scholarly journals The Morphology of Evolved Urban Fabric around Farm Ponds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Naai-Jung Shih ◽  
Yi-Ting Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Farm Ponds ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Individual

Resilience, water-based ecosystems, and regional urbanization are closely related. Ponds, as a part of water-based ecosystems, are subject to the indicators of urbanization. The farm ponds in Taoyuan, Taiwan, represent a sustainable fulfillment of irrigation demand and are a system that has been resilient to the topological change in plate elevation over time. The old system was developed in three stages and gradually replaced by canals and reservoirs, with lands abolished or demolished for other purposes. This study aimed to investigate the resilience of farm ponds based on a quantitative estimation of the morphologically evolved urban fabric. Based on five types of map resources, case studies were made on the ponds located near or away from the Green Line of the Taoyuan Rapid Transit System in order to explore their potential relationship with urbanization and the concept of transit-oriented development (TOD). The results show high dynamics of land-use changes while each one was surrounded by a specific urban fabric and contributed to the individual history, designated role, and major type of buildings developed. Quantitative estimation made from satellite images found the developing patterns of resilience in different convergence stages. Each of the four pond cases represents a different stage and application pattern to the integration of water and urban resilience and, in the meantime, maintains the old pond culture. The verification of the water surface area was compared between former 3D scans and satellite images.

Semi-automated extraction of surface water based on ZhuHai-1 hyperspectral satellite images

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 750-756
Author(s):  
Xiaowang Zhang ◽  
Jingchao Zhang ◽  
Wuyang Chen ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Zunju Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Automated Extraction ◽  
Water Based

scholarly journals P(a)lace of Consumption: Architecture, the Revitalisation of Space through Shopping Mall Design Principles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zachary Blue
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Retail Environment ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Business Sustainability ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual

<p>Architecture can be regarded as both a product for the retail environment and as a medium which can influence change in contemporary society. Within the context of the retail environment, architecture becomes intrinsically associated with the concepts of business sustainability because of the needs from investors challenging the needs of the public. Business sustainability within the retail environment is concerned with the success of the tenants occupying the investors' assets whilst the architectural sustainability focuses upon the public acceptance of the space that is transformed once being constructed and in the future. Furthermore, the architecture within the retail environment encapsulates the utilisation of space, crime and neglect prevention, retail attractiveness and targeting users through urban design principles. The research identifies the gap between the urban design principles and the individual business success within the inner-city. This thesis explores the coordination of the urban design principles and shopping mall design principles upon the existing urban fabric which is set to revitalise and improve dilapidated areas within the Wellington inner-city. This is to not only improve the retail location, but also the residential environment which is ever increasing. The shopping mall design principles have been integrated into the retail urban fabric and as the research states, shopping mall design is more successful than the individual street retail by improving the productivity of the businesses as well as allowing a higher grade of space to be created with the additional income and mutual design motivation. Although the shopping mall design principles are traditionally implemented upon a single ownership environment and as such allows a decision to be made through a single official, the inner-city is filled with multiple owners upon the one site which adds limitations to the design that can be manipulated. As such, this thesis designs as though the site is organised under a collective, allowing a common goal to be achieved. The important successful shopping mall design principles have been segregated into four clusters; anchors, configuration, interior aesthetic and control. These clusters combined with the common urban design principles allow the individual small business owners to challenge the large-scale retail businesses putting them out of business. Also, national and international urban and shopping mall precedents have been analysed as showing physical representations of the research studied in the literature review. The design being placed upon a dilapidated area within the Wellington inner-city the success of the design case study will determine the future success of the idea migrating into other areas of Wellington's inner-city. The idea that beginning the concept in the worst case scenario would allow the design to act as a catalyst for growth into already established market areas such as Cuba Street and Courtenay Place.</p>

Modeling Long-Range Transportation and Land Use Scenarios with Citizen-Generated Policies in the Sacramento, California, Region

2005 ◽  
Vol 1902 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Robert A. Johnston ◽  
Shengyi Gao ◽  
Michael J. Clay
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Planning Agency ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes

