scholarly journals Applying Close Range Non-Destructive Techniques for the Detection of Conservation Problems in Rock-Carved Cultural Heritage Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
William Frodella ◽  
Mikheil Elashvili ◽  
Daniele Spizzichino ◽  
Giovanni Gigli ◽  
Akaki Nadaraia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Weak Rocks ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Close Range

Rock-carved cultural heritage sites are often developed in slopes formed by weak rocks, which due to their peculiar lithological, geotechnical, and morpho-structural features are characterized by excellent carvability, which at the same time makes them prone to weathering, deterioration, and slope instability issues. In this context the use of advanced close-range nondestructive techniques, such as Infrared Thermography (IRT) and Unmanned Aerial vehicle-based Digital Photogrammetry (UAV-DP) can be profitably used for the rapid detection of conservation issues (e.g., open fractures, unstable ledges-niches, water seepage and moisture) that can lead to slope instability phenomena. These techniques, when combined with traditional methods (e.g., field surveys, laboratory analysis), can provide fundamental data (such as 3D maps of the kinematic mechanisms) to implement a site-specific and interdisciplinary approach for the sustainable protection and conservation of such fragile cultural heritage sites. In this paper some examples of conservation problems in several rupestrian sites characterized by different geological contexts, from the mountainous regions of Georgia to the ancient city of Petra in Jordan, are presented, with the aim of evaluating the potential of the proposed integrated approach. The final aim is to provide conservators, practitioners, and local authorities with a useful, versatile, and low-cost methodology, to be profitably used in the protection and conservation strategies of rock-carved sites.

Application of close-range remote sensing techniques for assessing landslide hazard in rock-carved cultural heritage sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Frodella ◽  
Mikheil Elashvili ◽  
Daniele Spizzichino ◽  
Giovanni Gigli ◽  
Akaki Nadaraia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Weak Rocks ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Close Range

<p>Rock<strong>-</strong>carved cultural heritage sites are often carved in slopes formed by weak rocks, which due to their peculiar lithological, geotechnical and morpho-structural features are often prone to weathering, deterioration and slope instability issues. In this context the use of advanced close-range remote sensing (RS) techniques, such as Infrared Thermography (IRT) and Unmanned Aerial vehicle-based Digital Photogrammetry (UAV-DP) can be profitably used for the rapid detection of conservation issues (e.g. open fractures, unstable ledges-niches, water seepage and moisture) that can lead to slope instability phenomena. These techniques when combined with traditional methods (e.g. field surveys, laboratory analysis), can provide fundamental data to implement a specific site-specific and inter-disciplinary approach for the sustainable protection and conservation strategies of Rock<strong>-</strong>carved cultural heritage sites. In this paper some examples of conservation problems in several rupestrian sites characterized by different geological contexts, from the mountainous regions of Georgia to the ancient city of Petra in Jordan, are presented, with the aim of evaluating the potential of the proposed approach integrated approach. The final aim is to provide conservators, practitioners and local authorities with a useful versatile and low-cost methodology, to be profitably used in management plans of rock carved sites.</p>

Applying InfraRed Thermography (IRT) for the protection and conservation of rupestrian CH sites affected by slope instabilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Frodella ◽  
Daniele Spizzichino ◽  
Giovanni Gigli ◽  
Mikheil Elashvili ◽  
Claudio Margottini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Slope Instabilities

<p>Rupestrian Cultural Heritage (CH) sites were among the first man-made works in the history of humanity, therefore playing a key role in building the memory and roots of human society. These sites were often carved in slopes formed by soft rocks, which due to their peculiar lithological, geotechnical and morpho-structural features are often prone to weathering, deterioration and slope instability issues. The use of advanced remote sensing (RS) techniques combined with traditional methods (e.g. field surveys, laboratory analysis), can provide fundamental data to implement a specific site-specific and inter-disciplinary approach for the sustainable protection and conservation of rupestrian CH sites. In this context Infrared Thermography (IRT), thanks to the technological development of portable high-resolution and cost-effective thermal imaging cameras, can be profitably used for the detection of CH conservation issues (namely fractures, water seepage, moisture and surface weathering). In this paper several applications of IRT in integrated methodologies for rupestrian sites conservation in mountainous regions of Georgia will be presented. The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of IRT in the field of CH protection and conservation strategies, in order to provide a useful versatile and low-cost tool, to be profitably used in management plans of rupestrian CH characterized by similar contexts. Advantages and constraints of the adopted method will be discussed, as well as general operative recommendations and future perspectives.</p>

Advanced multi-source approach for cultural heritage assessment and monitoring – the case study of the Corvin Castle and its surroundings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Moise ◽  
Cristina Elena Mihalache ◽  
Luminita Andreea Dedulescu ◽  
Andi-Mihai Lazăr ◽  
Alexandru Badea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Historic Monument ◽  
Multi Temporal

