scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation of Vegetation Productivity and Its Feedback to Climate Change in Northeast China over the Last 30 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Ling Hu ◽  
Wenjie Fan ◽  
Wenping Yuan ◽  
Huazhong Ren ◽  
Yaokui Cui
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Vegetation Productivity ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Northern High Latitude ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Forested Region

Gross primary productivity (GPP) represents total vegetation productivity and is crucial in regional or global carbon balance. The Northeast China (NEC), abundant in vegetation resources, has a relatively large vegetation productivity; however, under obvious climate change (especially warming), whether and how will the vegetation productivity and ecosystem function of this region changed in a long time period needs to be revealed. With the help of GPP products provided by the Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) program, this paper gives an overview of the regional feedback of vegetation productivity to the changing climate (including temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation) across the NEC from 1982 to 2015. Analyzing results show a slight positive response of vegetation productivities to warming across the NEC with an overall increasing trend of GPPGS (accumulated GPP within the growing season of each year) at 4.95 g C/m2. yr−2 over the last three decades. More specifically, the growth of crops, rather than forests, contributes more to the total increasing productivity, which is mainly induced by the agricultural technological progress as well as warming. As for GPP in forested area in the NEC, the slight increment of GPPGS in northern, high-latitude forested region of the NEC was caused by warming, while non-significant variation of GPPGS was found in southern, low-latitude forested region. In addition, an obvious greening trend, as reported in other regions, was also found in the NEC, but GPPGS of forests in southern NEC did not have significant variations, which indicated that vegetation productivity is not bound to increase simultaneously with greening, except for these high-latitude forested areas in the NEC. The regional feedback of vegetation productivity to climate change in the NEC can be an indicator for vegetations growing in higher latitudes in the future under continued climate change.

Causes of the northern high-latitude land surface winter climate change

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiping Liu ◽  
Judith A. Curry ◽  
Yongjiu Dai ◽  
Radley Horton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Winter Climate Change ◽  
Northern High Latitude

Climatic thresholds shape northern high-latitude fire regimes and imply vulnerability to future climate change

Ecography ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Young ◽  
Philip E. Higuera ◽  
Paul A. Duffy ◽  
Feng Sheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Northern High Latitude

scholarly journals Comparison of the spatial patterns of schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe at two points in time, spaced twenty-nine years apart: is climate variability of importance?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrik B. Pedersen ◽  
Dimitrios-Alexios Karagiannis-Voules ◽  
Nicholas Midzi ◽  
Tkafira Mduluza ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Geostatistical Model ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Temperature, precipitation and humidity are known to be important factors for the development of schistosome parasites as well as their intermediate snail hosts. Climate therefore plays an important role in determining the geographical distribution of schistosomiasis and it is expected that climate change will alter distribution and transmission patterns. Reliable predictions of distribution changes and likely transmission scenarios are key to efficient schistosomiasis intervention-planning. However, it is often difficult to assess the direction and magnitude of the impact on schistosomiasis induced by climate change, as well as the temporal transferability and predictive accuracy of the models, as prevalence data is often only available from one point in time. We evaluated potential climate-induced changes on the geographical distribution of schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe using prevalence data from two points in time, 29 years apart; to our knowledge, this is the first study investigating this over such a long time period. We applied historical weather data and matched prevalence data of two schistosome species (<em>Schistosoma haematobium</em> and <em>S. mansoni</em>). For each time period studied, a Bayesian geostatistical model was fitted to a range of climatic, environmental and other potential risk factors to identify significant predictors that could help us to obtain spatially explicit schistosomiasis risk estimates for Zimbabwe. The observed general downward trend in schistosomiasis prevalence for Zimbabwe from 1981 and the period preceding a survey and control campaign in 2010 parallels a shift towards a drier and warmer climate. However, a statistically significant relationship between climate change and the change in prevalence could not be established.