The Sacramento, California, region has been engaged in an innovative long-range visioning process in 2004 and 2005; the regional transportation planning agency is defining and modeling several 50-year growth scenarios. The authors worked with environmental and social equity citizens’ groups to define policies that would reduce emissions, serve lower-income travelers better, and preserve habitats and agricultural lands in the region. The citizens’ groups rejected the new freeways planned for the region as well as the substantial freeway widenings for high-occupancy vehicle lanes. In addition, they defined a more ambitious transit system, involving new bus rapid transit lines and shorter headways for all rail and bus service. This transit-only plan was modeled by itself and along with a land use policy for an urban growth boundary and a pricing policy for higher fuel taxes and parking charges for work trips. A new version of the MEPLAN model was used to simulate these scenarios over 50 years, and findings about total travel, mode shares, congestion, emissions, land use changes, and economic welfare of travelers are described.

scholarly journals Estimation of land-use changes on Kitulo Plateau, Tanzania, using satellite imagery

Oryx ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Jon C. Lovett ◽  
Erik Prins
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Threatened Plants ◽  
Strong Case

The Kitulo Plateau of southern Tanzania is a lava plateau covering 273 sq km at an altitude of over 2500 m. The vegetation is predominately grassland with more than 350 taxa of vascular plants, of which nearly 5 per cent are of restricted distribution. Although the plateau is extensive, much of it is now cultivated. Digital analysis of satellite images showed that at least 24 per cent of the plateau was bare soil, modified grassland or cultivation between 1973 and 1989. The botanical importance of the plateau and increase in cultivation make a strong case for the establishment of a nature reserve to protect its rare and threatened plants.

scholarly journals Separation and characterization of the aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation stimulated by ADP-Fe2+ in rat liver microsomes

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Esterbauer ◽  
K H Cheeseman ◽  
M U Dianzani ◽  
G Poli ◽  
T F Slater
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Polar Fraction ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
The Individual

1. Methods using t.l.c. and high-pressure liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) have been used to separate the complex variety of substances possessing a carbonyl function that are produced during lipid peroxidation. 2. The major type of lipid peroxidation studied was the ADP-Fe2+-stimulated peroxidation of rat liver microsomal phospholipids. Preliminary separation of the polar and non-polar products was achieved by t.l.c.: further separation and identification of individual components was performed by h.p.l.c. Estimations were performed on microsomal pellets and the supernatant mixture after incubation of microsomes for 30 min at 37 degrees C. 3. The polar fraction was larger than the non-polar fraction when expressed as nmol of carbonyl groups/g of liver. In the non-polar supernatant fraction the major contributors were n-alkanals (31% of the total), alpha-dicarbonyl compounds (22%) and 4-hydroxyalkenals (37%) with the extraction method used. 4. Major individual contributors to the non-polar fraction were found to be propanal, 4-hydroxynonenal, hexanal and oct-2-enal. Other components identified include butanal, pent-2-enal, hex-2-enal, hept-2-enal, 4-hydroxyoctenal and 4-hydroxyundecenal. The polar carbonyl fraction was less complex than the non-polar fraction, although the identities of the individual components have not yet been established. 5. Since these carbonyl compounds do not react significantly in the thiobarbituric acid reaction, which largely demonstrates the presence of malonaldehyde, it is concluded that considerable amounts of biologically reactive carbonyl derivatives are released in lipid peroxidation and yet may not be picked up by the thiobarbituric acid reaction.

scholarly journals Species Diversity of Oak Stands and Its Significance for Drought Resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kotlarz ◽  
Sylwia Nasiłowska ◽  
Karol Rotchimmel ◽  
Katarzyna Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pca Algorithm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Remote Sensing Indices

