scholarly journals Air Quality Estimation in Ukraine Using SDG 11.6.2 Indicator Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4769
Author(s):  
Andrii Shelestov ◽  
Hanna Yailymova ◽  
Bohdan Yailymov ◽  
Nataliia Kussul
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Population Data ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
The City

Ukraine is an associate member of the European Union, and in the coming years, it is expected that all the data and services already used by European Union countries will become available for Ukraine. An important program, which is the basis for building European monitoring services for smart cities, is the Copernicus program. The two most important services of this program are the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS) and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). CLMS provides important information on land use in Europe. In the context of smart cities, the most valuable tool is the Urban Atlas service, which is related to local CLMS services and provides a detailed digital city plan in vector form, which is segmented into small functional areas classified by Coordinate Information on the Environment (CORINE) nomenclature. The Urban Atlas is a geospatial layer with high resolution, built for all European cities with a population of more than 100,000. It combines high-resolution satellite data, city segmentation by blocks and functional urban areas (FUAs), important city infrastructure, etc. This product is used as a basis for city planning and obtaining analytics on the most important indicators of city development, including air quality monitoring. For Ukraine, such geospatial products are not provided under the Copernicus program. In this article, FUAs are developed for Ukrainian cities using European technology. It is important to start work on this program’s implementation as early as possible so that when the first city atlas appears, Ukraine will be ready to work with it together with the European community. This requires preparing the basis for national research and training national stakeholders and consumers to use this product. To make this happen, it is necessary to have a national geospatial product that can be used as an analogue of the city atlas. In this article, the authors analyzed the existing methods of air quality assessment and the Global Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 11.6.2, “Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g., PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted)”, achieved for European cities. Based on this, indicator 11.6.2 was then evaluated for the first time in Ukraine, considering the next 5 years. For the correct use of global products for Ukraine, CAMS global satellite data and population data (Global Human Settlement Layer and NASA population data) for Ukrainian cities were validated. These studies showed a statistically significant result and, therefore, demonstrated that global products can be used to monitor air quality both at the city level and for Ukraine as a whole. The obtained results were analyzed, and the values of indicator 11.6.2 for Ukraine were compared with those for other European countries.

scholarly journals Air Quality Estimation in Ukraine Using SDG 11.6.2 Indicator Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Shelestov ◽  
Hanna Yailymova ◽  
Bohdan Yailymov ◽  
Nataliia Kussul
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
City Development ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
Functional Areas

Ukraine is an associate member of the European Union and in the coming years it is expected that all the data and services already used by European Union countries will become available for Ukraine. An important program, which is the basis for building European monitoring services for Smart Cities, is the Copernicus program. The two most important services of this program are Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS) and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). CLMS provides important information on Land Use in Europe. In the context of Smart Cities, the most valuable one is the Urban Atlas service, which is related to local CLMS services and provides a detailed digital city plan in vector form, which is segmented into small functional areas classified by the CORIN nomenclature. The Urban Atlas is a geospatial layer with high-resolution, which is built for all European cities with a population of more than 100,000 that combines high-resolution sat-ellite data, city segmentation by blocks and functional areas, important city infrastructure, etc. This product is used as a basis for city planning and obtaining analytics on the most important indicators of city development including air quality monitoring. For Ukraine, such geospatial products are not provided under the Copernicus program. It is important to start work on its development and implementation as early as possible, so that when the first city atlas appears, Ukraine will be ready to work with it together with the European community. This requires preparing the basis for na-tional research and training national stakeholders and users to use this product. To make this happen it’s necessary to have national geospatial product, which can be used as an analogue of the city atlas. In this article authors analyzed the existing methods of air quality assessment and assessment of the SDG indicator 11.6.2 achieving for European cities, based on which the indicator 11.6.2 for Ukraine for 5 years was evaluated for the first time. The obtained results are analyzed and the values of indicator 11.6.2 for Ukraine are compared with European countries.

scholarly journals Reduced Middle East Air Pollution Linked to Societal Disruption

Eos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnna Wendel
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Economic Distress ◽  
The Individual

Invasions, armed conflict, sanctions, and economic distress correlate with cleaner air in high-resolution satellite data that reveal air quality at the individual city level.

