scholarly journals Towards Automated Large-Scale 3D Phenotyping of Vineyards under Field Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Rose ◽  
Anna Kicherer ◽  
Markus Wieland ◽  
Lasse Klingbeil ◽  
Reinhard Töpfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Conditions

scholarly journals Innovative Seismic Microzonation Maps of Urban Areas for the Management of Building Heritage: A Catania Case Study

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Glenda Abate ◽  
Simone Bramante ◽  
Maria Rossella Massimino
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Seismic Microzonation ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Scale Estimate

Several urban areas in the Mediterranean have already been subjected to seismic microzonation studies aimed at determining the acceleration expected on the ground surface, therefore mitigating the associated seismic risks. These studies have been generally related to free-field conditions. The present paper shows innovative seismic microzonation maps based on a large-scale estimate of soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects on design accelerations for some areas characterized by a high seismic risk in Catania, Italy. The proposed procedure combined: (1) geotechnical characteristics; (2) building features; and (3) 1-D seismic response analyses in free-field conditions. The seismic hazard and site effects were evaluated using artificial inputs and inputs recorded recently in Catania. Structural fundamental periods and related spectral accelerations, considering both the fixed-base building configuration and flexible-base configuration, were mapped in the Google My Maps environment. These results showed that SSI often had a beneficial effect, but sometimes it had detrimental effects, especially for some masonry buildings. These maps provided important information for planning the seismic retrofitting of investigated buildings, which were based on more detailed analyses of SSI and the developed maps requiring them.

Mixing in Large Scale Tanks: Part IV — Cleaning Nuclear Waste From Tanks

Volume 4 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Augeri ◽  
Michael Hubbard ◽  
Jonathan L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Velocity Modeling ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Equipment Testing

The prototypical Advanced Design Mixer Pump (ADMP) was installed in the center of a nuclear waste tank to suspend settled solids, allowing removal of the solids from the tank with a separate transfer pump. Traditional waste removal methods use multiple (up to four) long shaft vertical pumps for suspending the waste solids. A combination of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modeling, scale modeling, and equipment testing was used to predict the capability of a single mixer pump to suspend radioactive waste solids in liquid using a forty mile per hour discharge jet velocity. Modeling and testing predicted the cleaning effectiveness of the mixer pump to ensure that the majority of waste solids throughout the tank would be suspended for removal to the extent technically and economically practical. In spite of unexpected field conditions and pump phenomena that hindered performance, observation showed that the pump performed as predicted by the modeling and testing.

scholarly journals Plant Associated Rhizobacteria for Biocontrol and Plant Growth Enhancement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiurong Jiao ◽  
Yoko Takishita ◽  
Guisheng Zhou ◽  
Donald L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Greenhouse Production

Crop disease remains a major problem to global food production. Excess use of pesticides through chemical disease control measures is a serious problem for sustainable agriculture as we struggle for higher crop productivity. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a proven environment friendly way of controlling plant disease and increasing crop yield. PGPR suppress diseases by directly synthesizing pathogen-antagonizing compounds, as well as by triggering plant immune responses. It is possible to identify and develop PGPR that both suppress plant disease and more directly stimulate plant growth, bringing dual benefit. A number of PGPR have been registered for commercial use under greenhouse and field conditions and a large number of strains have been identified and proved as effective biocontrol agents (BCAs) under environmentally controlled conditions. However, there are still a number of challenges before registration, large-scale application, and adoption of PGPR for the pest and disease management. Successful BCAs provide strong theoretical and practical support for application of PGPR in greenhouse production, which ensures the feasibility and efficacy of PGPR for commercial horticulture production. This could be pave the way for widespread use of BCAs in agriculture, including under field conditions, to assist with both disease management and climate change conditions.

Inert Particle Agglutination Tests for Detection of Antibody to Enteric Redmouth Bacterium

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2857-2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Hansen ◽  
A. J. Lingg
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Fish Disease ◽  
Inert Particle ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Passive Hemagglutination ◽  
Certification Programs ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Particle Agglutination

Carriers (charcoal particles and latex balls) were sensitized with antigen extracts of enteric redmouth (ERM) bacterium and reacted with serum samples from immunized rabbits and hatchery trout populations. Specificity of the test was evaluated using rabbit antisera prepared against several bacterial fish pathogens. The sensitivity of the test was compared with passive hemagglutination, tube agglutination, and slide agglutination procedures. Preliminary hatchery trials determined the practicality of using these tests under field conditions. The tests were shown to be rapid, reliable, sensitive, and specific serological tools. They would be suitable as supplements to recommended isolation methods in large-scale fish disease inspection and certification programs.

Pollen-mediated gene flow between glyphosate-resistant Brassica napus canola and B. juncea and B. carinata mustard crops under large-scale field conditions in Saskatchewan

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginette Séguin-Swartz ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Suzanne I. Warwick ◽  
Vicky Roslinsky ◽  
Jacqueline A. Nettleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Species Specific

