the problem of target localization in three-dimensional wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed algorithm is based on a hybrid system that employs angle of arrival (AOA) and received signal strength (RSS) measurements, where the target’s transmit power is considered as an unknown parameter. Although both cases of a known and unknown target’s transmit power have been addressed in the literature, most of the existing approaches for unknown transmit power are either carried out recursively, or require a high computational cost. This results in an increased execution time of these algorithms, which we avoid in this work by proposing a single-iteration solution with moderate computational complexity. By exploiting the measurement models, a non-convex least squares (LS) estimator is derived first. Then, to tackle its nonconvexity, we resort to second-order cone programming (SOCP) relaxation techniques to transform the non-convex estimator into a convex one. Additionally, to make the estimator tighter, we exploit the angle between two vectors by using the definition of their inner product, which arises naturally from the derivation steps that are taken. The proposed method not only matches the performance of a computationally more complex state-of-the-art method, but it outperforms it for small N. This result is of a significant value in practice, since one desires to localize the target using the least number of anchor nodes as possible due to network costs.

scholarly journals Analytical evaluation of geometric dilution of precision for three-dimensional angle-of-arrival target localization in wireless sensor networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 155014772092047
Author(s):  
Jiao Zhang ◽  
Jianfeng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Target Localization ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Dilution Of Precision ◽  
Geometric Dilution Of Precision ◽  
The One

This article focuses on the evaluation of geometric dilution of precision for three-dimensional angle-of-arrival target localization in wireless sensor networks. We calculate a general analytical expression for the geometric dilution of precision for three-dimensional angle-of-arrival target localization. Unlike the existing works in the literature, in this article, no assumptions are made regarding the observation ranges, noise variances, or the number of sensors in the derivation of the geometric dilution of precision. Necessary and sufficient conditions regarding the existence of geometric dilution of precision are also derived, which can be readily used to evaluate the observability of three-dimensional angle-of-arrival target localization in wireless sensor networks. Moreover, a concise procedure is also presented to calculate the geometric dilution of precision when it exists. Finally, several examples are used to illustrate our results, and it is shown that the performance of the proposed regular deployment configurations of angle-of-arrival sensors is better than the one with random deployment patterns.

scholarly journals Full snapshot reconstruction in hybrid architecture antenna arrays

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Trigka ◽  
Christos Mavrokefalidis ◽  
Kostas Berberidis
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Music Algorithm ◽  
Array Structures ◽  
Signal Sources

AbstractIn the context of this research work, we study the so-called problem of full snapshot reconstruction in hybrid antenna array structures that are utilized in mmWave communication systems. It enables the recovery of the snapshots that would have been obtained if a conventional (non-hybrid) uniform linear antenna array was employed. The problem is considered at the receiver side where the hybrid architecture exploits in a novel way the antenna elements of a uniform linear array. To this end, the recommended scheme is properly designed so as to be applicable to overlapping and non-overlapping architectures. Moreover, the full snapshot recoverability is addressed for two cases, namely for time-varying and constant signal sources. Simulation results are also presented to illustrate the consistency between the theoretically predicted behaviors and the simulated results, and the performance of the proposed scheme in terms angle-of-arrival estimation, when compared to the conventional MUSIC algorithm and a recently proposed hybrid version of MUSIC (H-MUSIC).

scholarly journals High-Accuracy Recognition and Localization of Moving Targets in an Indoor Environment Using Binocular Stereo Vision

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Jing Ding ◽  
Zhigang Yan ◽  
Xuchen We
Keyword(s):  
Stereo Vision ◽  
Stereo Matching ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Target Localization ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Moving Targets ◽  
Binocular Stereo Vision ◽  
Binocular Stereo

To obtain effective indoor moving target localization, a reliable and stable moving target localization method based on binocular stereo vision is proposed in this paper. A moving target recognition extraction algorithm, which integrates displacement pyramid Horn–Schunck (HS) optical flow, Delaunay triangulation and Otsu threshold segmentation, is presented to separate a moving target from a complex background, called the Otsu Delaunay HS (O-DHS) method. Additionally, a stereo matching algorithm based on deep matching and stereo vision is presented to obtain dense stereo matching points pairs, called stereo deep matching (S-DM). The stereo matching point pairs of the moving target were extracted with the moving target area and stereo deep matching point pairs, then the three dimensional coordinates of the points in the moving target area were reconstructed according to the principle of binocular vision’s parallel structure. Finally, the moving target was located by the centroid method. The experimental results showed that this method can better resist image noise and repeated texture, can effectively detect and separate moving targets, and can match stereo image points in repeated textured areas more accurately and stability. This method can effectively improve the effectiveness, accuracy and robustness of three-dimensional moving target coordinates.

scholarly journals Gridless Multidimensional Angle of Arrival Estimation for Arbitrary 3D Antenna Arrays

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Matilde Sanchez-Fernandez ◽  
Vahid Jamali ◽  
Jaime Llorca ◽  
Antonia Tulino
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Angle Of Arrival
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