scholarly journals A very high-resolution assessment and modelling of urban air quality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Wolf ◽  
Lasse H. Pettersson ◽  
Igor Esau
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Urban Air Quality ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Large Eddy Simulation Model ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Urban air quality is one of the most prominent environmental concerns for a modern city dweller. Accurate monitoring of air quality is difficult due to intrinsic urban landscape heterogeneity and superposition of multiple polluting sources. Existing approaches often do not provide the necessary spatial details and peak concentrations of pollutants, especially at larger distances from measuring stations. A more advanced approach is needed. This study presents a very high-resolution air quality assessment with the large-eddy simulation model PALM. This fully three-dimensional primitive-equation hydro-dynamical model resolves both structural details of the complex urban surface and turbulent eddies larger than 10 m in size. We ran a set of 9 meteorological scenarios in order to assess the dispersion of pollutants in Bergen, a middle-sized Norwegian city embedded in a coastal valley. This set of scenarios represents typically observed conditions with high air pollution from nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5). The modelling methodology helped to identify pathways and patterns of air pollution caused by the three main local air pollution sources in the city. These are road vehicle traffic, domestic house heating with wood-burning fireplaces and ships docked in the harbour area next to the city centre. The study produced vulnerability maps, highlighting the most impacted districts for each scenario.

scholarly journals Use of Satellite Data for Air Pollution Modeling in Bulgaria

Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-604
Author(s):  
Emilia Georgieva ◽  
Dimiter Syrakov ◽  
Dimiter Atanassov ◽  
Tatiana Spassova ◽  
Maria Dimitrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Pollution Modeling ◽  
Dust Events ◽  
The City

Air pollution continues to be of concern for Bulgarian cities, mainly due to particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10). There is public and expert interest in the improvement of two operational air quality modeling systems: the Bulgarian Chemical Weather Forecast System (BgCWFS) and the Local Air Quality Management System (LAQMS) for the city of Plovdiv. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of satellite data assimilation in BgCWFS on surface concentrations over Bulgaria (resolution 9 km), to downscale BgCWFS output to LAQMS (resolution 250 m), and to examine effects on PM10 in Plovdiv. Data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) (MetOP satellites) for aerosols, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were assimilated in BgCWFS using objective analysis. Simulation experiments with and without satellite data were conducted for a summer and a winter month. The comparison to surface observations in the country showed improvement of results when using satellite data, especially in the summer due to mineral dust events captured by satellites. The decrease in the normalized mean bias (NMB) over the two months was 43% (PM10) and 73% (SO2). The LAQMS estimated background contributions to PM10 in the city as 32%. The absolute NMB by LAQMS decreased by 38%.

scholarly journals Smart City Applications in Historical Environment: Comparison of Istanbul and European Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Sena AKDEMİR ◽  
◽  
Merve KARABEYESER ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The City

Historical cities have difficulties in integrating to infrastructure problems, rapid population growth and smart technological solutions. Smart cities are suggested as solutions for these cities to be liveable and sustainable. The solutions offered to these problems in today's technology yield better results than expected. Smart solutions in the historical environment make great contributions to the cultural and historical sustainability of the city. Studies have been carried out in this context in Istanbul since 1995 and many European countries form strategies within the framework of similar historical circles. Like these cities, İstanbul has actualized similar problems with technological solutions within the scope of "Smart City". In order to provide a holistic view for smart cities in the historical environment, it is aimed to make an assessment of smart city solution in Istanbul.

scholarly journals Time-Dependent Downscaling of PM2.5 Predictions from CAMS Air Quality Models to Urban Monitoring Sites in Budapest

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienn Varga-Balogh ◽  
Ádám Leelőssy ◽  
István Lagzi ◽  
Róbert Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Quality Prediction ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Air Quality Prediction ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
Urban Monitoring ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
The City

