scholarly journals Change of CO Concentration Due to the COVID-19 Lockdown in China Observed by Surface and Satellite Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Minqiang Zhou ◽  
Jingyi Jiang ◽  
Bavo Langerock ◽  
Bart Dils ◽  
Mahesh Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

The nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 reduced industrial and human activities in China. In this study, we investigate atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) concentration changes during the lockdown from observations at the surface and from two satellites (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)). It is found that the average CO surface concentration in 2020 was close to that in 2019 before the lockdown, and became 18.7% lower as compared to 2019 during the lockdown. The spatial variation of the change in the CO surface concentration is high, with an 8–27% reduction observed for Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, and Guangzhou, and almost no change in Wuhan. The TROPOMI and IASI satellite observations show that the CO columns decreased by 2–13% during the lockdown in most regions in China. However in South China, there was an 8.8% increase in the CO columns observed by TROPOMI and a 36.7% increase observed by IASI, which is contrary to the 23% decrease in the surface CO concentration. The enhancement of the CO column in South China is strongly affected by the fire emissions transported from Southeast Asia. This study provides an insight into the impact of COVID-19 on CO concentrations both at the surface and in the columns in China, and it can be extended to evaluate other areas using the same approach.

scholarly journals Nitrogen oxides and PAN in plumes from boreal fires during ARCTAS-B and their impact on ozone: an integrated analysis of aircraft and satellite observations

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 15325-15377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Alvarado ◽  
J. A. Logan ◽  
J. Mao ◽  
E. Apel ◽  
D. Riemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Smoke Plumes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aircraft Data

Abstract. We determine enhancement ratios for NOx, PAN, and other NOy species from boreal biomass burning using aircraft data obtained during the ARCTAS-B campaign and examine the impact of these emissions on tropospheric ozone in the Arctic. We find an initial emission factor for NOx of 1.06 g NO per kg dry matter (DM) burned, much lower than previous observations of boreal plumes, and also one third the value recommended for extratropical fires. Our analysis provides the first observational confirmation of rapid PAN formation in a boreal smoke plume, with 40% of the initial NOx emissions being converted to PAN in the first few hours after emission. We find little clear evidence for ozone formation in the boreal smoke plumes during ARCTAS-B in either aircraft or satellite observations, or in model simulations. Only a third of the smoke plumes observed by the NASA DC8 showed a correlation between ozone and CO, and ozone was depleted in the plumes as often as it was enhanced. Special observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) also show little evidence for enhanced ozone in boreal smoke plumes between 15 June and 15 July 2008. Of the 22 plumes observed by TES, only 4 showed ozone increasing within the smoke plumes, and even in those cases it was unclear that the increase was caused by fire emissions. Using the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry model, we show that boreal fires during ARCTAS-B had little impact on the median ozone profile measured over Canada, and had little impact on ozone within the smoke plumes observed by TES.

scholarly journals Nitrogen oxides and PAN in plumes from boreal fires during ARCTAS-B and their impact on ozone: an integrated analysis of aircraft and satellite observations

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 9739-9760 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Alvarado ◽  
J. A. Logan ◽  
J. Mao ◽  
E. Apel ◽  
D. Riemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Smoke Plumes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aircraft Data

Abstract. We determine enhancement ratios for NOx, PAN, and other NOy species from boreal biomass burning using aircraft data obtained during the ARCTAS-B campaign and examine the impact of these emissions on tropospheric ozone in the Arctic. We find an initial emission factor for NOx of 1.06 g NO per kg dry matter (DM) burned, much lower than previous observations of boreal plumes, and also one third the value recommended for extratropical fires. Our analysis provides the first observational confirmation of rapid PAN formation in a boreal smoke plume, with 40% of the initial NOx emissions being converted to PAN in the first few hours after emission. We find little clear evidence for ozone formation in the boreal smoke plumes during ARCTAS-B in either aircraft or satellite observations, or in model simulations. Only a third of the smoke plumes observed by the NASA DC8 showed a correlation between ozone and CO, and ozone was depleted in the plumes as often as it was enhanced. Special observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) also show little evidence for enhanced ozone in boreal smoke plumes between 15 June and 15 July 2008. Of the 22 plumes observed by TES, only 4 showed ozone increasing within the smoke plumes, and even in those cases it was unclear that the increase was caused by fire emissions. Using the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry model, we show that boreal fires during ARCTAS-B had little impact on the median ozone profile measured over Canada, and had little impact on ozone within the smoke plumes observed by TES.

