scholarly journals New Understanding of Bar Top Hollows in Dryland Sandy Braided Rivers from Outcrops with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Ground Penetrating Radar Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Xianguo Zhang ◽  
Chengyan Lin ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Daowu Huang ◽  
Derong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Basal Surface ◽  
Depositional Sequence ◽  
Braided Rivers ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Bar top hollows (BTHs) are morphological elements recognized in modern braided rivers; however, information regarding their depositional features and types of filling units in ancient strata is unclear. This is an important reason behind why it is difficult to identify BTH units in subsurface reservoirs. A Middle Jurassic dryland sandy braided river outcrop in northwestern China is characterized in this study through the application of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveying and mapping, and ground penetrating radar (GPR). A workflow of UAV data processing has been established, and a 3D digital outcrop model has been built. By observation and measurement of the outcrop model and GPR profiles, two types of BTH filled units were found: (a) sandstone-filled, and (b) mudstone-filled hollows. Both of these units were located between two adjacent bar units in an area that is limited to a compound bar, and were developed in the upper part of a braided bar depositional sequence. The ellipse-shaped, sandstone-filled unit measures 10 m × 27 m in map view and reaches a maximum thickness of 5 m. The transversal cross-section across the BTHs displays a concave upward basal surface, while the angle of the inclined structures infilling the BTHs decreases up-section. The GPR data show that, in the longitudinal profile, the basal surface is relatively flat, and low-angle, inclined layers can be observed in the lower- and middle part of the sandstone-filled BTHs. In contrast, no obvious depositional structures were observed in the mudstone-filled BTH in outcrop. The new understanding of BTH has a wide application, including the optimization of CO2 storage sites, fresh water aquifers exploration, and oil and gas reservoir characterization.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing Materials for a Preliminary Archaeological Evaluation of the Giove Countryside (Terni, Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Matteo Barone ◽  
Elizabeth Wueste ◽  
Richard Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
American University ◽  
Archaeological Prospection ◽  
Tiber River ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
Ground Penetrating

A collaboration between the American University of Rome, the Municipality of Giove, and Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio dellʼUmbria has resulted in an academic project aimed at a preliminary evaluation of a particular area along the Tiber river that straddles the border between Umbria and Lazio. Archaeological prospection methods, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and photogrammetry, have made it possible to better study the landscape with respect to not only the changes the area has undergone recently, but also its evolution during the Roman and Medieval periods, while keeping the main communication route represented by the Tiber river as its fulcrum.

scholarly journals Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging System for Landmine Detection Using a Ground Penetrating Radar on Board a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

IEEE Access ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 45100-45112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Garcia Fernandez ◽  
Yuri Alvarez Lopez ◽  
Ana Arboleya Arboleya ◽  
Borja Gonzalez Valdes ◽  
Yolanda Rodriguez Vaqueiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Radar Imaging ◽  
Landmine Detection ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Aperture Radar

scholarly journals Mapping of Agricultural Subsurface Drainage Systems Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery and Ground Penetrating Radar

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2800
Author(s):  
Triven Koganti ◽  
Ehsan Ghane ◽  
Luis Rene Martinez ◽  
Bo V. Iversen ◽  
Barry J. Allred
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Agricultural subsurface drainage systems are commonly installed on farmland to remove the excess water from poorly drained soils. Conventional methods for drainage mapping such as tile probes and trenching equipment are laborious, cause pipe damage, and are often inefficient to apply at large spatial scales. Knowledge of locations of an existing drainage network is crucial to understand the increased leaching and offsite release of drainage discharge and to retrofit the new drain lines within the existing drainage system. Recent technological developments in non-destructive techniques might provide a potential alternative solution. The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery collected using three different cameras (visible-color, multispectral, and thermal infrared) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) for subsurface drainage mapping. Both the techniques are complementary in terms of their usage, applicability, and the properties they measure and were applied at four different sites in the Midwest USA. At Site-1, both the UAV imagery and GPR were equally successful across the entire field, while at Site-2, the UAV imagery was successful in one section of the field, and GPR proved to be useful in the other section where the UAV imagery failed to capture the drainage pipes’ location. At Site-3, less to no success was observed in finding the drain lines using UAV imagery captured on bare ground conditions, whereas good success was achieved using GPR. Conversely, at Site-4, the UAV imagery was successful and GPR failed to capture the drainage pipes’ location. Although UAV imagery seems to be an attractive solution for mapping agricultural subsurface drainage systems as it is cost-effective and can cover large field areas, the results suggest the usefulness of GPR to complement the former as both a mapping and validation technique. Hence, this case study compares and contrasts the suitability of both the methods, provides guidance on the optimal survey timing, and recommends their combined usage given both the technologies are available to deploy for drainage mapping purposes.

scholarly journals A Novel Electrically Small Ground-Penetrating Radar Patch Antenna with a Parasitic Ring for Respiration Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1930
Author(s):  
Di Shi ◽  
Taimur Aftab ◽  
Gunnar Gidion ◽  
Fatma Sayed ◽  
Leonhard M. Reindl
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Gas Explosions ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Electromagnetic Characteristics ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Quick Search