Budapest, the capital of Hungary, has been facing serious air pollution episodes in the heating season similar to other metropolises. In the city a dense urban air quality monitoring network is available; however, air quality prediction is still challenging. For this purpose, 24-h PM2.5 forecasts obtained from seven individual models of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) were downscaled by using hourly measurements at six urban monitoring sites in Budapest for the heating season of 2018–2019. A 10-day long training period was applied to fit spatially consistent model weights in a linear combination of CAMS models for each day, and the 10-day additive bias was also corrected. Results were compared to the CAMS ensemble median, the 10-day bias-corrected CAMS ensemble median, and the 24-h persistence. Downscaling reduced the root mean square error (RMSE) by 1.4 µg/m3 for the heating season and by 4.3 µg/m3 for episodes compared to the CAMS ensemble, mainly by eliminating the general underestimation of PM2.5 peaks. As a side-effect, an overestimation was introduced in rapidly clearing conditions. Although the bias-corrected ensemble and model fusion had similar overall performance, the latter was more efficient in episodes. Downscaling of the CAMS models was found to be capable and necessary to capture high wintertime PM2.5 concentrations for the short-range air quality prediction in Budapest.

scholarly journals Emissions and Concentrations of Particulate Matter in Poznan Compared with Other Polish and European Cities

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Jasiński ◽  
Marta Galant-Gołębiewska ◽  
Mateusz Nowak ◽  
Karolina Kurtyka ◽  
Paula Kurzawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Portable Equipment ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Similar Area ◽  
The City

It is estimated that the excessive emission of airborne particulate matter shortens the life expectancy of a European city inhabitant by up to eight months. The conducted comparison shows the emission and concentration of PM10 in Poznan against the supra-regional background. The purpose of the comparison with similar area and population cities is to identify the position of the Poznan agglomeration in terms of particulate matter emissions. The main sources are: original research, PM official measuring stations’ data, and the relevant organizations’ reports. On the basis of the conducted comparison, it can be concluded that Wroclaw and Poznan achieve very similar results in terms of emissions. Cracow, on the other hand, as a city where for several years there have been significant problems with the phenomenon of smog and excessive emission of particulate matter, reaches extremely different values compared to Poznan. The article presents also the air quality in Poznan and other Polish and European cities. There were also measurements of PM mass and number conducted in Poznan. The results show that there is a significant difference between the air quality measured at official measuring stations (only some of them are measuring PMs at all) and that measured with portable equipment in different parts of the city.

scholarly journals Automated Building Detection from Airborne LiDAR and Very High-Resolution Aerial Imagery with Deep Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4803
Author(s):  
Sani Success Ojogbane ◽  
Shattri Mansor ◽  
Bahareh Kalantar ◽  
Zailani Bin Khuzaimah ◽  
Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Building Detection ◽  
Stream Channels

The detection of buildings in the city is essential in several geospatial domains and for decision-making regarding intelligence for city planning, tax collection, project management, revenue generation, and smart cities, among other areas. In the past, the classical approach used for building detection was by using the imagery and it entailed human–computer interaction, which was a daunting proposition. To tackle this task, a novel network based on an end-to-end deep learning framework is proposed to detect and classify buildings features. The proposed CNN has three parallel stream channels: the first is the high-resolution aerial imagery, while the second stream is the digital surface model (DSM). The third was fixed on extracting deep features using the fusion of channel one and channel two, respectively. Furthermore, the channel has eight group convolution blocks of 2D convolution with three max-pooling layers. The proposed model’s efficiency and dependability were tested on three different categories of complex urban building structures in the study area. Then, morphological operations were applied to the extracted building footprints to increase the uniformity of the building boundaries and produce improved building perimeters. Thus, our approach bridges a significant gap in detecting building objects in diverse environments; the overall accuracy (OA) and kappa coefficient of the proposed method are greater than 80% and 0.605, respectively. The findings support the proposed framework and methodologies’ efficacy and effectiveness at extracting buildings from complex environments.

