scholarly journals Complex Analysis of the Efficiency of Difference Reflectance Indices on the Basis of 400–700 nm Wavelengths for Revealing the Influences of Water Shortage and Heating on Plant Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Lyubov Yudina ◽  
Ekaterina Gromova ◽  
Anastasiia Ryabkova ◽  
Dmitry Kior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Reflectance Indices ◽  
Plant Seedlings

A drought, which can be often accompanied by increased temperature, is a key adverse factor for agricultural plants. Remote sensing of early plant changes under water shortage is a prospective way to improve plant cultivation; in particular, the sensing can be based on measurement of difference reflectance indices (RIs). We complexly analyzed the efficiency of RIs based on 400–700 nm wavelengths for revealing the influences of water shortage and short-term heating on plant seedlings. We measured spectra of reflected light in leaves of pea, wheat, and pumpkin under control and stress conditions. All possible RIs in the 400–700 nm range were calculated, significances of differences between experimental and control indices were estimated, and heatmaps of the significances were constructed. It was shown that the water shortage (pea seedlings) changed absolute values of large quantity of calculated RIs. Absolute values of some RIs were significantly changed for 1–5 or 2–5 days of the water shortage; they were strongly correlated to the potential quantum yield of photosystem II and relative water content in leaves. In contrast, the short-term heating (pea, wheat, and pumpkin seedlings) mainly influenced light-induced changes in RIs. Our results show new RIs, which are potentially sensitive to the action of stressors.

scholarly journals Influence of Local Burning on Difference Reflectance Indices Based on 400–700 nm Wavelengths in Leaves of Pea Seedlings

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Lyubov Yudina ◽  
Ekaterina Gromova ◽  
Anastasiia Ryabkova ◽  
Vladimir Vodeneev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Local Damage ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Reflectance Indices ◽  
Systemic Responses ◽  
Local Burning

Local damage (e.g., burning) induces a variation potential (VP), which is an important electrical signal in higher plants. A VP propagates into undamaged parts of the plant and influences numerous physiological processes, including photosynthesis. Rapidly increasing plant tolerance to stressors is likely to be a result of the physiological changes. Thus, developing methods of revealing VP-induced physiological changes can be used for the remote sensing of plant systemic responses to local damage. Previously, we showed that burning-induced VP influenced a photochemical reflectance index in pea leaves, but the influence of the electrical signals on other reflectance indices was not investigated. In this study, we performed a complex analysis of the influence of VP induction by local burning on difference reflectance indices based on 400–700 nm wavelengths in leaves of pea seedlings. Heat maps of the significance of local burning-induced changes in the reflectance indices and their correlations with photosynthetic parameters were constructed. Large spectral regions with significant changes in these indices after VP induction were revealed. Most changes were strongly correlated to photosynthetic parameters. Some indices, which can be potentially effective for revealing local burning-induced photosynthetic changes, are separately shown. Our results show that difference reflectance indices based on 400–700 nm wavelengths can potentially be used for the remote sensing of plant systemic responses induced by local damages and subsequent propagation of VPs.

scholarly journals Bioimpedance Guided Fluid Management in Peritoneal Dialysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Tian ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Qunying Guo ◽  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Chunyan Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
And Control

Background and objectivesBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices can help assess volume overload in patients receiving maintenance peritoneal dialysis. However, the effects of BIA on the short-term hard end points of peritoneal dialysis lack consistency. This study aimed to test whether BIA-guided fluid management could improve short-term outcomes in patients on peritoneal dialysis.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA single-center, open-labeled, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Patients on prevalent peritoneal dialysis with volume overload were recruited from July 1, 2013 to March 30, 2014 and followed for 1 year in the initial protocol. All participants with volume overload were 1:1 randomized to the BIA-guided arm (BIA and traditional clinical methods) and control arm (only traditional clinical methods). The primary end point was all-cause mortality and secondary end points were cardiovascular disease mortality and technique survival.ResultsA total of 240 patients (mean age, 49 years; men, 51%; diabetic, 21%, 120 per group) were enrolled. After 1-year follow-up, 11(5%) patients died (three in BIA versus eight in control) and 21 patients were permanently transferred to hemodialysis (eight in BIA versus 13 in control). The rate of extracellular water/total body water decline in the BIA group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The 1-year patient survival rates were 96% and 92% in BIA and control groups, respectively. No significant statistical differences were found between patients randomized to the BIA-guided or control arm in terms of patient survival, cardiovascular disease mortality, and technique survival (P>0.05).ConclusionsAlthough BIA-guided fluid management improved the fluid overload status better than the traditional clinical method, no significant effect was found on 1-year patient survival and technique survival in patients on peritoneal dialysis.

scholarly journals EcoRacer: Game-Based Optimal Electric Vehicle Design and Driver Control Using Human Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ren ◽  
Alparslan Emrah Bayrak ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Efficient Global Optimization ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Algorithm Efficiency ◽  
Np Complete ◽  
And Control

We compare the performance of human players against that of the efficient global optimization (EGO) algorithm for an NP-complete powertrain design and control problem. Specifically, we cast this optimization problem as an online competition and received 2391 game plays by 124 anonymous players during the first month from launch. We found that while only a small portion of human players can outperform the algorithm in the long term, players tend to formulate good heuristics early on that can be used to constrain the solution space. Such constraining of the search enhances algorithm efficiency, even for different game settings. These findings indicate that human-assisted computational searches are promising in solving comprehensible yet computationally hard optimal design and control problems, when human players can outperform the algorithm in a short term.