<p>Remote sensing has already proven to represent an invaluable resource for monitoring the cultural heritage objectives by using non-invasive methods, thus enhancing the capabilities of safeguarding cultural heritage sites. Multiple types of data provide a better insight for the cultural heritage monitoring. Increasing human industrial activities in the vicinity of the Corvin Castle puts a question mark on the long-term conservation of the historic monument. Satellite imagery provides a large amount of data regarding the castle itself and its surrounding areas, enabling authorities and decision makers to assess the natural or anthropic hazards and mitigate potential damages. Freely available high-resolution satellite imagery that spans from mid 1970s until the present day enables an unprecedented opportunity for the creation of multi-sensor, multi-temporal and cross analysis.</p><p>In the field of cultural heritage and archaeological research, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a significant technology that provides comprehensive data. LiDAR sensors acquire high-precision 3D information (point cloud) of the land surfaces and buildings.</p><p>Knowledge of structures stability is essential in early recognition of potential risks and enables preventive diagnosis of heritage sites. Vertical displacements in wide or remote areas can be identified using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PS-InSAR) technique. Measuring millimetric displacements using multi-temporal series of data acquired by spaceborne active sensors is less time consuming compared with in-situ measurements. The two-satellite constellation Sentinel-1 mission offers a 6-day exact repeat cycle at the equator, thus providing fast and high accuracy results for emergency situations and hazards monitoring, suitable for PS-InSAR processing. Monitoring the structure stability of this historical monument is of great importance.</p><p>The Corvin Castle, also known as Hunyadi Castle or Hunedoara Castle, is the most spectacular Gothic-style construction in Transylvania, Romania. Today, the castle is a rare historical and architectural example. Built in the mid-15th century, the Corvin Castle is split into three large areas: The Knight’s Hall, the Diet Hall, and the circular stairways. Each of these three parts is surrounded by both circular and rectangular towers that were used for both defense and as a prison.</p><p>This paper presents the ongoing activities of bringing together various geospatial technologies and data sources in order to set-up an integrated approach for site monitoring and risk assessment related to the Corvin Castle and other similar cultural heritage objectives. The outcomes will provide significant contributions for implementing suitable protection and preservation measures.</p>

Monitoring and Modelling Slope Instability in Cultural Heritage Sites

2013 ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Fanti ◽  
Giovanni Gigli ◽  
Deodato Tapete ◽  
Francesco Mugnai ◽  
Nicola Casagli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Heritage Sites

scholarly journals 3D AND HYPERSPECTRAL DATA INTEGRATION FOR ASSESSING MATERIAL DEGRADATION IN MEDIEVAL MASONRY HERITAGE BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2021 ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
P. Kolokoussis ◽  
M. Skamantzari ◽  
S. Tapinaki ◽  
V. Karathanassi ◽  
A. Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Material Degradation ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Future Work

Abstract. Cultural Heritage (CH) is a domain which has been greatly affected by climate change in the past decades. At the same time Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been greatly exploited to contribute to the holistic documentation, to support conservation and preservation actions. In order to move further on from the interdisciplinary approach to the holistic approach on Cultural Heritage the fusion of data from various sensors is the next goal. This paper focuses on the exploitation and integration of close-range 3D and Hyperspectral data from four Cultural Heritage buildings of Rhodes in order to assess material degradation. The methodology and data processing for this integration are presented as well as the useful and promising results of this approach which lead to further analysis and future work. The research is conducted within the framework of an EU funded project.

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Natural Biocides in Conservation of Cultural Heritage

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Palla ◽  
Maurizio Bruno ◽  
Federica Mercurio ◽  
Antonella Tantillo ◽  
Valentina Rotolo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Essential oils (EOs) have been known for a long time, and they are used in several fields such as medicine and aromatherapy, as well as in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In the last decade, EOs have also been applied to contrast the biodeterioration of cultural heritage, representing a powerful resource in green conservation strategies. In this study, an integrated approach based on microscopic observation, in vitro culture, and molecular investigation was preliminarily employed to identify biological systems colonizing wooden artworks. In order to contrast the biodeterioration processes induced by fungal colonization (Aspergillus flavus) or insect infestation (Anobium punctatum), wooden artworks were exposed to the volatile compound of Origanum vulgare or Thymus vulgaris essential oils (EOs), the chemical composition of which was determined by GC–MS using both polar and apolar columns. Artwork exposure was performed in ad-hoc-assembled “clean chambers.” Evaluating the effects on biological systems, the compatibility with artwork constitutive materials, and the lack of negative effects on human health and environmental pollution, the use of EOs as a valid alternative to traditional biocides must be considered.

