scholarly journals Triple Flat-Type Inductive-Based Oil Palm Fruit Maturity Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Aliteh ◽  
Norhisam Misron ◽  
Ishak Aris ◽  
Roslina Mohd Sidek ◽  
Kunihisa Tashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Flat Type ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
And Shifts

This paper aims to study a triple flat-type air coil inductive sensor that can identify two maturity stages of oil palm fruits, ripe and unripe, based on the resonance frequency and fruitlet capacitance changes. There are two types of triple structure that have been tested, namely Triple I and II. Triple I is a triple series coil with a fixed number of turns (n = 200) with different length, and Triple II is a coil with fixed length (l = 5 mm) and a different number of turns. The peak comparison between Triple I and II is using the coefficient of variation cv, which is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean to express the precision and repeatability of data. As the fruit ripens, the resonance frequency peaks from an inductance–frequency curve and shifts closer to the peak curve of the air, and the fruitlet capacitance decreases. The coefficient of the variation of the inductive oil palm fruit sensor shows that Triple I is smaller and more consistent in comparison with Triple II, for both resonance frequency and fruitlet capacitance. The development of this sensor proves the capability of an inductive element such as a coil, to be used as a sensor so as to determine the ripeness of the oil palm fresh fruit bunch sample.

scholarly journals Segregation of oil palm fruit ripeness using color sensor

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Aiman Mustaffa ◽  
Faiz Arith ◽  
Nurin Izzati Fauzi Peong ◽  
Nurul Rafiqah Jaffar ◽  
Evelyn Larwy Linggie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Segregation Process ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Color Sensors ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
Palm Fruits

Oil palm is an important industry that has contributed to income and support to the economic sector especially for Malaysia and Indonesia. However, most of the equipment in the oil palm industry is still operated manually. This work developed a system to separate bunches of oil palm fruit using color sensors according to maturity level. Fruit color plays a decisive point in determining fruit maturity. Here, a specific threshold point of red green blue (RGB) was obtained for the determination of the maturity level of oil palm fruit. Point values of < 120, 120 < x < 150 and > 150 represent the maturity levels of unripe, under ripe and ripe, respectively. This paper is the first to report the RGB points for use in the development of automated oil palm segregation system in the oil palm plantation industry. Thus, this paper will pave the way in producing an accurate and reliable oil palm separation system, which in turn has a positive effect in reducing human error. In the future, a set of sensors is proposed to detect a bunch of the oil palm fruits. This further can speed up the segregation process and more suitable for adaptation to the industry.

scholarly journals Relative Estimation of Water Content for Flat-Type Inductive-Based Oil Palm Fruit Maturity Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhisam Misron ◽  
Nor Aliteh ◽  
Noor Harun ◽  
Kunihisa Tashiro ◽  
Toshiro Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Flat Type ◽  
Fruit Maturity

scholarly journals Investigation of Ergonomics Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders among Oil Palm Workers Using Quick Exposure Check (QEC)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezrin Hani Sukadarin ◽  
Baba Md Deros ◽  
Jaharah Abd Ghani ◽  
Ahmad Rasdan Ismail ◽  
Maznon M. Mokhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Actual Load ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Postural Analysis ◽  
Crude Analysis ◽  
Pushing And Pulling

Oil palm workers perform daily activities that exposed themselves to various ergonomics risk factors. To harvest oil palm fruits from tall trees, specific technique is required. To quantify the ergonomics risks factors, postural analysis was conducted using Quick Exposure Check (QEC) system. It was found oil palm workers were exposed to many postural problems while performing harvesting and collecting fresh fruit bunch (FFB) activities. However, to quantify the actual load, many limitations of the QEC have been revealed such the missing of legs assessment, the crude analysis for arm and shoulder, no pushing and pulling assessment and the biased may be existed due to the workers perception on the ergonomics factors. Thus, it can be concluded that QEC system was not suitable for conducting postural analysis during harvesting in oil palm plantation especially in tall trees due to the above limitations.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA BURUH PANEN BUAH KELAPA SAWIT(Studi Kasus Pada Divisi I PT. Megasawindo Perkasa IKecamatan Pelepat Kabupaten Bungo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikriman Fikriman ◽  
Arif Herdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Division I ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Experience Factor ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Selection Of

