scholarly journals Synthesizing a Regional Territorial Evapotranspiration Dataset for Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Linjiang Wang ◽  
Bingfang Wu ◽  
Abdelrazek Elnashar ◽  
Hongwei Zeng ◽  
Weiwei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Weighted Mean

As a vital role in the processes of the energy balance and hydrological cycles, actual evapotranspiration (ET) is relevant to many agricultural, ecological and water resource management studies. The available global or regional ET products provide ET estimations with various temporal ranges, spatial resolutions and calculation methods (algorithms, inputs and parameterization, etc.), leading to varying degrees of introduced uncertainty. Northern China is the main agriculturally productive region supporting the whole country; thus, understanding the spatial and temporal changes in ET is essential to ensure water resource and food security. We developed a synthesis ET dataset for Northern China at a 1000 m spatial resolution, with a monthly temporal resolution covering a period ranging from 1982 to 2017, using an in-depth assessment of several ET products. Specifically, assessments were performed using in situ measured ET from eddy covariance (EC) observation towers at the site-pixel scale over interannual months under the conditions of different land cover types, climatic zones and elevation levels to select the most optimally performing ET products to be used in the synthesized ET dataset. Eight indicators under 21 conditions were involved in the assessment sheet, while the statistics of the different ET product occurrences and corresponding ratios were analyzed to select the best-performing ET products to build the synthesis ET dataset using the weighted mean method. The weights were determined by the Taylor skill score (TSS), calculated with ET products and EC ET observation data. Based on the assessment results, the Penman–Monteith–Leuning (PML_v2), ETWatch and Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) datasets were selected for implementation in the synthesis ET dataset from 2003 to 2017, while Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) v3.3a, complementary relationship (CR) ET, and Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG) datasets were chosen for the synthesis ET dataset from 1982 to 2002. The weighted mean synthesized results from 2003 to 2017 performed well when compared to the in situ measured EC ET values produced under all of the above conditions, while the synthesized results from 1982 to 2002 performed well through the water balance method in Heihe River Basin. These results can provide more stable ET estimations for Northern China, which can contribute to relevant agricultural, ecological and hydrological studies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of regional water security in China based on dualistic water cycle theory

Water Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Liu ◽  
Yangwen Jia ◽  
Cunwen Niu ◽  
Yongde Gan ◽  
Fei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Regional Water

Abstract Water security is the basis of sustainable human development. A new evaluation system of water security was established based on the natural–social dualistic water cycle theory, and then applied to characterize water security issues in China. At the national scale, the current state of water security was moderate, which was attributed to the improvement of water resource management level. However, it is still seriously inadequate in coordination of water use between ecological protection and socio-economic development, and wastewater treatment and reuse. Consequently, a resilient and integrated water management with adaptive capacity is needed. Moreover, the water security state in southern China was better than that in northern China, which was mainly attributed to the abundance of water resources in the south. Although the critical factors hindering water security were significantly different among China's 31 administrative regions, the low urban sewage reuse rate was a common factor, and irrigation efficiency was low in most parts of southern China. While in northern China, water resource overexploitation, polluted water quality and degraded aquatic ecosystems were common challenges. The results are consistent with the actual situations of China, and the related analysis can provide a reference for increasing regional water security.

scholarly journals Assessing the value of seasonal hydrological forecasts for improving water resource management: insights from a pilot application in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Peñuela ◽  
Christopher Hutton ◽  
Francesca Pianosi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Forecast Skill ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. Improved skill of long-range weather forecasts has motivated an increasing effort towards developing seasonal hydrological forecasting systems across Europe. Among other purposes, such forecasting systems are expected to support better water management decisions. In this paper we evaluate the potential use of a real-time optimisation system (RTOS) informed by seasonal forecasts in a water supply system in the UK. For this purpose, we simulate the performances of the RTOS fed by ECMWF seasonal forecasting systems (SEAS5) over the past ten years, and we compare them to a benchmark operation that mimics the common practices for reservoir operation in the UK. We also attempt to link the improvement of system performances, i.e. the forecast value, to the forecast skill (measured by the mean error and the Continuous Ranked Probability Skill Score) as well as other factors such as bias correction, the decision maker priorities, hydrological conditions and level of uncertainty consideration. We find that some of these factors control the forecast value much more strongly than the forecast skill. For the (realistic) scenario where the decision-maker prioritises water resource availability over energy cost reductions, we identify clear operational benefits from using seasonal forecasts, provided that forecast uncertainty is explicitly considered. However, when comparing the use of ECMWF-SEAS5 products to ensemble streamflow predictions (ESP), which are more easily derived from historical weather data, we find that ESP remains a hard-to-beat reference not only in terms of skill but also in terms of value.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Changes in Evapotranspiration from an Overexploited Water Resources Basin in Arid Northern China and Their Implications for Ecosystem Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfu Liu ◽  
Yujiu Xiong ◽  
Jianlin Tian ◽  
Zhihang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Shiyang River Basin

Evapotranspiration (ET), including evaporation from soil and water surfaces and transpiration from vegetation, influences water distribution in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, especially in arid areas where water is a key limiting factor. Therefore, understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of ET, including its two components of soil evaporation (Es) and vegetation transpiration (Ec), can be useful for water resource management and ecological restoration in arid regions. Based on ET data from 2002 to 2012, the spatiotemporal variations in ET were evaluated in the Shiyang River Basin in arid Northwest China. The results showed the following: (1) spatially, ET decreased from upstream of the Qilian Mountains to the middle and downstream, with a mean annual value of 316 mm; (2) temporally, ET showed a single peak curve throughout the year, with the highest value occurring in summer; (3) ET showed a downward trend (from 350 to 265 mm) before 2009 and thereafter increased (from 265 to 345 mm); and (4) water use efficiency, indicated by the ratio of Ec to ET, was low in the cropland, with a mean value of 50.9%. Further analysis indicates that decreases in ET are mainly caused by vegetation decreases; in contrast, ecological restriction measures and strict water resource management policies in the middle reaches of the basin led to ET increases. It is concluded that understanding ET and its two components can elucidate the connections between water and human society.

