scholarly journals Investigating the Uncertainties Propagation Analysis of CO2 Emissions Gridded Maps at the Urban Scale: A Case Study of Jinjiang City, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3932
Author(s):  
Shaoqing Dai ◽  
Yin Ren ◽  
Shudi Zuo ◽  
Chengyi Lai ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Uncertainty Propagation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Propagation Analysis ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
Fine Resolution ◽  
Aid Decision

Gridded CO2 emission maps at the urban scale can aid the design of low-carbon development strategies. However, the large uncertainties associated with such maps increase policy-related risks. Therefore, an investigation of the uncertainties in gridded maps at the urban scale is essential. This study proposed an analytic workflow to assess uncertainty propagation during the gridding process. Gridded CO2 emission maps were produced using two resolutions of geospatial datasets (e.g., remote sensing satellite-derived products) for Jinjiang City, China, and a workflow was applied to analyze uncertainties. The workflow involved four submodules that can be used to evaluate the uncertainties of CO2 emissions in gridded maps, caused by the gridded model and input. Fine-resolution (30 m) maps have a larger spatial variation in CO2 emissions, which gives the fine-resolution maps a higher degree of uncertainty propagation. Furthermore, the uncertainties of gridded CO2 emission maps, caused by inserting a random error into spatial proxies, were found to decrease after the gridding process. This can be explained by the “compensation of error” phenomenon, which may be attributed to the cancellation of the overestimated and underestimated values among the different sectors at the same grid. This indicates a nonlinear change between the sum of the uncertainties for different sectors and the actual uncertainties in the gridded maps. In conclusion, the present workflow determined uncertainties were caused by the gridded model and input. These results may aid decision-makers in establishing emission reduction targets, and in developing both low-carbon cities and community policies.

scholarly journals Low Carbon Development through Measuring and Monitoring Carbon Emission in Johor Bahru, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-252
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Reducing carbon dioxide emissions through low carbon development is an appropriate solution to combating climate change. This research aims to identify ways of reducing carbon dioxide emissions in Johor Bahru towards promoting low carbon development. The research investigated the low carbon initiatives in Malaysia. The study was based on purposive case study and restricted to Johor Bahru, Malaysia. It reviewed existing practice of low carbon development in the study area. Stakeholders and organizations related to low carbon development and low carbon initiatives were interviewed. The study also observed that the initiative is relatively in the early stage with few projects accomplished. However, emphasis was placed on other themes of low carbon concept rather than direct measurement of Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Since majority carbon emissions are from electricity and transport sectors, the Malaysian University Carbon Emission Tool (MUCET) was modified and suggested for measuring and monitoring emissions in Johor Bahru. This study facilitates the formulation of policies that target emission reduction and ensure steady movement into clean energy future.

scholarly journals Urban Planning and Climate Change Mitigation

2015 ◽  
pp. 210-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Bennadji ◽  
Richard Laing ◽  
David Gray
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Current State ◽  
Change Mitigation

The aim of the research described in this chapter is to explore the use of intelligent virtual transport modelling within the context of a case study involving the development of a university estate. Through the application of visualisation techniques, the study was able to explore how such techniques can lead to enlightenment of potential solutions, whilst simultaneously demonstrating the effects of design solutions on CO2 emissions. Such an approach leads to a better understanding of the transport complexity from the perspective of potential clients and users. Although images and physical models of the case study were appreciated by stakeholders, these did not provide more information than their current state and could not help in making funded decision by decision making community. Animated data, including calculated predictions of the effect of design on daily vehicles, human traffic, and CO2 emission, enlivened and illuminated the designed situation, and allowed decision makers to appreciate the real current and potential challenges.

scholarly journals Pulp and Paper Industry: Decarbonisation Technology Assessment to Reach CO2 Neutral Emissions—An Austrian Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Maedeh Rahnama Mobarakeh ◽  
Miguel Santos Silva ◽  
Thomas Kienberger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction

The pulp and paper (P&P) sector is a dynamic manufacturing industry and plays an essential role in the Austrian economy. However, the sector, which consumes about 20 TWh of final energy, is responsible for 7% of Austria’s industrial CO2 emissions. This study, intending to assess the potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions in the Austrian context in the P&P sector, uses a bottom-up approach model. The model is applied to analyze the energy consumption (heat and electricity) and CO2 emissions in the main processes, related to the P&P production from virgin or recycled fibers. Afterward, technological options to reduce energy consumption and fossil CO2 emissions for P&P production are investigated, and various low-carbon technologies are applied to the model. For each of the selected technologies, the potential of emission reduction and energy savings up to 2050 is estimated. Finally, a series of low-carbon technology-based scenarios are developed and evaluated. These scenarios’ content is based on the improvement potential associated with the various processes of different paper grades. The results reveal that the investigated technologies applied in the production process (chemical pulping and paper drying) have a minor impact on CO2 emission reduction (maximum 10% due to applying an impulse dryer). In contrast, steam supply electrification, by replacing fossil fuel boilers with direct heat supply (such as commercial electric boilers or heat pumps), enables reducing emissions by up to 75%. This means that the goal of 100% CO2 emission reduction by 2050 cannot be reached with one method alone. Consequently, a combination of technologies, particularly with the electrification of the steam supply, along with the use of carbon-free electricity generated by renewable energy, appears to be essential.

