scholarly journals Regional Level Data Server for Fire Hazard Evaluation and Fuel Treatments Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4124
Author(s):  
Goran Krsnik ◽  
Eduard Busquets Olivé ◽  
Míriam Piqué Nicolau ◽  
Asier Larrañaga ◽  
Adrián Cardil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management ◽  
Geospatial Interaction

Both fire risk assessment and management of wildfire prevention strategies require different sources of data to represent the complex geospatial interaction that exists between environmental variables in the most accurate way possible. In this sense, geospatial analysis tools and remote sensing data offer new opportunities for estimating fire risk and optimizing wildfire prevention planning. Herein, we presented a conceptual design of a server that contained most variables required for predicting fire behavior at a regional level. For that purpose, an innovative and elaborated fuel modelling process and parameterization of all needed environmental and climatic variables were implemented in order to enable to more precisely define fuel characteristics and potential fire behaviors under different meteorological scenarios. The server, open to be used by scientists and technicians, is expected to be the steppingstone for an integrated tool to support decision-making regarding prevention and management of forest fires in Catalonia.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED GIS SYSTEM FOR POST-FIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENTS WITH REMOTE SENSING

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-3/W1-2020 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
V. Barrile ◽  
G. Bilotta ◽  
A. Fotia ◽  
E. Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Burnt Areas ◽  
Climate Crisis

Abstract. Fires continue to devour hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest even in 2020, generating gigantic damage to the ecosystem, if we think that we are in the midst of a climate crisis caused precisely by CO2 emissions into the atmosphere by man, due to burning of fossil fuels. The action to safeguard the territory and the fight against its progressive environmental degradation focus a great attention towards forest fires, also considering the enormous environmental damage that these have caused to important and very large areas of the globe. The aim of the contribution that we here propose is the design and implementation of a software tool that performs predictive functions of triggering possible forest fires, thanks to the integration and manipulation of data from different sources and processed by predictive mathematical models, to support decisions; the comparison of techniques for the processing of high-resolution remote sensing data from optical satellites for the best automatic discrimination of the areas covered by fire plays a fundamental role in the analysis. This allows managing the burnt areas also considering subsequent fire risks, and the integration of the techniques developed in a GIS in order to obtain an accurate perimeter and a fire risk map prevision.

scholarly journals Methodology of fire risk analysis in electrical installations of a production facility

2022 ◽  
Vol 1211 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
O K Nikolsky ◽  
Yu D Shlionskaya ◽  
M A Gabova ◽  
A N Kachanov ◽  
V A Chernyshov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Probabilistic Assessment ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Abstract This article lists the principles of fire risk assessment and management of electrical installations, provides the main terms used in this subject area, and their meanings. The article also talks about factors affecting the magnitude of fire risk (risk-forming factors). Special attention is paid to the human factor. Formulas for probabilistic assessment of fire risks of electrical installations and an algorithm for assessing the fire hazard of electrical installations, as well as a scheme of the algorithm for calculating individual fire risk are given.

scholarly journals FOREST FIRE RISK ZONING FOR THE VILA VELHA STATE PARK AND ITS SURROUNDINGS (PONTA GROSSA, PARANÁ)

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Bruna Kovalsyki ◽  
Alexandre França Tetto ◽  
Antonio Carlos Batista ◽  
Nilton José Sousa ◽  
Marta Regina Barrotto do Carmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Risk Mapping ◽  
Ignition Probability ◽  
Risk Zoning ◽  
Extreme Risk ◽  
Forest Fire Hazard ◽  
Forest Fire Risk

Forest fire hazard and risk mapping is an essential tool for planning and decision making regarding the prevention and suppression of forest fires,as well as fire management in general, as it allows the spatial visualization of areas with higher and lower ignition probability. This study aimed to develop a forest fire risk zoning map for the Vila Velha State Park and its surroundings (Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil), for the period of higher incidence of forest fires (from April to September) and for the period of lower incidence (from October to March). The following risk and hazard variables were identified: human presence, usage zones, topographical features, soil coverage and land use and meteorological conditions. Coefficients (0 to 5) reflecting the fire risk or hazard degree were allocated to each variable in order to construct the maps. The integration of these maps, through a weighting model, resulted in the final risk mapping. The very high and extreme risk classes represented about 38% of the area for both periods. The forest fire risk mapping spatially represented the levels of fire risk in the area, allowing the managers to identify the priority sectors for preventive actions in both fire seasons.

scholarly journals Retrospective and current state of forest territories of the border areas of the Bryansk region exposed to radioactive contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
T. A. Marchenko ◽  
A. I. Radin ◽  
A. N. Razdaivodin
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Forest Combustible ◽  
Combustible Materials

