scholarly journals Recent Advances in Polymeric Materials Used as Electron Mediators and Immobilizing Matrices in Developing Enzyme Electrodes

Sensors ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 923-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mambo Moyo ◽  
Jonathan O. Okonkwo ◽  
Nana M. Agyei
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Enzyme Electrodes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Electron Mediators

Evaluation of Abrasive Wear of Polymeric Materials Using Single-Pass Pendulum Scratching

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Torres Piza Paes ◽  
Antonio Marcos Rego Motta ◽  
Lauro Lemos Lontra Filho ◽  
Juliano Ose´ias de Morais ◽  
Sine´sio Domingues Franco
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Energy Dissipated

Scratching abrasion due to rubbing against the sediment layer is an important degradation mechanism of flexible cable in deep water oil and natural gas exploitation. The present study was initiated to gain relevant data on the wear behaviour of some commercial materials used to externally protect these cables. So, Comparison tests were carried out using the single-point scratching technique, which consists of a sharp point mounted at the extremity of a pendulum. The energy dissipated during the scratching is used to evaluate the relative scratch resistance. The results showed, that the contact geometry strongly affects the specific scratching energy. Using SEM imaging, it was found, that these changes were related to the operating wear mechanisms. The observed wear mechanisms are also compared with those observed on some cables in deep water operations.

Development of a resistivity standard for polymeric materials used in photovoltaic modules

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Kempe ◽  
David C. Miller ◽  
Dylan L. Nobles ◽  
Keiichiro Sakurai ◽  
John Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Materials Used

The immune system and its response to polymeric materials used for craniofacial regeneration

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia García-Henández ◽  
Janeth Serrano-Bello ◽  
Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez ◽  
Ernesto Cifuentes-Mendiola ◽  
Patricia González-Alva
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Materials Used

A scientific investigation of five polymeric materials used in the conservation of murals in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Bomin ◽  
Zhang Huabing ◽  
Zhang Binjian ◽  
Jiang Deqiang ◽  
Zhang Rui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Mogao Grottoes ◽  
Materials Used

Location Depending Textures of the Human Dental Enamel

2010 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Raue ◽  
Helmut Klein
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Anisotropic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used

Dental enamel is the most highly mineralised and hardest biological tissue in human body [1]. Dental enamel is made of hydroxylapatite (HAP) - Ca5(PO4)3(OH), which is hexagonal (6/m). The lattice parameters are a = b = 0.9418 nm und c = 0.6875 nm [1]. Although HAP is a very hard mineral, it can be dissolved easily in a process which is known as enamel demineralization by lactic acid produced by bacteria. Also the direct consumption of acid (e.g. citric, lactic or phosphoric acid in soft drinks) can harm the dental enamel in a similar way. These processes can damage the dental enamel. It will be dissolved completely and a cavity occurs. The cavity must then be cleaned and filled. It exists a lot of dental fillings, like gold, amalgam, ceramics or polymeric materials. After filling other dangers can occur: The mechanical properties of the materials used to fill cavities can differ strongly from the ones of the dental enamel itself. In the worst case, the filling of a tooth can damage the enamel of the opposite tooth by chewing if the interaction of enamel and filling is not equivalent, so that the harder fillings can abrade the softer enamel of the healthy tooth at the opposite side. This could be avoided if the anisotropic mechanical properties of dental enamel would be known in detail, hence then another filling could be searched or fabricated as an equivalent opponent for the dental enamel with equal properties. To find such a material, one has to characterise the properties of dental enamel first in detail for the different types of teeth (incisor, canine, premolar and molar). This is here exemplary done for a human incisor tooth by texture analysis with the program MAUD from 2D synchrotron transmission images [2,3,4].

scholarly journals In-Depth Study into Polymeric Materials in Low-Density Gastroretentive Formulations

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Nieves Iglesias ◽  
Elsa Galbis ◽  
Lucía Romero-Azogil ◽  
Elena Benito ◽  
Ricardo Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Resident Time ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Oral Dosage Forms

The extensive use of oral dosage forms for the treatment of diseases may be linked to deficient pharmacokinetic properties. In some cases the drug is barely soluble; in others, the rapid transit of the formulation through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) makes it difficult to achieve therapeutic levels in the organism; moreover, some drugs must act locally due to a gastric pathology, but the time they remain in the stomach is short. The use of formulations capable of improving all these parameters, as well as increasing the resident time in the stomach, has been the target of numerous research works, with low-density systems being the most promising and widely explored, however, there is further scope to improve these systems. There are a vast variety of polymeric materials used in low-density gastroretentive systems and a number of methods to improve the bioavailability of the drugs. This works aims to expedite the development of breakthrough approaches by providing an in-depth understanding of the polymeric materials currently used, both natural and synthetic, their properties, advantages, and drawbacks.

scholarly journals Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A Review on the Identification Methods for Polymeric Materials

Recycling ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigorescu ◽  
Grigore ◽  
Iancu ◽  
Ghioca ◽  
Ion
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Materials Used

Considering that the large quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics generated annually causes increasing environmental concerns for their recycling and also for preserving of raw material resources, decreasing of energy consumption, or saving the virgin materials used, the present challenge is considered to be the recovery of individual polymers from waste electrical and electronic equipment. This study aims to provide an update of the main identification methods of waste electrical and electronic equipment such as spectroscopic fingerprinting, thermal study, and sample techniques (like identification code and burning test), and the characteristic values in the case of the different analyses of the polymers commonly used in electrical and electronic equipment. Additionally, the quality of the identification is very important, as, depending on this, new materials with suitable properties can be obtained to be used in different industrial applications. The latest research in the field demonstrated that a complete characterization of individual WEEE (Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment) components is important to obtain information on the chemical and physical properties compared to the original polymers and their compounds. The future directions are heading towards reducing the costs by recycling single polymer plastic waste fractions that can replace virgin plastic at a ratio of almost 1:1.

Characteristics of polymeric materials used in medicine

2019 ◽  
pp. 479-506
Author(s):  
Ernesto David Davidson Hernandez ◽  
Jacobo Rafael Reyes-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Materials Used
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