An electrically small patch antenna with a low-cost high-permittivity ceramic substrate material for use in a ground-penetrating radar is proposed in this work. The antenna is based on a commercial ceramic 915 MHz patch antenna with a size of 25 × 25 × 4 mm3 and a weight of 12.9 g. The influences of the main geometric parameters on the antenna’s electromagnetic characteristics were comprehensively studied. Three bandwidth improvement techniques were sequentially applied to optimize the antenna: tuning the key geometric parameters, adding cuts on the edges, and adding parasitic radiators. The designed antenna operates at around 1.3 GHz and has more than 40 MHz continuous −3 dB bandwidth. In comparison to the original antenna, the −3 and −6 dB fractional bandwidth is improved by 1.8 times and 4 times, respectively. Two antennas of the proposed design together with a customized radar were installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for a quick search for survivors after earthquakes or gas explosions without exposing the rescue staff to the uncertain dangers of moving on the debris.

Assessing the potential to detect oil spills in and under snow using airborne ground-penetrating radar

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. G1-G12 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Bradford ◽  
David F. Dickins ◽  
Per Johan Brandvik
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Impedance Contrast ◽  
Snow Stratigraphy ◽  
Natural Snow ◽  
Ground Penetrating

With recent increased interest in oil and gas exploration and development in the Arctic comes increased potential for an accidental hydrocarbon release into the cryosphere, including within and at the base of snow. There is a critical need to develop effective and reliable methods for detecting such spills. Numerical modeling shows that ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is sensitive to the presence of oil in the snow pack over a broad range of snow densities and oil types. Oil spills from the surface drain through the snow by the mechanisms of unsaturated flow and form geometrically complex distributions that are controlled by snow stratigraphy. These complex distributions generate an irregular pattern of radar reflections that can be differentiated from natural snow stratigraphy, but in many cases, interpretation will not be straightforward. Oil located at the base of the snow tends to reduce the impedance contrast with the underlying ice or soil substrate resulting in anomalously low-amplitude radar reflections. Results of a controlled field experiment using a helicopter-borne, [Formula: see text] GPR system showed that a [Formula: see text]-thick oil film trapped between snow and sea ice was detected based on a 51% decrease in reflection strength. This is the first reported test of GPR for the problem of oil detection in and under snow. Results indicate that GPR has the potential to become a robust tool that can substantially improve oil spill characterization and remediation.

scholarly journals Airborne System for Pipeline Surveillance Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Mbadiwe Samuel Benyeogor ◽  
Adeboye Olatunbosun ◽  
Sushant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Asset Monitoring

Our work involves the development of a quadcopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system with remote sensors onboard for monitoring oil and gas pipelines. Two Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensors were used for LPG gas leakage detection. The Multiwii software is used to control, track and simulate the 3D motion of the UAV in flight. Using this device, experimental data from field tests were analyzed with MATLAB. Results reveal that the developed system has performed as expected. Thus, our device can be used to enhance asset monitoring and operational safety in the oil industry.

Planform and stratigraphic signature of proximal braided streams: remote-sensing and ground-penetrating-radar analysis of the Kicking Horse River, Canadian Rocky Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-149
Author(s):  
Natasha N. Cyples ◽  
Alessandro Ielpi ◽  
Randy W. Dirszowsky
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Braided Rivers ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
Channel Belt ◽  
Braided Streams ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Ground Penetrating

ABSTRACT Braided rivers have accumulated a dominant fraction of the terrestrial sedimentary record, and yet their morphodynamics in proximal intermountain reaches are still not fully documented—a shortcoming that hampers a full understanding of sediment fluxes and stratigraphic preservation in proximal-basin tracts. Located in the eastern Canadian Cordillera near the continental divide, the Kicking Horse River is an iconic stream that has served as a model for proximal-braided rivers since the 1970s. Legacy work on the river was based solely on ground observations of small, in-channel bars; here we integrate field data at the scale of individual bars to the entire channel belt with time-lapse remote sensing and ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) imaging, in order to produce a more sophisticated morphodynamic model for the river. Cyclical discharge fluctuations related to both diurnal and seasonal variations in melt-water influx control the planform evolution and corresponding stratigraphic signature of trunk channels, intermittently active anabranch channels, and both bank-attached and mid-channel bars. Three-dimensional GPR fence diagrams of compound-bar complexes are built based on the identification of distinct radar facies related to: i) accretion and migration of unit bars, ii) both downstream and lateral outbuilding of bar-slip foresets; iii) buildup of bedload sheets, iv) channel avulsion, and v) accretion of mounded bars around logs or outsized clasts. Trends observed downstream-ward include decreases in gradient and grain size decreases, trunk-channel shrinkage, intensified avulsion (with increase in abundance for anabranch channels), and a shift from high-relief to low-relief bar topography. The integration of ground sedimentology, time-lapse remote sensing, and GPR imaging demonstrates that proximal-braided streams such as the Kicking Horse River can be critically compared to larger systems located farther away from their source uplands despite obvious scale differences.

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