scholarly journals Precipitation Retrievals from Passive Microwave Cross-Track Sensors: The Precipitation Retrieval and Profiling Scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
Chris Kidd ◽  
Toshi Matsui ◽  
Sarah Ringerud
Keyword(s):  
Radar Data ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Adequate Sampling ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Scanning Imaging ◽  
Cross Track

The retrieval of precipitation (snowfall and rainfall) from satellite sensors on a global basis is essential in aiding our knowledge and understanding of the Earth System and for many societal applications. Measurements from surface-based instruments are essentially limited to populated regions, necessitating the use of satellite-based observations to provide estimates of precipitation across the whole of the Earth’s surface. The temporal and spatial variability of precipitation requires adequate sampling, especially at finer resolutions. It is, therefore, necessary to exploit all available data from precipitation-capable satellites to ensure the proper representation of precipitation. To date, the estimation of precipitation using passive microwave observations has been largely concentrated upon the conically scanning imaging instruments, with relatively few techniques exploiting the observations made from the cross-track sounders. This paper describes the development of the Precipitation Retrieval and Profiling Scheme (PRPS) to retrieve precipitation from cross-track sensors, together with its performance against surface radar data and other satellite precipitation retrievals.

Benchmarking GPS stations: an improved way to identify the GPS sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Klos ◽  
Jürgen Kusche ◽  
Artur Lenczuk ◽  
Grzegorz Leszczuk ◽  
Janusz Bogusz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Mass Redistribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

<p>Global Positioning System (GPS) stations are affected by a plethora of real and system-related signals and errors that occur at various temporal and spatial resolutions. Geophysical changes related to mass redistribution within the Earth system, common mode components, instability of GPS monuments or thermal expansion of ground, all contribute to the GPS-derived displacement time series. Different spatial resolutions that real and system-related errors occur within are covered thanks to the global networks of GPS stations, characterized presently by an unprecedented spatial density. Various temporal resolutions are covered by displacement time series which span even 25 years now, as estimated for the very first stations established. However, since the GPS sensitivity remains unrecognized, retrieving one signal from this wide range of processes may be very uncertain. Up to now, a comparison between GPS-observed displacement time series and displacements predicted by a set of models, as e.g. environmental loading models, was used to demonstrate the accuracy of the model to predict the observed phenomena. Such a comparison is, however, dependent on the accuracy of models and also on the sensitivity of individual GPS stations. We present a new way to identify the GPS sensitivity, which is based on benchmarking of individual GPS stations using statistical clustering approaches. We focus on regional sets of GPS stations located in Europe, where technique-related signals cover real geophysical changes for many GPS permanent stations and those located in South America and Asia, where hydrological and atmospheric loadings dominate other effects. We prove that combining GPS stations into smaller sets improves our understanding of real and system-related signals and errors.</p>

Editorial: Fire in the Earth System

PAGES news ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Whitlock ◽  
Willy Tinner
Keyword(s):  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth

SPIES AND BLOGGERS: NEW SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY TOOLS TO UNDERSTAND MICROBIAL PROCESSES IN THE EARTH SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Masiello ◽  
◽  
Jonathan J. Silberg ◽  
Hsiao-Ying Cheng ◽  
Ilenne Del Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals High and specific diversity of protists in the deep-sea basins dominated by diplonemids, kinetoplastids, ciliates and foraminiferans

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schoenle ◽  
Manon Hohlfeld ◽  
Karoline Hermanns ◽  
Frédéric Mahé ◽  
Colomban de Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Parasitic Species ◽  
Unicellular Eukaryotes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Pelagic Communities

AbstractHeterotrophic protists (unicellular eukaryotes) form a major link from bacteria and algae to higher trophic levels in the sunlit ocean. Their role on the deep seafloor, however, is only fragmentarily understood, despite their potential key function for global carbon cycling. Using the approach of combined DNA metabarcoding and cultivation-based surveys of 11 deep-sea regions, we show that protist communities, mostly overlooked in current deep-sea foodweb models, are highly specific, locally diverse and have little overlap to pelagic communities. Besides traditionally considered foraminiferans, tiny protists including diplonemids, kinetoplastids and ciliates were genetically highly diverse considerably exceeding the diversity of metazoans. Deep-sea protists, including many parasitic species, represent thus one of the most diverse biodiversity compartments of the Earth system, forming an essential link to metazoans.

scholarly journals Applicability of NGGM near-real time simulations in flood detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
A. F. Purkhauser ◽  
J. A. Koch ◽  
R. Pail
Keyword(s):  
European Space Agency ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Future Mission ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Flood Detection ◽  
The One ◽  
Real Time Simulations ◽  
Grace Mission ◽  
Gravity Mission

Abstract The GRACE mission has demonstrated a tremendous potential for observing mass changes in the Earth system from space for climate research and the observation of climate change. Future mission should on the one hand extend the already existing time series and also provide higher spatial and temporal resolution that is required to fulfil all needs placed on a future mission. To analyse the applicability of such a Next Generation Gravity Mission (NGGM) concept regarding hydrological applications, two GRACE-FO-type pairs in Bender formation are analysed. The numerical closed loop simulations with a realistic noise assumption are based on the short arc approach and make use of the Wiese approach, enabling a self-de-aliasing of high-frequency atmospheric and oceanic signals, and a NRT approach for a short latency. Numerical simulations for future gravity mission concepts are based on geophysical models, representing the time-variable gravity field. First tests regarding the usability of the hydrology component contained in the Earth System Model (ESM) by the European Space Agency (ESA) for the analysis regarding a possible flood monitoring and detection showed a clear signal in a third of the analysed flood cases. Our analysis of selected cases found that detection of floods was clearly possible with the reconstructed AOHIS/HIS signal in 20% of the tested examples, while in 40% of the cases a peak was visible but not clearly recognisable.

scholarly journals A potential feedback loop underlying glacial-interglacial cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Weinans ◽  
Anne Willem Omta ◽  
George A. K. van Voorn ◽  
Egbert H. van Nes
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Ocean Ventilation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Convergent Cross Mapping

AbstractThe sawtooth-patterned glacial-interglacial cycles in the Earth’s atmospheric temperature are a well-known, though poorly understood phenomenon. Pinpointing the relevant mechanisms behind these cycles will not only provide insights into past climate dynamics, but also help predict possible future responses of the Earth system to changing CO$$_2$$ 2 levels. Previous work on this phenomenon suggests that the most important underlying mechanisms are interactions between marine biological production, ocean circulation, temperature and dust. So far, interaction directions (i.e., what causes what) have remained elusive. In this paper, we apply Convergent Cross-Mapping (CCM) to analyze paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic records to elucidate which mechanisms proposed in the literature play an important role in glacial-interglacial cycles, and to test the directionality of interactions. We find causal links between ocean ventilation, biological productivity, benthic $$\delta ^{18}$$ δ 18 O and dust, consistent with some but not all of the mechanisms proposed in the literature. Most importantly, we find evidence for a potential feedback loop from ocean ventilation to biological productivity to climate back to ocean ventilation. Here, we propose the hypothesis that this feedback loop of connected mechanisms could be the main driver for the glacial-interglacial cycles.

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