The aim of the study is to analyze the accumulated data on the study of forest territories of the border regions of the Bryansk region that have been exposed to radioactive contamination for their involvement in economic activity, as well as the possible transfer of radioactive materials in forest fires. The area of recorded and unaccounted forests was estimated according to the “Forest Plan of the Bryansk Region for the period 2019-2028” and the results of the analysis of remote sensing data of the earth, the assessment of radiation pollution – according to the radiation surveys of the forest fund and radioecological monitoring of forests, assessment of cesium-137 content – according to radiation monitoring. In the course of the work, the dynamics of the transition of forests from the range of a high level of radioactive contamination to lower ones from 1991 to 2018 slightly changes the total area of contaminated forests by regions was revealed. Top-level values of cesium-137 content in the main types of forest combustible materials, which a dangerous factor is contributing to a significant increase in the content of radiocesium in atmospheric air and the transfer of radionuclides beyond the limits of radioactive contamination zones in a forest fire. The most radiation-hazardous is the forest litter, which contains more than 70% of the total cesium-137 reserve in forest combustible materials, the values of which reach values of 224 kBq / kg in the Krasnogorsk district of the Bryansk region. The obtained forecast of cesium-137 content in the forest litter by the zones of radioactive contamination of forests in the most polluted areas of the Bryansk region for the period up to 2046 indicates the preservation of a high degree of radioactive contamination of forests in the Krasnogorsk and Novozybkovsky districts after more than 60 years after the Chernobyl accident power plants. Due to the high class of natural fire hazard of forests in the south-west of the Bryansk region and the high risk of fires in contaminated areas, it is necessary to assess the degree of danger in the prevention and suppression of radioactive forest fires, especially criterion of the absorbed dose for workers in order to avoid the deterministic effect.

Classifying and mapping fuels in central European forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Labenski ◽  
Michael Ewald ◽  
Fabian Ewald Fassnacht
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Forests ◽  
First Results ◽  
Spread Dynamics

<p>In recent years, forest fires have become more frequent in central Europe. As the frequency and magnitude of future extreme weather events such as droughts are projected to increase, also the trend of increasing fire frequency in temperate forests is expected to continue. However, knowledge about fire behavior and spread dynamics in these forests is scarce. One of the key drivers of fire behavior is the availability of flammable vegetation, i.e. fuels. In the project ErWiN, we aim to describe the amount and distribution of fuels in different forest types in Southwestern Germany. Detailed field inventories of fuels in all vertical strata of the stands allow a first classification into different fuel types, which can be used in fire behavior simulations to obtain estimates of fire spread and intensity. In a further step, deep learning algorithms will be trained on recognizing these fuel types on GNSS located photos of forest stand situations to provide an efficient solution for mapping fuels in the field. By coupling field data with detailed remotely sensed information on forest structure obtained from airborne laserscanning, continuous fuel maps will be derived. Such fuel maps in turn allow landscape-scale analysis of fire behavior and can be useful in forest management decisions as well as in developing firefighting strategies. We thus hope to make a contribution to a better understanding of fuel-driven fire risk in central European forests and to facilitate the operational use of fire behavior models. In this contribution we present the concept developed in the ErWiN project and present first results obtained from the field survey of fuel types in Southwestern Germany.</p>

Sensitivity of the CFFDRS Fire Weather Index parameters for Indian weather conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anasuya Barik ◽  
Somnath Baidya Roy
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Fire Model

<p>The Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS) is used to assess and predict the fire behavior in various forest ecosystems all over the world. The Fire Weather Index (FWI) module of the CFFDRS models the relationship between meteorology and forest fires. It was observed in our earlier study that the values of the FWI and its related parameters were considerably different from the other countries that use the model for their operational fire weather simulation. In this study we evaluate the model performance over Indian climate for a period of 10 years 1996-2005 under various weather scenarios. The daily meteorological data from ECMWF’s ERA5 reanalysis has been used as inputs to the fire model and the active fire data from MODIS Terra and Aqua satellites over the study period has been used to evaluate the capability of model to simulate fire danger. As India has many different climatic zones, we evaluated the behavior fire model parameters over 5 forest zones namely Himalayan, Deciduous, Western Ghats, Thorn forests and North Eastern forests based on the Roy et al. 2016 Land Use Land Cover data and Koppen climatic zones.  The analysis was narrowed down over only the forest areas of the zones so as to remove any chances of including the non-forest fires detected by the satellite. Results show that the FWI shows a strong correlation with forest fires if the model is correctly spun up and appropriately calibrated. A spin up time of minimum 60 days was found to be appropriate for stabilization of FWI components like Duff Moisture Code (DMC) and Drought Code (DC). Sensitivity studies showed that temperature and relative humidity are the key controlling factors of forest fires over India and that the parameters depict high interannual seasonality due to relatively lower values during the Indian monsoon season.</p><p>This study is one of the first attempts to use fire models to simulate fire behavior over India. It can serve as a launchpad for further work on fire hazard prediction and effects of climate change on fire hazard in India.</p>

scholarly journals Modernized Forest Fire Risk Assessment Model Based on the Case Study of three Portuguese Municipalities Frequently Affected by Forest Fires

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Luis Santos ◽  
Vasco Lopes ◽  
Cecília Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Forest Fire Hazard ◽  
Forest Fire Risk