scholarly journals Air quality simulations of wildfires in the Pacific Northwest evaluated with surface and satellite observations during the summers of 2007 and 2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 11103-11152
Author(s):  
F. L. Herron-Thorpe ◽  
G. H. Mount ◽  
L. K. Emmons ◽  
B. K. Lamb ◽  
D. A. Jaffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Sparse Matrix ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Aqua Satellite ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Evaluation of a regional air quality forecasting system for the Pacific Northwest was carried out for the 2007 and 2008 fire seasons using suite of surface and satellite observations. Wildfire events in the Pacific Northwest during the summers of 2007 and 2008 were simulated using the Air Information Report for Public Access and Community Tracking v.3 (AIRPACT-3) framework utilizing the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Fire emissions were simulated using the BlueSky framework with fire locations determined by the Satellite Mapping Automated Reanalysis Tool for Fire Incident Reconciliation (SMARTFIRE). Plume rise was simulated using two different methods: the Fire Emission Production Simulator (FEPS) and the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) model. Predicted plume top heights were compared to the Cloud-Aerosol LIDAR with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument aboard the Cloud Aerosol LIDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite. Carbon monoxide predictions were compared to the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard the Aqua satellite. Horizontal distributions of column aerosol optical depth (AOD) were compared to retrievals by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument aboard the Aqua satellite. Model tropospheric nitrogen dioxide distributions were compared to retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard the Aura satellite. Surface ozone and PM2.5 predictions were compared to surface observations. The AIRPACT-3 model captured the location and transport direction of fire events well, but sometimes missed the timing of fire events and overall underestimated the impact of wildfire events at regional surface monitor locations. During the 2007 fire period the fractional biases of AIRPACT-3 for average 24 h PM2.5, maximum daily average 8 h Ozone, AOD, total column CO, and tropospheric column NO2 were found to be −33%, −8%, −61%, −10%, and −39%, respectively; while during the 2008 fire period the fractional biases were −27%, +1%, −53%, −5%, and −28%, respectively. Fractional biases of AIRPACT-3 plume tops were found to be −46% above mean sea level (a.m.s.l.), but only −28% above ground level (a.g.l.), partly due to the under-estimation of AIRPACT-3 elevation in complex terrain that results from the 12 km grid-cell smoothing.

scholarly journals Decadal record of satellite carbon monoxide observations

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 837-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Worden ◽  
M. N. Deeter ◽  
C. Frankenberg ◽  
M. George ◽  
F. Nichitiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
The United States ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) distributions are controlled by anthropogenic emissions, biomass burning, transport and oxidation by reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH). Quantifying trends in CO is therefore important for understanding changes related to all of these contributions. Here we present a comprehensive record of satellite observations from 2000 through 2011 of total column CO using the available measurements from nadir-viewing thermal infrared instruments: MOPITT, AIRS, TES and IASI. We examine trends for CO in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres along with regional trends for Eastern China, Eastern USA, Europe and India. We find that all the satellite observations are consistent with a modest decreasing trend ~ −1 % yr−1 in total column CO over the Northern Hemisphere for this time period and a less significant, but still decreasing trend in the Southern Hemisphere. Although decreasing trends in the United States and Europe have been observed from surface CO measurements, we also find a decrease in CO over E. China that, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously. Some of the interannual variability in the observations can be explained by global fire emissions, but the overall decrease needs further study to understand the implications for changes in anthropogenic emissions.

scholarly journals Monitoring emissions from the 2015 Indonesian fires using CO satellite data

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1760) ◽  
pp. 20170307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narcisa Nechita-Banda ◽  
Maarten Krol ◽  
Guido R. van der Werf ◽  
Johannes W. Kaiser ◽  
Sudhanshu Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Southeast Asia, in particular Indonesia, has periodically struggled with intense fire events. These events convert substantial amounts of carbon stored as peat to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and significantly affect atmospheric composition on a regional to global scale. During the recent 2015 El Niño event, peat fires led to strong enhancements of carbon monoxide (CO), an air pollutant and well-known tracer for biomass burning. These enhancements were clearly observed from space by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instruments. We use these satellite observations to estimate CO fire emissions within an inverse modelling framework. We find that the derived CO emissions for each sub-region of Indonesia and Papua are substantially different from emission inventories, highlighting uncertainties in bottom-up estimates. CO fire emissions based on either MOPITT or IASI have a similar spatial pattern and evolution in time, and a 10% uncertainty based on a set of sensitivity tests we performed. Thus, CO satellite data have a high potential to complement existing operational fire emission estimates based on satellite observations of fire counts, fire radiative power and burned area, in better constraining fire occurrence and the associated conversion of peat carbon to atmospheric CO 2 . A total carbon release to the atmosphere of 0.35–0.60 Pg C can be estimated based on our results. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications'.

scholarly journals Comparisons of IASI-A and AATSR measurements of top-of-atmosphere radiance over an extended period