Drought periods have an adverse impact on the condition of oak stands. Research on different types of ecosystems has confirmed a correlation between plant species diversity and the adverse effects of droughts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes which occurred in an oak stand (Krotoszyn Plateau, Poland) under the impact of the summer drought in 2015. We used a method based on remote sensing indices from satellite images in order to detect changes in the vegetation in 2014 and 2015. A positive difference was interpreted as an improvement, whereas a negative one was treated as a deterioration of the stand condition. The Shannon-Wiener species diversity was estimated using an iterative PCA algorithm based on aerial images. We observed a relationship between the species indices of the individual forest divisions and their response to drought. The highest correlation between the index differences and the Shannon-Wiener indices was found for the GNDVI index (+0.74). In addition, correlations were observed between the mean index difference and the percentage shares in the forest divisions of species such as Pinus sylvestris (+0.67 &plusmn; 0.08) and Quercus robur (-0.65 &plusmn; 0.10). Our results lead us to infer that forest management based on highly diverse habitats is more suitable to meet the challenges in the context of global climatic changes, characterized by increasingly frequent droughts.

scholarly journals Spatial Planning for Future Risk Reduction in Coastal Area (Case Study: Kalanganyar Village, Sidoarjo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Fairuz Mutia ◽  
Adibah Nurul Yunisya ◽  
Eva Elviana
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Planning Concept

There is an urgent need for cities to consider disaster and climate change issues. Disasters have caused major disruptions in low- and middle- income countries, often wiping out decades of development benefits in a few moments. Including Kalanganyar, which is geographically located in the hazard-prone. This village has no sandy beach area and directly facing the mangrove forest as the outermost boundary. Since 2/3 of the area is aquaculture, this has resulted in some areas lacking adequate mangrove forests. Therefore, Kalanganyar area becomes prone to tsunami hazards as well as river/tidal flooding. Therefore, disaster risk assessment is needed as input data in spatial planning and spatial planning of Kalanganyar Village as a disaster preventive action. This research is qualitative research with a phenomenology approach. The results of the data tape were analyzed by synchronic reading. Character appraisal is used to assess the eight principles of urban resilience design. The goal is to produce an anticipatory spatial planning concept for the natural disaster, the existing disaster of natural disasters but also human-caused disasters. From the results of character appraisal reading on the area, it was found that the urban fabric is less resilient. This is also coupled with some of the more frequent natural disasters that are floods and tsunamis. This then becomes the basis for the spatial development of disaster-prone areas and meets the overall parameters. Spatial area arrangement is done to anticipate future and future disasters, with more compact urban fabric arrangement, restoring ecological mangrove function according to standard, and also equitable distribution of village facilities and infrastructure so that the area is well developed and planned. This research can be a good and appropriate preventive action for the region.

Defining the most suitable source of irrigation water for farmers and communities: a socio-agricultural model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Vico ◽  
Lucia Tamburino ◽  
James R Rigby ◽  
Giuliano Di Baldassarre
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Farm Ponds ◽  
Farm Pond ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Lower Mississippi River ◽  
The Individual ◽  
On Farm

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental irrigation is critical to ensure high and stable crop yields in many regions. Water needs for irrigation will increase in the future, because of higher demands for food, feed and biofuels, and warmer, more extreme, climates. Water withdrawals for irrigation has led to plummeting water tables in many aquifers. Water harvesting like on-farm ponds can be a more sustainable approach to meet water requirements for irrigation. Nevertheless, whether groundwater or on-farm pond is the most suitable source of irrigation water for a single farmer and the whole community depends not only on the crop water demands and the unpredictability of rainfall, but also on the farmers&amp;#8217; preferences, in terms of risk aversion and long/short-view orientation and how they evolve in time. Here we couple the dynamics of crop development to that of soil water availability and water stored in on-farm ponds and aquifers. For a community of farmers, we also consider each farmer&amp;#8217;s short/long-view orientation, and how it evolves in time. While general, the model is applied to the case of the Lower Mississippi River Basin, in the south-eastern USA, where irrigation has already led to a significant decline in groundwater levels. Results show that, for a single farmer, production maximization and risk of low yield minimization are often irreconcilable criteria when sizing the on-farm pond. Moreover, on farm ponds as source of irrigation can be more advantageous as source of water for the community, leading to a higher and more stable income. Yet, this choice is beneficial for the individual farmer only under extreme climates and in communities where the use of on-farm ponds is common.&lt;/p&gt;

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