scholarly journals Problems and prospects for the conservation and rational use of cultural heritage sites of the local (municipal) significance

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ivanovich Lebedev ◽  
Tamara Anatolevna Pushkareva ◽  
Svetlana Yur'evna Samokhodova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The object of this research is the immovable cultural heritage. The subject of this research is the activity of the local self-government for the conservation, use, and popularization of cultural heritage sites owned by the municipalities, located in their territories, as well as state protection of cultural heritage sites of local (municipal) significance. Such authority is set in by the Federal Law “On Cultural Heritage Sites (Historical and Cultural Monuments) of the Peoples of the Russian Federation” and the Federal Law No.131-FZ “On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation). Leaning on the experience of the colleagues and analysis of the activity of Ufa City Municipal District Administration  of the Republic of Bashkortostan, positive and negative results obtained in the course of exercising the authority granted by the legislation in this sphere, the author acknowledges the need for a more integrated approach towards conservation of immovable cultural heritage of the local (municipal) significance; it includes the stage of its identification, and registration (with the municipal authorities), as well as organization of their rational use, such as leasing, privatization, etc. The article provides a number of recommendations, which are based on the practical experience and comprehension of theoretical material.

scholarly journals THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECORDING AND PHOTOREALISTIC MODEL RECONSTRUCTION FOR VIRTUAL MUSEUM APPLICATION – AN EXPERIENCE IN MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽  
pp. 763-771
Author(s):  
O. C. Wei ◽  
Z. Majid ◽  
H. Setan ◽  
M. F. M. Ariff ◽  
K. M. Idris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Virtual Museum ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Range Type ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Close Range

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In recent years, museums are utilizing the ability of virtual reality (VR) technologies to visualize their collections in three-dimensional (3D) environment. The demands for 3D digitization of cultural heritage have increase greatly to facilitate the development of virtual museum. Among the available techniques, the use of laser scanning for digital recording and 3D reproduction of the heritage sites and archaeological artefacts are technically more reliable due to its rapid and high resolution data capture. However, the suitable 3D laser scanners used greatly depend on the level of details and size of an object. This research used medium and close-range type of laser scanners to digitally record the heritage objects. The aim of this research was to develop methodology framework for digital recording and 3D reproduction of archaeological artefact and heritage sites in Malaysia by using terrestrial laser scanning technology. Besides, this research focused on the reconstruction of photorealistic 3D models based on the colour information yield by close-range photogrammetry. The colour descriptions were obtained either by built-in camera or externally integrated camera on the laser scanner. For better colour descriptions, external images were captured by independent Nikon D300s digital camera. The geometric model accuracy of A’Famosa and terracotta Buddha statuette was in 5<span class="thinspace"></span>mm and 0.41<span class="thinspace"></span>mm respectively. 3D <i>flythrough</i> animation was rendered by using the coloured point clouds model. The development of 3D Virtual Walkthrough Museum (3DVWM) utilized the 3D PDF document and SCENE WebShare platform to offer realistic visualization experience to the visitors where the reality-based models could be manipulate in 3D geometric aspects and use of metric analysis. Thus, 3DVWM can facilitate the virtual museum application in Malaysia and enable wider visitors to virtually appreciate the cultural heritage in Malaysia. Thus, this indirectly stimulates the tourism industry in our country.</p>

scholarly journals Optimization of Stabilizing Systems in Protection of Cultural Heritage: The Case of the Historical Retaining Wall in the Wisłoujście Fortress

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8570
Author(s):  
Piotr Chudoba ◽  
Jarosław Przewłócki ◽  
Piotr Samól ◽  
Lesław Zabuski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Explicit Finite Difference ◽  
Method Construction ◽  
Construction Works ◽  
Explicit Finite Difference Method ◽  
Protection Of Cultural Heritage

The aim of the paper is to propose new quantitative criteria for selecting the optimal method of securing and repairing a historical object, which take into account Structural, Conservation and Architectural aspects (the S–C–A method). Construction works on cultural heritage sites tend to be challenging and require an interdisciplinary approach. Therefore, they are strictly related to the philosophy of sustainable development which seeks adequate proportions between factors indicated on the natural and social environment. Optimization of several systems stabilizing retaining structure that are a historic object was considered in the paper. Appropriate formulas for scores meeting additional conservation and aesthetic requirements were proposed. The method is used in the stabilization of the brick retaining wall, a part of the Wisłoujście Fortress located in Gdańsk, Poland. In order to compute the displacement of the wall and its stability, numerical analysis was performed by the two-dimensional explicit Finite Difference Method (using the FLAC2D software). The algorithm proposed could be beneficial to the protection of cultural heritage since it could also be applied to other structures, such as roof trusses, masonry walls, pillars, etc.

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