The number of forest fires ignitions has decreased worldwide, thus observing increased levels of intensity and destruction, endangering urban areas and causing material damages and deaths (Portugal, 2017). Forest fire hazard mapping supported by the surveillance strategy targeted at very susceptible areas with high losses potential are the common tools of fire prevention. Each municipality creates its own Forest Fire Hazard Map, and so it is observed that along the administrative boundaries, discrepancies occur, even when identical types of land use are in place. The evolution of geographic information systems technology sustained by the open-source satellite imagery, along with the innovative Habitat Risk Assessment model of the InVEST software, allowed the creation of an easily applicable trans-administrative boundary fire hazard map, with frequent update capabilities and fully open source. This work considered three municipalities (Tomar, Ourém, and Ferreira do Zêzere) that annually observe various forest fire occurrences. Results enabled the creation of a homogeneous Forest Fire Risk Map, using landuse, slope, road access network, fire ignitions’ history, visualization basins, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as variables. All variables correlate with each other using different weights, in which the different classes of land use are considered as habitats and the remaining variables as fire hazard stressors. The results produce a coherent monthly updated Risk Map, which is an alternative to many risk assessment systems used worldwide.

scholarly journals Forest fire spatial modelling using ordered weighted averaging multi-criteria evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Hassan Faramarzi ◽  
Seyed Mohsen Hosseini ◽  
Hamid Reza Pourghasemi ◽  
Mahdi Farnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Relative Operating Characteristic ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Ordered Weighted Averaging ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation

Forest fires are a major environmental issue because they are increasing as a consequence of climate change and global warming. The present study was aimed to model forest fire hazard using the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) multi-criteria evaluation algorithm and to determine the role of human, climatic, and environmental factors in forest fire occurrence within the Golestan National Park (GNP), Iran. The database used for the present study was created according to daily classification of climate changes, environmental basic maps, and human-made influential forest fire factors. In the study area, the forest fires were registered using GPS. Expert opinions were applied through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the importance of effective factors. Fuzzy membership functions were used to standardize the thematic layers. The fire risk maps were prepared using different OWA scenarios for man-made, climatic, and environment factors. The findings revealed that roads (weight = 0.288), rainfalls (weight = 0.288), and aspects (weight = 0.255) are the major factors that contribute to the occurrence of forest fire in the study area. The forest fire maps prepared from different scenarios were validated using the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Values of forest fire maps acquired from scenarios of human, environment, climate factors and their combination were 0.87, 0.731, 0.773 and 0.819, respectively.

Effects of meteorology on forest fires in India: A modeling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anasuya Barik ◽  
Somnath Baidya Roy
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Meteorology has a strong impact on forest fires. Meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and precipitation alter the fuel loading in forests, control the changes in spatial distribution, intensity and frequency of forest fires and changes in forest fire season. Hence, it is important to understand the relationship between forest fires and meteorological factors and build models that can simulate these relationships.</p><p>The Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS) has been used globally to assess and predict the fire behavior in various forest ecosystems. The Fire Weather Index (FWI) of CFFDRS models the relationship between meteorology and forest fires. In this study we calibrate the FWI over Indian forests using percentile analysis and logistic regression technique and test the performance using satellite-derived (MODIS daily fire data from 2003-2018) fire count and Fire Radiative Power (FRP). As the Indian forest landscape is highly heterogeneous, we calibrate the FWI over 4 FWI zones namely Himalayan, Deciduous, Western Ghats and Thorn forests based on IGBP forest classification and Koppen climatic zones.  Five fire danger classes having thresholds of 99<sup>th</sup>, 95<sup>th</sup>, 90<sup>th</sup>, 80<sup>th</sup> and 70<sup>th</sup>of FWI percentiles have been defined with decreasing severity. Results show that the calibrated FWI is capable of simulating the forest fire behavior over India. Sensitivity studies show that temperature and relative humidity are the key controlling factors of forest fires over India.</p><p>This study is one of the first attempts to use fire models to simulate fire behavior over India. It can serve as a launchpad for further work on fire hazard prediction and effects of climate change on fire hazard in India.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals FIRE BEHAVIOR VARIABLES AND HAZARD INDICES OF FOREST FIRES

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fillipe Tamiozzo Pereira Torres ◽  
Gumercindo Souza Lima ◽  
Bráulio Furtado Alvares
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Combustible Material ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Fire Weather Index

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of different fire hazard indices (FWI, FMA, FMA+, Telicyn, Nesterov, P-EVAP and EVAP/P), taking into account the fire behavior variables and the susceptibility to fire expressed by the moisture of the combustible material. For this purpose, controlled burnings were performed at different times and information was recorded in relation to the meteorological conditions, characteristics of the combustible material and fire behavior variables. In general, all the indices presented significant correlations with both the moisture of the combustible material and the behavior of the fire. However, in general, a higher linear correlation of components of the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) system was observed in predicting fire behavior and EVAP / P index in fuel moisture. The consistency of the correlations between the various indices and the analyzed variables makes the methodology possible to be used in any place, facilitating the decision making in regions where records of occurrences of forest fires are absent or unreliable.

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