Retrospective Analysis of Tobacco Control Measures and Policies in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-299
Author(s):  
Lian He ◽  
Xiaoxin Chen ◽  
Chunzi Shao
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
And Control

Objectives: Tobacco control measures can be divided into three types: regulatory, economic, and informational respectively. This paper focuses on the role and effect of different types of tobacco control measures during the epidemic prevention and control period in China. Conclusion: Firstly, as strong and powerful measures, economic measures can significantly reduce cigarette sales in the short term. However, the Chinese government did not adjust the cigarette consumption-tax rate during the period. Economic measures thus did not play an important role. Secondly, Due to few people in public places and workplaces, regulatory measures were "out of effect" in a short term. Therefore, there were insufficient evidence to find out whether regulatory measures are effective or not. Finally, China's tobacco production increased slightly during this period. This reflected that informational measures did not play an effective role.

scholarly journals A Biodegradable Ramie Fiber-Based Nonwoven Film Used for Increasing Oxygen Supply to Cultivated Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanlai Zhou ◽  
Yanbin Niu ◽  
Chaoyun Wang ◽  
Yuanru Yang ◽  
Zhijian Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Prepared Film ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Ecological Problems

Plastic agricultural nonwoven films are traditionally used as covering materials, and are prone to cause various ecological problems due to their poor biodegradability. In this paper, a ramie fiber/starch nonwoven film was prepared, and was used as bedding material, that was covered by cultivated soil as opposed to covering it. The biodegradability and porosity characteristics of the film were analyzed, and its effect on oxygen supply to soil was investigated. Results showed that the prepared film had good biodegradability (65.6% after 72 days), and had a loose and porous structure, with the main pore size being in the range of 250–300 μm. After the soil moisture content was reduced to about 44%, the oxygen concentration in the soil that was in close contact with the film, which padded the bottom surface of the plate, rose sharply and then kept stable at 20.1%, whereas soil directly in contact with the plate remained extremely anoxic (0.2%). It was concluded that use of the prepared film increased the oxygen supply to the soil in contact with it, which sufficiently compensated for the oxygen consumption caused by soil microbial activities. Thus, the prepared film is very suitable in short-term plant cultivation within containers where anoxia often occurs.

scholarly journals Reading comprehension on the last grades of cicles I and II of elementary school

CoDAS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-285
Author(s):  
Eliane Mi Chang ◽  
Clara Regina Brandão de Avila
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Good Readers ◽  
Spearman Coefficient ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Control

PURPOSE: To characterize students' performance in Cycle I and II of the Elementary School (EF), in decoding, reading comprehension and underlying skills of reading, and investigate correlations between these variables, in the absence and presence of reading comprehension deficits, identified by their teachers.METHODS: 125 students from ES were grouped according to Cycle and presence or absence of reading comprehension impairments. Two Control (good readers from both Cycles) and two Research groups (poor readers from both Cycles) were established. Assessment involved: fluency and reading comprehension; oral comprehension; working and short-term phonological memory; grammar closure. It was compared (Mann-Whitney test): in intragroup study, both Control and Research groups; in intergroup study, Control and Research from different cycles, and Control I and Research II. Spearman coefficient investigated correlations.RESULTS: Analyzing reading comprehension, we observed better performance of Control Groups in all tasks in comparison to the respective Research Groups, and better performance of Control II in comparison to Control I. Research Groups had similar results in most tests. Positive correlations have been observed between most of the variables.CONCLUSION: Students without reading comprehension impairments showed better performance in reading in both Cycles. Working memory and oral comprehension did not differentiate students with and without complaints in Cycle I, differently from what was observed in Cycle II. Research II presented similar or better performance than Research I and similar or worse performance than Control I. Underlying skills showed different profiles of correlation with reading comprehension capacity, according to the group.

scholarly journals Neural Networks for Prediction and Control of Chaotic Fluidized Bed Hydrodynamics

Fractals ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bakker ◽  
R. J. de Korte ◽  
J. C. Schouten ◽  
C. M. Van Den Bleek ◽  
F. Takens
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Control Of Chaos ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
Short Term Prediction ◽  
Capacitance Tomography ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dynamic Invariants ◽  
Tomography Data

A neural-network-based model that has learnt the chaotic hydrodynamics of a fluidized bed reactor is presented. The network is trained on measured electrical capacitance tomography data. A training algorithm is used that does not only minimize the short-term prediction error but also the information needed to synchronize the model with the real system. This forces the model to focus more on learning the longer term dynamics of the system, expressed in the average multi-step-ahead prediction error and dynamic invariants such as correlation entropy and dimension. The availability of the model is an important step towards control of chaos in gas-solid fluidized beds.

scholarly journals Efficient Deep Learning Models for DGA Domain Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Juhong Namgung ◽  
Siwoon Son ◽  
Yang-Sae Moon
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Ensemble Model ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Domain Sequence ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
And Control

In recent years, cyberattacks using command and control (C&C) servers have significantly increased. To hide their C&C servers, attackers often use a domain generation algorithm (DGA), which automatically generates domain names for the C&C servers. Accordingly, extensive research on DGA domain detection has been conducted. However, existing methods cannot accurately detect continuously generated DGA domains and can easily be evaded by an attacker. Recently, long short-term memory- (LSTM-) based deep learning models have been introduced to detect DGA domains in real time using only domain names without feature extraction or additional information. In this paper, we propose an efficient DGA domain detection method based on bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), which learns bidirectional information as opposed to unidirectional information learned by LSTM. We further maximize the detection performance with a convolutional neural network (CNN) + BiLSTM ensemble model using Attention mechanism, which allows the model to learn both local and global information in a domain sequence. Experimental results show that existing CNN and LSTM models achieved F1-scores of 0.9384 and 0.9597, respectively, while the proposed BiLSTM and ensemble models achieved higher F1-scores of 0.9618 and 0.9666, respectively. In addition, the ensemble model achieved the best performance for most DGA domain classes, enabling more accurate DGA domain detection than existing models.

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