scholarly journals Uşak Şehrinde Okullara Erişebilirliğin Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) İle Analizi / Analysis of Accessibility of Schools in Uşak City via Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adem Sezer ◽  
Mehmet Deniz ◽  
Mustafa Topuz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Education ◽  
The Road ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Towards the end of the 20th century, technologically advanced societies have linked the infrastructure and service sectors of the city with technology to reduce population pressure on cities and to sustain welfare. With this aim, state and city managers aimed to accelerate the operation of services. This situation has led to the establishment of the basics for the creation of smart cities. The areas of use of spatial analysis have also increased with the developing smart city systems. When spatial analyzes are associated with GIS, it becomes very useful for urban studies. Accessibility to schools in the city of Uşak is also an example of this type of spatial analysis. In the study, accessible areas were determined by applying network analysis to the schools in Uşak city. While the data set used in the analysis was created, the locations of the schools taken from Uşak Provincial Directorate of National Education, the number of students, teachers and classrooms, the road and building data obtained from the zoning plan of Uşak Municipality, and the OpenStreetMap vector data were used. In addition, population data of the study area were obtained from TURKSTAT by age. The analysis was applied to the distances and alternative distances specified in the law and the accessable areas were determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the biggest problem in accessibility was in kindergartens. As far away from the center as primary and secondary schools, problems were observed in the walls of the city. In high schools, almost all the city remains within the domain. Considering the adequacy of the educational institutions, it is observed that there are a large number of students per teacher and classroom in kindergartens.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>20. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru teknolojik açıdan ilerleyen toplumlar şehirlerin üzerinde oluşan nüfus baskısını azaltmak ve refahı sürdürülebilir kılmak için şehrin altyapı ve hizmet sektörlerini teknoloji ile ilişkilendirmişlerdir. Bu gaye ile devlet ve kent yöneticileri hizmetlerin işleyişini hızlandırmayı amaçlamışlardır. Bu durum akıllı kentlerin oluşmasına zemin hazırlayan çalışmaların yapılmasına sebep olmuştur. Gelişen akıllı kent sistemleri ile mekânsal analizlerin kullanım alanları da artmıştır. Mekânsal analizler CBS ile ilişkilendirildiğinde kent çalışmaları için oldukça kullanışlı hale gelmektedir. Çalışmanın amacını da oluşturan Uşak şehrindeki okullara erişilebilirlik bu tipteki mekânsal analizlere bir örnektir.  Çalışmada Uşak şehrinde bulunan eğitim kurumlarına network(ağ) analizi uygulanarak erişilebilir alanlar belirlenmiştir. Analizde kullanılan veri seti oluşturulurken Uşak İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğünden alınan eğitim kurumlarının konumları, öğrenci, öğretmen ve derslik sayıları, Uşak Belediyesinden alınan imar planından elde edilen yol ve yapı verileri ile OpenStreetMap vektör verilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma sahasının yaş çağlarına göre nüfus verisi TÜİK'ten temin edilmiştir. Analiz yasalarda belirtilen mesafelere ve alternatif mesafelere uygulanarak erişebilir alanlar belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda erişebilirlikte en büyük problemin anaokullarında olduğu belirlenmiştir. İlkokul ve ortaokullarda merkezden uzaklaştıkça şehrin çeperlerinde problemlerin olduğu görülmüştür. Liselerde ise hemen hemen bütün şehir etki alanı içerisinde kalmaktadır. Eğitim kurumlarının yeterliliğine bakıldığında yine anaokullarına öğretmen ve derslik başına düşen öğrenci sayılarının fazla olduğu göze çarpmaktadır.</p>

scholarly journals ADVANCED EXTRACTION OF SPATIAL INFORMATION FROM HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B3 ◽  
pp. 905-907
Author(s):  
T. Pour ◽  
J. Burian ◽  
J. Miřijovský
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Second Step ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Areas Of Interest

In this paper authors processed five satellite image of five different Middle-European cities taken by five different sensors. The aim of the paper was to find methods and approaches leading to evaluation and spatial data extraction from areas of interest. For this reason, data were firstly pre-processed using image fusion, mosaicking and segmentation processes. Results going into the next step were two polygon layers; first one representing single objects and the second one representing city blocks. In the second step, polygon layers were classified and exported into Esri shapefile format. Classification was partly hierarchical expert based and partly based on the tool SEaTH used for separability distinction and thresholding. Final results along with visual previews were attached to the original thesis. Results are evaluated visually and statistically in the last part of the paper. In the discussion author described difficulties of working with data of large size, taken by different sensors and different also thematically.

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