Open areas in patchy ecosystems: key spaces for vegetation survival.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Rodríguez Lozano ◽  
Emilio Rodriguez-Caballero ◽  
Yolanda Cantón
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Vegetation Productivity ◽  
Aridity Gradient ◽  
Water Redistribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vegetation Patches

&lt;p&gt;Drylands are one of the largest biomes over the Earth, covering around 40% of land surface. These are water limited ecosystems where vegetation occupies the most favourable positions over the landscape. Less favourable areas are frequently covered by other biotic and abiotic components such as biological soil crusts, bare soil, or stones. During most rainfall events, runoff is generated in open areas (runoff sources) and redistributed through vegetation patches (runoff sinks), therefore increasing water and nutrient availability for plants. Water redistribution feedbacks determine vegetation coverage and productivity, modulate changes in its spatial distribution, and could ameliorate the predicted negative effects of climate change over these ecosystems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The principal aim of this study was to quantify the impact of water redistribution processes on vegetation performance, and to evaluate how this effect varies in response to aridity. To achieve it, we analysed the relationships between runoff redistribution from open areas and vegetation productivity, by combining satellite information on vegetation state and topography. More precisely, we calculated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dynamics during three hydrological years in 17 study sites along an aridity gradient in the SE of the Iberian Peninsula using SENTINEL 2 images. Then we used a DEM and a high spatial resolution vegetation map to derive a water redistribution index that simulate source-sinks interactions between vegetation and open areas. Finally, we analyse the relationship between, potential water redistribution and vegetation dynamics and how it varies along the aridity gradient.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We found a non-linear relationship between potential water redistribution and vegetation productivity. Overall, vegetation NDVI increases as potential water redistribution did, which demonstrated the importance of water redistribution processes on drylands vegetation performance. However, vegetation capacity to retain runoff water is limited and there is a clear threshold above which increased potential water redistribution does not promote vegetation productivity. Thresholds are caused by the limit capacity of vegetation to infiltrate run off when preferential flows are forming, increasing ecosystem connectivity, and involving local water losses for vegetation.&amp;#160; Therefore, an increase in open areas between vegetation patches could have a positive effect over vegetation through hydrological connectivity but until to a certain point in which global connectivity supposed water losses for plants. This process could have important effects under climate change, by controlling the resistance and resilience of vegetation in drylands ecosystems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acknowledgements. This research was supported by the FPU predoctoral fellowship from the Educational, Culture and Sports Ministry of Spain (FPU17/01886) REBIOARID (RTI2018-101921-B-I00) projects, funded by the FEDER/Science and Innovation Ministry-National Research Agency, and the RH2O-ARID (P18-RT-5130) funded by Junta de Andaluc&amp;#237;a and the European Union for Regional Development.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Changing ecosystem influences on soil thermal regimes in northern high-latitude permafrost regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 5287-5313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Loranty ◽  
Benjamin W. Abbott ◽  
Daan Blok ◽  
Thomas A. Douglas ◽  
Howard E. Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Northern High Latitude

Abstract. Soils in Arctic and boreal ecosystems store twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, a portion of which may be released as high-latitude soils warm. Some of the uncertainty in the timing and magnitude of the permafrost–climate feedback stems from complex interactions between ecosystem properties and soil thermal dynamics. Terrestrial ecosystems fundamentally regulate the response of permafrost to climate change by influencing surface energy partitioning and the thermal properties of soil itself. Here we review how Arctic and boreal ecosystem processes influence thermal dynamics in permafrost soil and how these linkages may evolve in response to climate change. While many of the ecosystem characteristics and processes affecting soil thermal dynamics have been examined individually (e.g., vegetation, soil moisture, and soil structure), interactions among these processes are less understood. Changes in ecosystem type and vegetation characteristics will alter spatial patterns of interactions between climate and permafrost. In addition to shrub expansion, other vegetation responses to changes in climate and rapidly changing disturbance regimes will affect ecosystem surface energy partitioning in ways that are important for permafrost. Lastly, changes in vegetation and ecosystem distribution will lead to regional and global biophysical and biogeochemical climate feedbacks that may compound or offset local impacts on permafrost soils. Consequently, accurate prediction of the permafrost carbon climate feedback will require detailed understanding of changes in terrestrial ecosystem distribution and function, which depend on the net effects of multiple feedback processes operating across scales in space and time.

scholarly journals Evaluating permafrost physics in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) models and their sensitivity to climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3155-3174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor J. Burke ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Gerhard Krinner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Model Ensemble ◽  
Northern High Latitude ◽  
Intercomparison Project

