scholarly journals City-Scale Mapping of Urban Façade Color Using Street-View Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591
Author(s):  
Teng Zhong ◽  
Cheng Ye ◽  
Zian Wang ◽  
Guoan Tang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Regular Grids ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Street View ◽  
Gray Tone ◽  
High Level

Precise urban façade color is the foundation of urban color planning. Nevertheless, existing research on urban colors usually relies on manual sampling due to technical limitations, which brings challenges for evaluating urban façade color with the co-existence of city-scale and fine-grained resolution. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based approach for mapping the urban façade color using street-view imagery. The dominant color of the urban façade (DCUF) is adopted as an indicator to describe the urban façade color. A case study in Shenzhen was conducted to measure the urban façade color using Baidu Street View (BSV) panoramas, with city-scale mapping of the urban façade color in both irregular geographical units and regular grids. Shenzhen’s urban façade color has a gray tone with low chroma. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has a high level of accuracy for the extraction of the urban façade color. In short, this study contributes to the development of urban color planning by efficiently analyzing the urban façade color with higher levels of validity across city-scale areas. Insights into the mapping of the urban façade color from the humanistic perspective could facilitate higher quality urban space planning and design.

Down the deep rabbit hole: Untangling deep learning from machine learning and artificial intelligence

First Monday ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niel Chah
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Technical Guide ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
High Level

Interest in deep learning, machine learning, and artificial intelligence from industry and the general public has reached a fever pitch recently. However, these terms are frequently misused, confused, and conflated. This paper serves as a non-technical guide for those interested in a high-level understanding of these increasingly influential notions by exploring briefly the historical context of deep learning, its public presence, and growing concerns over the limitations of these techniques. As a first step, artificial intelligence and machine learning are defined. Next, an overview of the historical background of deep learning reveals its wide scope and deep roots. A case study of a major deep learning implementation is presented in order to analyze public perceptions shaped by companies focused on technology. Finally, a review of deep learning limitations illustrates systemic vulnerabilities and a growing sense of concern over these systems.

scholarly journals Review Penerapan Konsep Kota Hijau Pada Perumahan Klaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Yosi Bruina Waspodo ◽  
Muhammar Khamdevi
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Green City

This study discusses the analysis of the application of the concept of green city in cluster dwellings in Gading Serpong. The selected case studies are Desa Menteng and Grand Amarillo. The selection of case study objects is based on awards obtained from property awards. This study tries to uncover the theory of the concept of a green city that is now used by P2KH (Green City Organizers' Alloy). Assessment uses indicators determined by P2KH Licenses; Green City Planning and Design, Green Open Space Planning, Efficient Energy Consumption (Green Energy), Effective Water Management (Green Water), Environmentally Friendly Waste Management (Green Waste), Green Buildings, Sustainable Transportation System Implementation (Transportation Green), Increasing the Role of Communities as Green Communities. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The final results found by one cluster according to the specified criteria are not yet clustered.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Guansong Pang ◽  
Chunhua Shen ◽  
Longbing Cao ◽  
Anton Van Den Hengel
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Novelty Detection ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Active Research ◽  
High Level ◽  
Critical Direction

Anomaly detection, a.k.a. outlier detection or novelty detection, has been a lasting yet active research area in various research communities for several decades. There are still some unique problem complexities and challenges that require advanced approaches. In recent years, deep learning enabled anomaly detection, i.e., deep anomaly detection , has emerged as a critical direction. This article surveys the research of deep anomaly detection with a comprehensive taxonomy, covering advancements in 3 high-level categories and 11 fine-grained categories of the methods. We review their key intuitions, objective functions, underlying assumptions, advantages, and disadvantages and discuss how they address the aforementioned challenges. We further discuss a set of possible future opportunities and new perspectives on addressing the challenges.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity Study of the Visual Features Based on Geographically Weighted Principal Components Analysis Applied to an Urban Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13488
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Shutong Yang ◽  
Shijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Street View ◽  
Components Analysis