Assessing the Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Cost of Thermoelectric Generators for Passenger Automobiles: A Life Cycle Perspective

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kishita ◽  
Michinori Uwasu ◽  
Hiroyuki Takeda ◽  
Keishiro Hara ◽  
Yuji Ohishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective

Toward realizing a low-carbon society, a thermoelectric generator (TEG) is promising for energy harvesting by generating electricity from thermal energy, especially waste heat. While there are various technologies available for energy recovery, one of the strengths of TEGs is to retrieve usable energy from waste heat whose temperature is as low as 200∼300 degrees Celsius. Yet, the conversion efficiency of the current thermoelectric materials remains low at 5∼10%, which makes it difficult to diffuse TEGs in our society. In order to clarify required performances of TEGs to diffuse them in the future, this paper aims to assess the life cycle CO2 emissions (LCCO2) and life cycle cost (LCC) of TEGs based on several product lifecycle scenarios, each of which assumes different future situations in, e.g., conversion efficiency of TEGs. In this paper, we focus on TEGs for passenger automobiles since a range of the temperatures of their exhaust gas is suitable for TEGs. Additionally, we focus on bismuth telluride (Bi-Te) materials to develop TEGs since they have already been available for commercial use. A case study of installing Bi-Te TEGs in passenger automobiles is carried out. The region of interest is Suita City, Osaka, Japan. By describing two scenarios that assume different conversion efficiency of thermoelectric materials, we compare assessment results from the viewpoints of LCCO2 and LCC. The results reveal that using TEGs has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions of the city by 0.07∼0.30%. It is also shown that the TEG cost needs to be drastically reduced to make the usage of TEGs profitable.

scholarly journals The Complexity of Urban CO2 Emission Network: An Exploration of the Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis, China

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zuo Zhang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yanzhong Liu ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Rich Club ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Structural Equivalence ◽  
The Rich

With their focus on human production and consumption activities, cities incur massive energy consumption and CO2 emissions. An intercity connection is a typical complex system in which the interaction between cities is crucial for developing low-carbon outputs within the urban agglomeration. This paper presents the construction of the CO2 emission network of an urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River middle reaches megalopolis, based on the gravity model. Combined with social network analysis (SNA), a multilevel analysis framework is proposed to deal with the complexity, spatiality, and visualization of the CO2 emission network with reference to the network features, structural equivalence, and the rich-club phenomenon. The following results emerged: firstly, the spatial structure of the CO2 emissions was characterized by low robustness and compactness, indicating disunity among the studied cities. Secondly, there was found to be a strong correlation between regionalism and intercity connections, with geographically close cities playing a similar role in the network. Thirdly, the “rich-club” cities, including Wuhan, Changsha, Xiaogan, and Zhuzhou, dominated the connections, covering more than 87.1% of the network in the Yangtze River Middle Reaches Megalopolis.

scholarly journals The analysis of the innovative potential of the energy sector and low-carbon development: A case study for Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 100769
Author(s):  
Maciej Dzikuć ◽  
Jadwiga Gorączkowska ◽  
Arkadiusz Piwowar ◽  
Maria Dzikuć ◽  
Robert Smoleński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
Innovative Potential

Climate Change and Indigenous Akan Religio-Cultural Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-86
Author(s):  
Samuel Awuah-Nyamekye
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Development

AbstractMost national and international discussions have not seriously recognized the role religio-cultural practices of indigenous Africans can play in mitigating the effects of climate change. This paper, examines the contribution the indigenous people can make towards the mitigation of the effects of climate change, using the Akan of Ghana as a case study. Mostly, indigenous people who are the major stakeholders in land use in Ghana are marginalized when policies aimed at reducing environmental degradation are made. This has resulted in low gains in the fight against environmental degradation despite several interventions in Ghana. A recent report puts Ghana into a net-emitter of GHG bracket. This means the country has to embark on a Low Carbon Development Strategy to address the situation. This paper, therefore argues that unless indigenous people—major stakeholders of land use—are duly involved; it will be difficult to address the effects of climate change in Ghana.

scholarly journals City-Level Features of Energy Footprints and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Sichuan Province of China

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junbo Wang ◽  
Liu Chen ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Xiaohui Zhao ◽  
Minxi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Western China ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
The Western Region

The sustainable development of the western region of China has always been essential to the national development strategy. The Western region has undertaken an industrial transfer from the Eastern and Central regions. Therefore, the CO2 emission intensity in the western region is higher than those of the Eastern and Central regions of China, and consequently its low-carbon development pathway has an important impact for China as a whole. Sichuan Province is not only the province with the highest CO2 emissions, but also the most economically developed province in Western China in 2018. In order to promote low carbon development in the western region, it is important to understand the features of emissions in Sichuan Province and to formulate effective energy strategies accordingly. This paper uses the IPCC regional emission accounting method to calculate the carbon emissions of 15 cities in Sichuan province, and to comply with the city-level emission accounts. The results show that the total carbon emissions of Sichuan province over the past 10 years was 3258.32 mt and reached a peak in 2012. The smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, coal mining and dressing were the leading sectors that contributed to the emissions, accounting for 17.86% and 15.82%, respectively. Raw coal, cleaned coal, and coke were the most significant contributors to CO2 emissions, accounting for 43.73%, 9.55%, and 6.60%, respectively. Following the above results, the Sichuan provincial government can formulate differentiated energy structure policies according to different energy consumption structures and carbon emission levels in the 15 cities. By controlling the level of total emissions and regulating larger industrial emitters in Sichuan province, some useful information could be provided as an essential reference for low-carbon development in Western China, and contribute to the promotion of emissions mitigation from a more holistic perspective.

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