Abstract. Permafrost is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the Arctic. Its future evolution is likely to control changes in northern high-latitude hydrology and biogeochemistry. Here we evaluate the permafrost dynamics in the global models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (present generation – CMIP6; previous generation – CMIP5) along with the sensitivity of permafrost to climate change. Whilst the northern high-latitude air temperatures are relatively well simulated by the climate models, they do introduce a bias into any subsequent model estimate of permafrost. Therefore evaluation metrics are defined in relation to the air temperature. This paper shows that the climate, snow and permafrost physics of the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble is very similar to that of the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble. The main differences are that a small number of models have demonstrably better snow insulation in CMIP6 than in CMIP5 and a small number have a deeper soil profile. These changes lead to a small overall improvement in the representation of the permafrost extent. There is little improvement in the simulation of maximum summer thaw depth between CMIP5 and CMIP6. We suggest that more models should include a better-resolved and deeper soil profile as a first step towards addressing this. We use the annual mean thawed volume of the top 2 m of the soil defined from the model soil profiles for the permafrost region to quantify changes in permafrost dynamics. The CMIP6 models project that the annual mean frozen volume in the top 2 m of the soil could decrease by 10 %–40 %∘C-1 of global mean surface air temperature increase.

scholarly journals Evaluating permafrost physics in the CMIP6 models and their sensitivity to climate change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor J. Burke ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Gerhard Krinner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Model Ensemble ◽  
Model Estimate ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Northern High Latitude

Abstract. Permafrost is an important component of the Arctic system and its future fate is likely to control changes in northern high latitude hydrology and biogeochemistry. Here we evaluate the permafrost dynamics in the global models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (present generation – CMIP6; previous generation – CMIP5) along with the the sensitivity of permafrost to climate change. Whilst the northern high latitude air temperatures are relatively well simulated by the climate models, they do introduce a bias into any subsequent model estimate of permafrost. Therefore evaluation metrics are defined in relation to the air temperature. This paper shows the climate, snow and permafrost physics of the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble is very similar to that of the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble. The main difference is that a small number of models have demonstrably better snow insulation in CMIP6 than in CMIP5 which improves their representation of the permafrost extent. The simulation of maximum summer thaw depth does not improve between CMIP5 and CMIP6. We suggest that models should include a better resolved and deeper soil profile as a first step towards addressing this. We use the annual mean thawed volume of the top 2 m of the soil defined from the model soil profiles for the permafrost region to quantify changes in permafrost dynamics. The CMIP6 models suggest this is projected to increase by 20–30 %/°C of global mean temperature increase. Under climate change and in equilibrium this may result in an additional 80–120 Gt C/°C of permafrost carbon becoming vulnerable to decomposition.

scholarly journals Satellite-based model detection of recent climate-driven changes in northern high-latitude vegetation productivity

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (G3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
John S. Kimball ◽  
E. H. Hogg ◽  
Maosheng Zhao ◽  
Walter C. Oechel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Vegetation Productivity ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Northern High Latitude

scholarly journals Vegetation Productivity Dynamics in Response to Climate Change and Human Activities under Different Topography and Land Cover in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Hongyan Zhang ◽  
Qixin Li ◽  
Jianjun Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Productivity ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Productivity Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Net primary productivity (NPP) is the total amount of organic matter fixed by plants from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and is susceptible to the influences of climate change and human activities. In this study, we employed actual NPP (ANPP), potential NPP (PNPP), and human activity-induced NPP (HNPP) based on the Hurst exponent and statistical analysis to analyze the characteristics of vegetation productivity dynamics and to evaluate the effects of climate and human factors on vegetation productivity in Northeast China (NEC). The increasing trends in ANPP, PNPP, and HNPP accounted for 81.62%, 94.90%, and 89.63% of the total area, respectively, and ANPP in 68.64% of the total area will continue to increase in the future. Climate change played a leading role in vegetation productivity dynamics, which promoted an increase in ANPP in 71.55% of the area, and precipitation was the key climate factor affecting ANPP. The aggravation of human activities, such as increased livestock numbers and intensified agricultural activities, resulted in a decrease in ANPP in the western grasslands, northern Greater Khingan Mountains, and eastern Songnen Plain. In particular, human activities led to a decrease in ANPP in 53.84% of deciduous needleleaf forests. The impact of climate change and human activities varied significantly under different topography, and the percentage of the ANPP increase due to climate change decreased from 71.13% to 53.9% from plains to urgent slopes; however, the percentage of ANPP increase due to human activities increased from 3.44% to 21.74%, and the effect of human activities on the increase of ANPP was more obvious with increasing slope. At different altitudes, the difference in the effect of these two factors was not significant. The results are significant for understanding the factors influencing the vegetation productivity dynamics in NEC and can provide a reference for governments to implement projects to improve the ecosystem.

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