scholarly journals Landslide-Induced Mass Transport of Radionuclides along Transboundary Mailuu-Suu River Networks in Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengqing Li ◽  
Isakbek Torgoev ◽  
Damir Zaredinov ◽  
Marina Li ◽  
Bekhzod Talipov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
River Networks ◽  
Pollution Dispersion ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Analysis System

Seismically triggered landslides are a major hazard and have caused severe secondary losses. This problem is especially important in the seismic prone Mailuu-Suu catchment in Kyrgyzstan, as it hosts disproportionately sensitive active or legacy uranium sites with deposited radioactive extractive wastes. These sites show a quasi-continuous release of radioactive contamination into surface waters, and especially after natural hazards, a sudden and massive input of pollutants into the surface waters is expected. However, landslides of contaminated sediments into surface waters represent a substantial exposure pathway that has not been properly addressed in the existing river basin management to date. To fill this gap, satellite imagery was massively employed to extract topography and geometric information, and the seismic Scoops3D and the one-dimensional numerical model, Hydrologic Engineering Centre, River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), were chosen to simulate the landslide-induced mass transport of total suspended solids (TSS) and natural radionuclides (Pb-210 as a proxy for modeling purposes) within the Mailuu-Suu river networks under two earthquake and two hydrological scenarios. The results show that the seismically vulnerable areas dominated in the upstream areas, and the mass of landslides increased dramatically with the increase of earthquake levels. After the landslides, the concentrations of radionuclides increased suddenly and dramatically. The peak values decreased along the longitudinal gradient of river networks, with the concentration curves becoming flat and wide in the downstream sections, and the transport speed of radionuclides decreased along the river networks. The conclusions of this study are that landslides commonly release a significant amount of pollutants with a relatively fast transport along river networks. Improved quantitative understanding of waterborne pollution dispersion across national borders will contribute to better co-ordination between governments and regulatory authorities of riparian states and, consequently, to future prevention of transnational political conflicts that have flared up in the last two decades over alleged pollution of transboundary water bodies.

scholarly journals Mass transport of contaminated soil released into surface water by landslides (Göta River, SW Sweden)

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 10589-10633
Author(s):  
G. Göransson ◽  
M. Larson ◽  
D. Bendz ◽  
M. Åkesson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
River Stretch ◽  
Landslide Mass ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Landslides of contaminated soil into surface water represent an overlooked exposure pathway that has not been addressed properly in existing risk analysis for landslide hazard, contaminated land, or river basin management. A landslide of contaminated soil into surface water implies an instantaneous exposure of the water to the contaminated soil, dramatically changing the prerequisites for the mobilisation and transport of pollutants. In this study, an analytical approach is taken to simulate the transport of suspended matter released in connection with landslides into rivers. Different analytical solutions to the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) were tested against the measured data from the shallow rotational, retrogressive landslide in clayey sediments that took place in 1993 on the Göta River, SW Sweden. The landslide encompassed three distinct events, namely an initial submerged slide, followed by a main slide, and a retrogressive slide. These slides generated three distinct and non-Gaussian peaks in the online turbidity recordings at the freshwater intake downstream the slide area. To our knowledge, this registration of the impact in a river of the sediment release from a landslide is one of the few of its kind in the world, and unique for Sweden considering the low frequency of landslide events, making it highly useful for evaluating how appropriate the ADE is to describe a landslide into surface water. The results yielded realistic predictions of the measured concentration variation, after proper calibration. For the three individual slides it was estimated that a total of about 0.6% (515 000 kg) of the total landslide mass went into suspension/was suspended and was transported downstream. This release corresponds to about 1 to 2% of the annual suspended sediment delivery for that river stretch. The studied landslide partly involved an industrial area and by applying the analytical solution for the transport of metals in the sediments it was found that landslides have the possibility to release a significant amount of pollutants if large contaminated areas are involved. However, further studies are needed to develop more detailed descriptions of the transport processes. There is also a need to increase the knowledge on possible environmental consequences in the near and far field, in a short and long-time perspective. Finally, the risk for the release of pollutants should not be neglected in landslide hazard and risk assessment.

scholarly journals Measuring methods for groundwater – surface water interactions: a review

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kalbus ◽  
F. Reinstorf ◽  
M. Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Basin Management ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Measuring Methods ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Exchange Processes