Research conducted at the Division I Megasawindo PT Perkasa I Sub Pelepat Bungo on December 1, 2015 until January 1, 2016. Selection of the location of this research was done intentionally (purposive sampling) with the consideration that Division I had a workforce of most on the harvesting of coconuts oil with 79 workers to harvest. This study was conducted to determine the factors that affected the productivity of harvest labor of Oil palm fruit in the Division I PT.Megasawindo Mighty I Sub Pelepat Bungo. The data collection method used in the study was documentation technique that was to obtain data directly from the data of research that palm fruit harvest workers at the Division I PT.Megasawindo Perkasa District of Pelepat many as 79 workers harvest the palm fruits. But the workers must studied the labor of its work effectively during the year 2014 as many as 39 people. The results showed that the average labor productivity of oil palm fruit harvest workers amounted to 37.31 tons / person / month. Harvest Labor productivity of the palm fruits together significantly affected by factors of wages, work experience, number of dependents and age, it could be seen from the calculated F value (983.312)> F table (2.649), but the partial factor wages were on a very real effect on the productivity of harvest labor of the palm fruits, as seen from the value of 49 997 t> t table 2,032. While working experience factor, number of dependents and the age factordid not significantly affected harvest labor productivity of oil palm fruit division I PT. Megasawindo Mighty I Sub Pelepat Bungo.Keywords: Productivity, Labor harvest, factors and Palm Oil

scholarly journals A RIPENESS STUDY OF OIL PALM FRESH FRUIT AT THE BUNCH DIFFERENT POSITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Rismen Sinambela
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Fruit

The paper aims to study the position of the optimum oil palm ripeness at the bunch different positions. This information is essential to complete a measurement procedure to detect oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) maturity so that the detection devices can directly measure the optimal mature position as a representative of the entire FFB characteristics. In this study, the oil palm FFB (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. tenera) with the various ripeness stages (4 until 22 weeks after anthesis) were collected and divided from three positions, i.e., proximal, central and distal. Moreover, each fruit in each of these positions was subjected to sample preparation to identify water and oil content. The water and oil content were completed based on the oven test method and the Soxhlet extraction technique, respectively. The optimum ripeness position is determined based on the lowest water content and the highest oil content. Based on the analysis, during the process of oil palm maturation occurs a decrease in water content and an increase in oil content. In addition, the average water content of palm fruit varies greatly depending on its position based on the analysis, i.e., proximal (45.38±5.62%), central (35.30±3.34%) and distal (41.98±2.57%). The average oil content of oil palm fruit in the central position is higher oil content (25.10±1.72%) compared to the proximal (10.00±0.77%) and distal position (13.77±1.22%). We suspect that the chemical content differences of palm fruit in various positions are due to the inequality of the respiration rate and ethylene production throughout FFB. In addition, overall it can be concluded that the fruit in the central FFB position has an optimal ripeness level compared to the proximal and distal position. Thus, the measurement position recommended in evaluating palm maturity is at the central position of FFB.

scholarly journals Influence of Parental Dura and Pisifera Genetic Origins on Oil Palm Fruit Set Ratio and Yield Components in Their D × P Progenies

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1793
Author(s):  
Senesie Swaray ◽  
Mohd Din Amiruddin ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Syari Jamian ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Genetic Origins ◽  
Estimation Of Variance

This research was conducted to study the performance of biparental dura × pisifera (D × P) progenies and their parental genetic origins on fruit set and yield components. Twenty-four D × P progenies developed from 10 genetic origins were used for this study. Analysis of variance showed that there was genetic variability based on the evaluation of individual progenies. Deli Ulu Remis × Nigeria of progeny ECPHP500 recorded the highest bunch number (22.91), and fresh fruit bunch (184.62 kg palm−1 year−1) and Deli Banting dura × AVROS pisifera (ECPHP550) had the highest average bunch weight (10.36 kg bunch−1 year−1). Progenies PK4674 (61.12%) and PK4465 (60.93%) had the highest fruit set, and the highest oil yield of 52.66 kg bunch−1 was noticed by progeny PK4674. Estimation of variance components, coefficients of variation, heritability, and genetic gain were calculated to establish the genetic variability. To validate the genetic disparity among the progenies, an unweighted pair-group procedure with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component was employed based on their quantitative traits. Through the UPGMA and principal component, the 24 progenies were clustered into 7 clusters, whereas cluster V had the highest fruit set (60.62%) and cluster IV had the highest oil yield (43.71 kg palm−1 year−1). For oil palm tissue culture and breeding programs, progeny PK4674 will be more useful for developing planting materials of high oil yielding with stable performance. However, we recommend that future studies incorporate molecular studies with conventional breeding.

Fruiting Activity, Growth and Yield of Oil Palm. II. Observations in Untreated Populations

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Breure ◽  
R. H. V. Corley
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe extent to which the number and weight components of oil palm fruit yield are affected by the total weight of fruit bunches on the palm (fruiting activity) was investigated by multiple regression analysis, with plant available water and sunshine hours as additional covariates. Fruiting activity significantly increased the percentage of aborted inflorescences six months after leaf opening, and reduced the ratio of female to total inflorescences (sex ratio) seven to eight months prior to leaf opening. Mean weight of bunches was negatively affected by fruiting activity ten to eleven months before harvest, the number of flowers per spikelet and the mean single fruit weight being the only components to show a clear response. Fruiting activity significantly reduced the petiole cross sectional area of leaves six months before opening.Simulation models for oil palm yield forecasting must take account of the endogenous yield cycles resulting from these effects of fruiting activity.