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 3325-3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manik Bali ◽  
Jonathan P. Mittaz ◽  
Eileen Maturi ◽  
Mitchell D. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Response ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Orbital Maneuvers ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
Along Track ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Very High ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. This study examines the trustworthiness of the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI-A), as on-orbit reference instruments that are useful in re-calibrating the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) series (Mittaz and Harris, 2011). To do this, a 39-month period (1 January 2008 to 31 March 2011) of AATSR and IASI-A inter-comparisons of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance measurements is examined. Our inter-comparison reveals features of the AATSR and IASI-A bias with respect to scan angle, scene temperature, time and orbital maneuvers, and gives insight into their trustworthiness as an in-orbit reference instruments. The first feature that our study reveals is that the AATSR (nadir view) and IASI-A are both stable (have no perceptible trends in the period of study). The second feature is that IASI-A is perhaps more accurate ( ∼  0.05 K) than its stated accuracy (0.5 K). In fact the AATSR and IASI-A bias is close to the AATSR pre-launch bias (plus a small offset of +0.07 K) implying that IASI-A can get close to pre-launch levels of accuracy. Third, a very small scan angular dependence of AATSR and IASI-A bias indicates that the IASI-A response vs. scan angle algorithm is robust, while the instrument is in orbit. Inter-comparisons of AATSR with IASI-A further reveal the impact of orbital maneuvers of the ENVISAT, the platform carrying AATSR, done in October 2011 and not anticipated previously. Our study reveals that this maneuver introduced a temperature-dependent bias in the AATSR measurements for low temperatures (< 240 K) in the period following this maneuver (Cocevar et al., 2011). Our study also shows that the known AATSR 12 µm channel offset is in fact temperature dependent, grows up to 0.4 K, varies seasonally and is correlated with instrument temperature and cannot be corrected by shifting the spectral response function (SRF) of AATSR. We also present a set of recommendations to help identify the parameters under which these instruments can provide the most trustworthy observations for the AVHRR re-calibration.

scholarly journals Decadal record of satellite carbon monoxide observations

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 25703-25741
Author(s):  
H. M. Worden ◽  
M. N. Deeter ◽  
C. Frankenberg ◽  
M. George ◽  
F. Nichitiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
The United States ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) distributions are controlled by anthropogenic emissions, biomass burning, transport and oxidation by reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH). Quantifying trends in CO is therefore important for understanding changes related to all of these contributions. Here we present a comprehensive record of satellite observations from 2000 through 2011 of total column CO using the available measurements from nadir-viewing thermal infrared instruments: MOPITT, AIRS, TES and IASI. We examine trends for CO in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres along with regional trends for Eastern China, Eastern USA, Europe and India. We find that all the satellite observations are consistent with a modest decreasing trend ∼−1% yr−1 in total column CO over the Northern Hemisphere for this time period and a less significant, but still decreasing trend in the Southern Hemisphere. Although decreasing trends in the United States and Europe have been observed from surface CO measurements, we also find a decrease in CO over E. China that, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously. Some of the interannual variability in the observations can be explained by global fire emissions, but the overall decrease needs further study to understand the implications for changes in anthropogenic emissions.

scholarly journals Hindcast experiments of tropospheric composition during the summer 2010 fires over western Russia

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 4341-4364 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Huijnen ◽  
J. Flemming ◽  
J. W. Kaiser ◽  
A. Inness ◽  
J. Leitão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Radiative Power ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Assimilation System ◽  
Fire Radiative Power

Abstract. The severe wildfires in western Russia during July–August 2010 coincided with a strong heat wave and led to large emissions of aerosols and trace gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides into the troposphere. This extreme event is used to evaluate the ability of the global MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate) atmospheric composition forecasting system to provide analyses of large-scale pollution episodes and to test the respective influence of a priori emission information and data assimilation on the results. Daily 4-day hindcasts were conducted using assimilated aerosol optical depth (AOD), CO, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) data from a range of satellite instruments. Daily fire emissions were used from the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) version 1.0, derived from satellite fire radiative power retrievals. The impact of accurate wildfire emissions is dominant on the composition in the boundary layer, whereas the assimilation system influences concentrations throughout the troposphere, reflecting the vertical sensitivity of the satellite instruments. The application of the daily fire emissions reduces the area-average mean bias by 63% (for CO), 60% (O3) and 75% (NO2) during the first 24 h with respect to independent satellite observations, compared to a reference simulation with a multi-annual mean climatology of biomass burning emissions. When initial tracer concentrations are further constrained by data assimilation, biases are reduced by 87, 67 and 90%. The forecast accuracy, quantified by the mean bias up to 96 h lead time, was best for all compounds when using both the GFAS emissions and assimilation. The model simulations suggest an indirect positive impact of O3 and CO assimilation on hindcasts of NO2 via changes in the oxidizing capacity. However, the quality of local hindcasts was strongly dependent on the assumptions made for forecasted fire emissions. This was well visible from a relatively poor forecast accuracy quantified by the root mean square error, as well as the temporal correlation with respect to ground-based CO total column data and AOD. This calls for a more advanced method to forecast fire emissions than the currently adopted persistency approach. The combined analysis of fire radiative power observations, multiple trace gas and aerosol satellite observations, as provided by the MACC system, results in a detailed quantitative description of the impact of major fires on atmospheric composition, and demonstrate the capabilities for the real-time analysis and forecasts of large-scale fire events.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document