Abstract. Interactions between groundwater and surface water play a fundamental role in the functioning of riparian ecosystems. In the context of sustainable river basin management it is crucial to understand and quantify exchange processes between groundwater and surface water. Numerous well-known methods exist for parameter estimation and process identification in aquifers and surface waters. Only in recent years has the transition zone become a subject of major research interest; thus, the need has evolved for appropriate methods applicable in this zone. This article provides an overview of the methods that are currently applied and described in the literature for estimating fluxes at the groundwater – surface water interface. Considerations for choosing appropriate methods are given including spatial and temporal scales, uncertainties, and limitations in application. It is concluded that a multi-scale approach combining multiple measuring methods may considerably constrain estimates of fluxes between groundwater and surface water.

Natural Radionuclides in Hanford Site Ground Waters

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Smith ◽  
J. C. Laul ◽  
V. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
Hanford Site ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Stable Element ◽  
Confined Aquifers

AbstractUranium, Th, Ra, Rn, Pb and Po radionuclide concentrations in ground waters from the Hanford Site indicate that U, Th, and Ra are highly jorbed. Relative to Rn, these radionuclides are low by factors of 10−3 to 10−6. Uranium sorption is likely due to its reduction from the +6 state, where it is introduced via surface waters, to the +4 state found in the confined aquifers. The distribution of radionuclides is very similar in all of the confined aquifers and significantly different from the distribution observed in the unconfined and surface waters. Barium correlates well with Ra over three orders of magnitude indicating that stable element analogs may be useful for inferring the behavior of radioactive waste radionuclides in this candidate geologic repository.

scholarly journals Measuring methods for groundwater, surface water and their interactions: a review

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1809-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kalbus ◽  
F. Reinstorf ◽  
M. Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Riparian Ecosystems ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Measuring Methods ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Exchange Processes

Abstract. Interactions between groundwater and surface water play a critical role in the functioning of riparian ecosystems. In the context of sustainable river basin management it is crucial to understand and quantify exchange processes between groundwater and surface water. Numerous well-known methods exist for parameter estimation and process identification in aquifers and surface waters. The transition zone, however, has only in recent years become a subject of major research interest, and the need has evolved for appropriate methods applicable in this zone. This article provides an overview of the methods that are typically used in aquifers and surface waters when studying interactions and shows the possibilities of application in the transition zone. In addition, methods particularly for use in the transition zone are presented. Considerations for choosing appropriate methods are given including spatial and temporal scales, uncertainties, and limitations in application. It is concluded that a multi-scale approach combining multiple measuring methods may considerably constrain estimates of fluxes between groundwater and surface water.

Fluorescence excitation emission matrices for rapid detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides in surface waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Z. Yang ◽  
Nicolás M. Peleato ◽  
Raymond L. Legge ◽  
Robert C. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
System P ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation Emission Matrices

Rapid water quality assessment was evaluated using an automated fluorescence analysis system.

Habitat Association of Klebsiella Species

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan T. Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Polluted Waters

AbstractThe genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat associations. Klebsiella is a common opportunistic pathogen for humans and other animals, as well as being resident or transient flora (particularly in the gastrointestinal tract). Other habitats include sewage, drinking water, soils, surface waters, industrial effluents, and vegetation. Until recently, almost all these Klebsiella have been identified as one species, ie, K. pneumoniae. However, phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that “K. pneumoniae” actually consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and habitats. General habitat associations of Klebsiella species are as follows: K. pneumoniae—humans, animals, sewage, and polluted waters and soils; K. oxytoca—frequent association with most habitats; K. terrigena— unpolluted surface waters and soils, drinking water, and vegetation; K. planticola—sewage, polluted surface waters, soils, and vegetation; and K. ozaenae/K. rhinoscleromatis—infrequently detected (primarily with humans).

Models of Thermodynamic Properties of Prominences

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
R.W. Milkey
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Observational Techniques

The focus of discussion in Working Group 3 was on the Thermodynamic Properties as determined spectroscopically, including the observational techniques and the theoretical modeling of physical processes responsible for the emission spectrum. Recent advances in observational techniques and theoretical concepts make this discussion particularly timely. It is wise to remember that the determination of thermodynamic parameters is not an end in itself and that these are interesting chiefly for what they can tell us about the energetics and mass transport in prominences.

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