Water Resource Management

2022 ◽  
pp. 197-218
Author(s):  
Satya Prakash ◽  
Pinakana Sai Deepak
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
In Situ Measurement

Water is an essential component for the survival of mankind and for balancing the ecosystem and livelihood. The world is experiencing a scarcity of water, both in terms of quality and quantity. Although there are several in-situ measurement techniques, they seem insufficient for large areas involving several parameters. Analysis of satellite images for estimating the quality and quantity of natural water has become an accepted tool for better spatial planning. With the increase in variety, volume, and velocity of satellite image, a tool for faster and accurate processing of the data is needed. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is one such cloud-based geo-big data platform. This chapter reviews the work of several researchers worldwide who have used and demonstrated the capability of satellite images with other geo-big data such as elevation, landcover, etc. for water resource management on the GEE platform. It can be concluded from the review work that GEE can help in estimating the water quality parameters with reasonable accuracy, comparable to the in-situ measurement, albeit quickly.

Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change and Land Use/Cover Change on Runoff Based on Multiple Water-Energy Balance Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manling Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Runoff Variation ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Energy Balance Models ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

<p>The runoff in river systems has been significantly changed by climate change and land use/cover change (LUCC), while the magnitude and patterns vary because of the factors. Investigating the major factor impacting runoff variation is necessary for water resource management. In this work, five different water-energy balance models are used to analyze the cause of runoff variations; of these models, three are based on the Budyko framework and two are based on the ecohydrological conceptual framework. The approach is demonstrated using the upper-midstream of the Heihe Rivers. The results suggest LUCC is the dominant cause of runoff change in the range of 59.92% ~ 65.14%. The estimated impacts of climate change and LUCC are consistent among the five models. Cropping is the major human activity resulting in LUCC at the upper-midstream of the Heihe River. Meanwhile, the change in runoff is more sensitive to precipitation than to potential evapotranspiration. Our work summarizes five widely used water-energy balance models used to explain the impacts of climate change and LUCC on runoff, which may be of importance in explaining the mechanism of runoff change.</p>

scholarly journals Identification of Water Scarcity and Providing Solutions for Adapting to Climate Changes in the Heihe River Basin of China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangzheng Deng ◽  
Chunhong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Heihe River Basin ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
The Heihe River Basin

In ecologically fragile areas with arid climate, such as the Heihe River Basin in northwestern China, sustainable social and economic development depends largely on the availability and sustainable uses of water resource. However, there is more and more serious water resource shortage and decrease of water productivity in Heihe River Basin under the influence of climate change and human activities. This paper attempts to identify the severe water scarcity under climate change and presents possible solutions for sustainable development in Heihe River Basin. Three problems that intervened land use changes, water resource, the relevant policies and institutions in Heihe River basin were identified, including (1) water scarcity along with serious contradiction between water supply and demand, (2) irrational water consumption structure along with low efficiency, and (3) deficient systems and institutions of water resource management along with unreasonable water allocation scheme. In this sense, we focused on reviewing the state of knowledge, institutions, and successful practices to cope with water scarcity at a regional extent. Possible solutions for dealing with water scarcity are explored and presented from three perspectives: (1) scientific researches needed by scientists, (2) management and institution formulation needed by governments, and (3) water resource optimal allocation by the manager at all administrative levels.

scholarly journals Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER): Scientific Objectives and Experimental Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1145-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Guodong Cheng ◽  
Shaomin Liu ◽  
Qing Xiao ◽  
Mingguo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Research Plan

A major research plan entitled “Integrated research on the ecohydrological process of the Heihe River Basin” was launched by the National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2010. One of the key aims of this research plan is to establish a research platform that integrates observation, data management, and model simulation to foster twenty-first-century watershed science in China. Based on the diverse needs of interdisciplinary studies within this research plan, a program called the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) was implemented. The overall objective of HiWATER is to improve the observability of hydrological and ecological processes, to build a world-class watershed observing system, and to enhance the applicability of remote sensing in integrated ecohydrological studies and water resource management at the basin scale. This paper introduces the background, scientific objectives, and experimental design of HiWATER. The instrumental setting and airborne mission plans are also outlined. The highlights are the use of a flux observing matrix and an eco-hydrological wireless sensor network to capture multiscale heterogeneities and to address complex problems, such as heterogeneity, scaling, uncertainty, and closing water cycle at the watershed scale. HiWATER was formally initialized in May 2012 and will last four years until 2015. Data will be made available to the scientific community via the Environmental and Ecological Science Data Center for West China. International scientists are welcome to participate in the field campaign and use the data in their analyses.

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