scholarly journals Influence of Fresh Palm Fruit Sterilization in the Production of Carotenoid-Rich Virgin Palm Oil

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2838
Author(s):  
Nik Suhaimi Mat Hassan ◽  
Md. Sohrab Hossain ◽  
Venugopal Balakrishnan ◽  
Mark Harris Zuknik ◽  
Muliadi Mustaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Cold Pressed

Palm oil is known to be rich in carotenoids and other phytonutrients. However, the carotenoids and phytonutrients degrade due to high heat sterilization of oil palm fruits. The present study was conducted to produce carotenoid-rich virgin palm oil (VPO) using cold-press extraction. Herein, the influence of sterilization of oil palm fresh fruits in the production of cold-pressed VPO was determined with varying sterilization temperatures, times, and amounts of palm fruits in sterilization. The experimental sterilization conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the maximum VPO yield and minimum FFAs in cold-pressed VPO. The optimal sterilization experimental conditions of oil palm fruits were determined to be a sterilization temperature of 62 °C, a time of 90 min, and an amount of oil palm fruits of 8 kg. Under these experimental conditions, the maximum cold-pressed VPO yield and the minimal content of free fatty acids (FFAs) obtained were 27.94 wt.% and 1.32 wt.%, respectively. Several analytic methods were employed to determine cold-pressed VPO quality and fatty acids compositions and compared with the crude palm oil. It was found that cold-pressed VPO contains higher carotenoids (708 mg/g) and unsaturated fatty acids compared with the carotenoid (343 mg/g) and fatty acid compositions in CPO. The findings of the present study reveal that the sterilization temperature potentially influences the carotenoid and nutrient contents in VPO; therefore, the optimization of the sterilization conditions is crucial to producing carotenoid- and phytonutrient-rich VPO.

scholarly journals Analysis of Carotenoid Composition in Oil Palm Fruits (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) from several Varieties: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1470-1479
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Content Range ◽  
Β Carotene

Basically, oil palm has three types of fruit, namely the dura, pisifera, and tenera varieties. These three varieties have different characteristics, likewise with resulting Crude Palm Oil (CPO) levels. Generally, palm oil contains 500–700 ppm of carotenoid compounds, and the amount is equivalent to 15 times the carotenoids in carrots and 300 times in tomatoes. This is a study of information about the carotenoid composition of three varieties of oil palm fruit and applying the most superior analytical methods to obtain carotenoids from CPO. The purpose of this review is to examine the carotenoid composition of three varieties of oil palm fruit and carotenoid analysis methods presented for consideration as a reference. The method used in this review is the inclusion and exclusion criteria in literary search. The results showed that the carotenoid composition of the three varieties of oil palm in the presence of 11 types of carotene and the highest percentage composition was β-carotene with a content range of 54.39–56.02%. As for the development of new methods for carotenoid analysis from CPO, namely Raman and FT-NIR spectroscopy with the advantages of being environmentally friendly, not using solvents, and fast measurement compared to methods UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, UPLC, and HPLC.

scholarly journals Design and development of a manually operated oil palm crusher

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Awal ◽  
CK Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Palm Fruits

Palm growers in Bangladesh are currently facing problems to extract crude palm oil from FFB.  The traditional method of palm oil processing is time-consuming, laborious, hazardous, and inefficient resulting in the production of low-quality oil. Though mechanical processing is costly but produces good quality Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and the oil recovery rate is high. A low-cost mechanical (manually operated) oil palm crusher was designed and febricated in the workshop of the Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The crusher was designed by using Auto-Cad software. It was fabricated according to design parameters. It is fabricated by stainless steel (SS) shaft, stainless steel cylinder, mild steel (MS) hopper, (MS) hollow bars, MS pressure case cap & Bearing. It requires a very small rotating force. The cost of the crusher is only BDT 12000, which is within the buying capacity of the farmers of Bangladesh. Crusher was mounted on the table or bench. At first 500 gm fresh palm fruits were taken for experimentation. About 300 gm mesocarp and 200 gm oil palm kernel (nuts) were found from 500 gm oil palm fruits. Heating 300 gm mesocarp about 15 minutes and was weighted 280 gm mesocarp due to moisture loss. About 62 gm crude palm oil, 124 gm oil cake, 88 gm skum were collected from 280 gm mesocarp. The average m.c (wb) of fresh palm fruit was found 20.73%. The crushing capacity of the mesocarp of the crusher was o.84 kg/hr. The rotating speed of the screw was 26 rpm. Crude oil percentage was found 22.14%. The total time to extract 62 gm crude palm oil from 500 gm of fresh fruit was 1hr and 15 minutes. The weight of the crusher is 11 kg which is easy to operate by one man. The overall performance of the crusher was found quite satisfactory and could be useful for smallholder palm growers in Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture 32 (1): 60-70, 2021

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document