Communities in urban space are the most basic living units. Community visual features directly reflect the local living quality and influence the perception of residents and visitors. The evaluation of the community visual features is of great significance to the space design under the guidance of urban landscape recognition and urban space perception. Based on the street view image data, this paper analyzes the composition of visual features in the community space scale by using the geographically weighted principal components analysis. GWPCA can not only reflect the global characteristics, but also analyze the local components, thus describing the visual features of the community in a comprehensive manner. The results show that: (1) community visual features have significant spatial heterogeneity at different statistical scales, and the spatial heterogeneity of community visual features can provide a basis for urban landscape planning and design; (2) the combination mode of dominant visual elements can reflect different community landscapes. The analysis of this paper further illustrates the effectiveness and application prospect of street view images in identifying the landscape composition mode of urban space from the medium-micro perspective. This conclusion is helpful for planners to learn the dominant visual features of the community through street view images, and, further, use the classification of elements of street view images to guide the planning and design of cityscape.

scholarly journals A Research on Public Space Planning of Rural Architecture Based on Villagers’ Perception: A Case Study of Xingjing Town, Xixia District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 02039
Author(s):  
Lyu Gui-fen
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
Good Environment

In the context of rapid global urbanization, rural villagers’ demand for public space is increasing. This article understands the development of rural public space through the perception of villagers. Using literature research method, questionnaire survey method, field investigation method and other methods, the investigation results of villagers’ behavior in rural public spaces and villagers’ satisfaction were analyzed. The study found that the villagers’ demand for public space is mostly in terms of accessibility, good landscape, and good environment. The villagers hope that the town can have more public spaces to enrich life. Therefore, based on the conclusions of villagers’ perception survey and research, this article studies the planning and design strategies of rural architecture public spaces.

scholarly journals Device Hopping

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Paul Metzger ◽  
Volker Seeker ◽  
Christian Fensch ◽  
Murray Cole
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
Code Size ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Scheduling Policy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Many Core ◽  
Execution Models ◽  
Current Systems

Existing OS techniques for homogeneous many-core systems make it simple for single and multithreaded applications to migrate between cores. Heterogeneous systems do not benefit so fully from this flexibility, and applications that cannot migrate in mid-execution may lose potential performance. The situation is particularly challenging when a switch of language runtime would be desirable in conjunction with a migration. We present a case study in making heterogeneous CPU + GPU systems more flexible in this respect. Our technique for fine-grained application migration, allows switches between OpenMP, OpenCL, and CUDA execution, in conjunction with migrations from GPU to CPU, and CPU to GPU. To achieve this, we subdivide iteration spaces into slices, and consider migration on a slice-by-slice basis. We show that slice sizes can be learned offline by machine learning models. To further improve performance, memory transfers are made migration-aware. The complexity of the migration capability is hidden from programmers behind a high-level programming model. We present a detailed evaluation of our mid-kernel migration mechanism with the First Come, First Served scheduling policy. We compare our technique in a focused evaluation scenario against idealized kernel-by-kernel scheduling, which is typical for current systems, and makes perfect kernel to device scheduling decisions, but cannot migrate kernels mid-execution. Models show that up to 1.33× speedup can be achieved over these systems by adding fine-grained migration. Our experimental results with all nine applicable SHOC and Rodinia benchmarks achieve speedups of up to 1.30× (1.08× on average) over an implementation of a perfect but kernel-migration incapable scheduler when migrated to a faster device. Our mechanism and slice size choices introduce an average slowdown of only 2.44% if kernels never migrate. Lastly, our programming model reduces the code size by at least 88% if compared to manual implementations of migratable kernels.

Work Life Balance Of Female Crew In The Aviation Industry: A Case Study

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
Dr. D. Shoba ◽  
Dr. G. Suganthi
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Work Pressure ◽  
Women Employees ◽  
High Level

Employees and employers are facing issues in work life balance. It has become a difficult domain now, because the work needs have increased due to an increase in work pressure and complexities in handling the technology. As there are drastic changes in the rules and regulations in the work scenario of the aviation industry, it makes work life balance of employees difficult and set more hurdles. Hence there are many distractions and imbalances in the life of women employees in the aviation industry working across all levels. This work pressure is creating high level of hurdles in maintaining a harmonious job and family life, especially for female aviation employees. Data is collected from 50 female crew members working at Cochin International Airport. The objective of this study is to analyze the work life balance of working females of Cochin International Airport and its influence on their personal and specialized lives. The result of the study shows that the management should frame certain policies which will help employees to have the balance among their personal and expert lives.

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