scholarly journals A Novel Early Warning System Based on a Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell for In Situ and Real Time Hexavalent Chromium Detection in Industrial Wastewater

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhao ◽  
Pu Liu ◽  
Yongyan Niu ◽  
Zhengjun Chen ◽  
Aman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell

Basis for a flood early-warning system approach in fast-flow  Mediterranean catchments: The case study of Cala reservoir (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Contreras ◽  
Sergio Vela ◽  
Rafael Pimentel ◽  
María José Polo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Shallow Soils

<p>An optimal operation criteria in Mediterranean dams is specially required to prevent damages associated with flood and drought events, which are common and directly connected with the intrinsic seasonal and annual climate variability over these regions. That need is clear in multipurpose dams, that usually include hydropower systems in these catchments. These systems must guarantee an equilibrium between an optimum storage for production and the capacity needed for flood abatement. Specially relevant are torrential flooding events, in which quick decisions need to be taken to prevent not only the associated damages, but also the energy production losses connected to a conservative approach. Those facts are translated into a huge range of possibilities that difficulties the optimization of decision making processes. On the one hand,  several meteorological forecasting systems at different spatiotemporal scales are currently available. However, the greater uncertainty linked to the rapid response time of these catchments limits their use. On the other hand, the insufficient number of control points with available real time measurements (i.e., precipitation gauges and water level controls) challenges the creation of early warning systems with an appropriate uncertainty quantification.</p><p>This study proposes the basis for the definition of an early warning system based on a limited number of real time in situ measurements in a characteristic Mediterranean catchment. The Cala dam (59 hm<sup>3</sup>), located in the Rivera de Cala river, was chosen as an example. Cala dam is mainly used for hydroelectric production, but also for irrigation and leisure activities. Their upstream catchment (535 km<sup>2</sup>) is characterized by agroforestry uses and a quick response to intense precipitation due to steep slopes, shallow soils and groundwater redistribution, which does not favour the lamination of water. In situ historical information from, stations with available real time data in the watershed is used to: (a) define driver indicators of key streamflow states (i.e., a threshold in the cumulative precipitation since the beginning of the hydrological year or precipitation intensity over certain months); and, (b) caracterize and cluster precipitation-runoff events over the catchment. The three resulting most significant three types of events were validated during the last period of the observed data. This information was translated into a decision tree using a conditional structure, constituting the basis of the designed early warning system This scheme allows to identify the potential occurrence of a warning situation, which is fixed by the normal operational rules of the reservoir. Once the flood event is underway, the use of real time information about the water volume stored in the reservoir and the estimated probability of occurrence of an discharge event in the next hour based on antecedents precipitation, are the hydrological indicators to base the decision on together with the generation thresholds and requirements of the hydropower system. The approach is also validated based on historical information within a hindcast process during the validation period.</p>

A Reliability-Based Early Warning System for Real-Time Monitoring on RC Buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 3422-3427
Author(s):  
Wang Sheng Liu ◽  
Ming Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Warning System ◽  
State Function ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
Load Effect

Today there is an urgent need for effective monitoring whether for old buildings or new ones. While conventional early warning system for real-time monitoring is based on safety factor, this paper proposes a new reliability-based framework to monitor the safety of RC buildings probabilistically. The framework includes modeling resistance, predicting probability distribution of load effect, calculating reliability and setting reliability index threshold. The in-situ test data enables to update the resistance model through a Bayesian process. Meanwhile, the observed monitoring data predicts the probability distribution of load effect. FORM is used to calculate the reliability because the limit state function for real-time monitoring is linear and simple. This study shows that the reliability-based early warning system is of more scientific sense in quantifying the safety and may be applied to many engineering fields.

scholarly journals Design of Early Warning System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Gan Bo ◽  
Jin Shan
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Remote Transmission ◽  
Sensor Data Acquisition

In order to solve the shortcomings of the landslide monitoring technology method, a set of landslides monitoring and early warning system is designed. It can achieve real-time sensor data acquisition, remote transmission and query display. In addition, aiming at the harsh environment of landslide monitoring and the performance requirements of the monitoring system, an improved minimum hop routing protocol is proposed. It can reduce network energy consumption, enhance network robustness, and improve node layout and networking flexibility. In order to realize the remote transmission of data, GPRS wireless communication is used to transmit monitoring data. Combined with remote monitoring center, real-time data display, query, preservation and landslide warning and prediction are realized. The results show that the sensor data acquisition system is accurate, the system is stable, and the node network is flexible. Therefore, the monitoring system has a good use value.

scholarly journals Near real-time GPS applications for tsunami early warning systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Falck ◽  
M. Ramatschi ◽  
C. Subarya ◽  
M. Bartsch ◽  
A. Merx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Land Mass

Abstract. GPS (Global Positioning System) technology is widely used for positioning applications. Many of them have high requirements with respect to precision, reliability or fast product delivery, but usually not all at the same time as it is the case for early warning applications. The tasks for the GPS-based components within the GITEWS project (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System, Rudloff et al., 2009) are to support the determination of sea levels (measured onshore and offshore) and to detect co-seismic land mass displacements with the lowest possible latency (design goal: first reliable results after 5 min). The completed system was designed to fulfil these tasks in near real-time, rather than for scientific research requirements. The obtained data products (movements of GPS antennas) are supporting the warning process in different ways. The measurements from GPS instruments on buoys allow the earliest possible detection or confirmation of tsunami waves on the ocean. Onshore GPS measurements are made collocated with tide gauges or seismological stations and give information about co-seismic land mass movements as recorded, e.g., during the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 2004 (Subarya et al., 2006). This information is important to separate tsunami-caused sea height movements from apparent sea height changes at tide gauge locations (sensor station movement) and also as additional information about earthquakes' mechanisms, as this is an essential information to predict a tsunami (Sobolev et al., 2007). This article gives an end-to-end overview of the GITEWS GPS-component system, from the GPS sensors (GPS receiver with GPS antenna and auxiliary systems, either onshore or offshore) to the early warning centre displays. We describe how the GPS sensors have been installed, how they are operated and the methods used to collect, transfer and process the GPS data in near real-time. This includes the sensor system design, the communication system layout with real-time data streaming, the data processing strategy and the final products of the GPS-based early warning system components.

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