Séguin-Swartz, G., Beckie, H. J., Warwick, S. I., Roslinsky, V., Nettleton, J. A., Johnson, E. N. and Falk, K. C. 2013. Pollen-mediated gene flow between glyphosate-resistant Brassica napus canola and B. juncea and B. carinata mustard crops under large-scale field conditions in Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1083–1087. A Saskatchewan study examined hybridization between two mustard (Brassica juncea and B. carinata) crops that were either adjacent to a glyphosate-resistant canola (B. napus) crop or separated by a 5-m strip. Overall, field hybridization levels, detected with glyphosate resistance and species-specific AFLP markers, were low: 0.024% and up to 400 m in the adjacent B. juncea field and 0.013% (up to 350 m) in the separated field, and 0.005% (up to 150 m) in the adjacent B. carinata field and 0.002% (up to 65 m) in the separated field. Based on fitness information under controlled conditions, the fertility of hybrid plants is expected to be low.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE ON MOSQUITO LARVAL AEDES AEGYPTI, CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS, AND ANOPHELES QUADRIMACULATUS IN LABORATORY AND UNDER SEMI-FIELD CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Md Asaduzzaman Miah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Anopheles Quadrimaculatus ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Mosquito larval control has been conducted by various chemicals and biological agents to reduce mosquito population and mosquito-borne diseases. The larvicidal efficacy of Copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4 ·5H2 O) on Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus was evaluated separately in the laboratory and semi-field conditions. Different concentrations of CuSO4 ·5H2 O (ranging from 1 to 20 ppm) were tested against third (3rd ) instar larvae. Larval mortality was observed at 24, 48 & 72h after exposure and the LC 50 values were determined. In both conditions, larval mortality showed concentration and time dependent correlations i.e. larval mortality was higher with increasing concentration CuSO4 ·5H2 O and exposure time. No mortality was observed in the control (0 ppm). Of the three species tested, Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. quadrimaculatus were more sensitive to CuSO4 ·5H2 O than Ae. aegypti. It was demonstrated that 1.5 -2.25 ppm of CuSO4 ·5H2 O killed more than 50% of Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. quadrimaculatus larvae at 72 h in both laboratory and semi-field conditions, whereas Ae. aegypti could survive easily in these concentrations. Besides, CuSO4 ·5H2 O showed more toxicity to larvae in semi-field conditions than laboratory studies. These results suggest that CuSO4 ·5H2 O could be used as a potential larvicide especially for Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. quadrimaculatus as a low-cost alternative larvicidal agent. Further studies will be needed to confirm its effectiveness in large scale field trials.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Extraction Methods of Tomato on Physiological Quality of Seeds and Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Degwale ◽  
Tiru Tesfa ◽  
Belete Meseret
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Physiological Quality

Abstract Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae is one of the most popular and most processed vegetable crops worldwide with a great nutritional contribution to the human diet. Even though its demand is increasing with increasing profitability, the production constricted by lack of quality seeds due mainly to lack of proper seed extraction method particularly for large scale seed production. Extensive disease epidemics might also be due to unsatisfactory seed extraction method. Empirical evidences are scanty on instant and latent effects of seed extraction methods of tomato seeds. Thus, this study was initiated to investigate the effect of seed extraction methods on physiological quality of seeds and seedlings of tomato. The experiment was carried under laboratory and field conditions in a completely randomized design. Results revealed that the highest germination percent (99.33 and 89.76% under laboratory and field conditions respectively) was obtained at 2% HCl for 60 minutes. Whereas, maximum weight of 1000 seeds (4.277g) was found at 1% of HCl for 30 minutes whereas maximum mycoflora load (36%) was observed from 72 hours fermentation. Yet, no mycoflora was detected from higher concentration (2% and more HCl) and time length (60 minutes and longer time). Seed quality parameters like seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and vigour indices were significantly higher at extraction method of 2% HCl for 60 minutes. Thus it can be concluded that maximum physiological seed quality and best performance of seedlings of tomato can be obtained from 2% HCl for 60 minutes.

Plasma and magnetic field conditions during radar blackouts at Mars.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lester ◽  
Beatriz Sanchez-Cano ◽  
Hermann Opgenoorth
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Zenith Angle ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Local Times ◽  
Plasma Transport ◽  
Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Operational Frequency ◽  
Using Data

<p>Large scale solar wind disturbances such as Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) have a major impact on planetary systems.  At Mars, for example, Solar Energetic Particles released during the process that creates the ICME cause large scale radar blackouts as a result of enhanced ionisation at lower altitudes than normal.  The increased absorption of the radar signals can last for up to 10 – 12 days, depending on the operational frequency of the radar.  These events occur at all latitudes and local times but there does appear to be a peak in occurrence at a solar zenith angle of about 160o, i.e. deep in the tail of the Martian plasma system. Using data from MAVEN, Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter we investigate the background plasma  and magnetic field conditions, which occur at the same time as these events to investigate how the SEP impact on the nightside atmosphere.  This will provide crucial evidence for plasma transport in the Martian system, in particular during the passage of ICMEs.</p>

scholarly journals Genomic basis of transcriptome dynamics in rice under field conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Kashima ◽  
Ryota L. Sakamoto ◽  
Hiroki Saito ◽  
Satoshi Ohkubo ◽  
Ayumi Tezuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines ◽  
Gene Expression Dynamics ◽  
Segment Substitution ◽  
Trait Prediction ◽  
Genomic Basis

How genetic variations affect gene expression dynamics of field-grown plants remains unclear. Using statistical analysis of large-scale time-series RNA-sequencing of field-grown rice from chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs), we identified 1675 expression dynamics quantitative trait loci (edQTLs) leading to polymorphisms in expression dynamics under field conditions. Based on the edQTL and environmental information, we successfully predicted gene expression under environments different from training environments, and in rice cultivars with more complex genotypes than the CSSLs. Overall, edQTL’ identification helped understanding the genetic architecture of expression dynamics under field conditions, which is difficult to assess with laboratory experiments1.The prediction of expression based on edQTL and environmental information will contribute to crop breeding by increasing the accuracy of trait prediction under diverse conditions.

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