scholarly journals Linking the Remote Sensing of Geodiversity and Traits Relevant to Biodiversity—Part II: Geomorphology, Terrain and Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lausch ◽  
Michael E. Schaepman ◽  
Andrew K. Skidmore ◽  
Sina C. Truckenbrodt ◽  
Jörg M. Hacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Objective Monitoring ◽  
The Status ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Hyperspectral Sensor

The status, changes, and disturbances in geomorphological regimes can be regarded as controlling and regulating factors for biodiversity. Therefore, monitoring geomorphology at local, regional, and global scales is not only necessary to conserve geodiversity, but also to preserve biodiversity, as well as to improve biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Numerous remote sensing (RS) approaches and platforms have been used in the past to enable a cost-effective, increasingly freely available, comprehensive, repetitive, standardized, and objective monitoring of geomorphological characteristics and their traits. This contribution provides a state-of-the-art review for the RS-based monitoring of these characteristics and traits, by presenting examples of aeolian, fluvial, and coastal landforms. Different examples for monitoring geomorphology as a crucial discipline of geodiversity using RS are provided, discussing the implementation of RS technologies such as LiDAR, RADAR, as well as multi-spectral and hyperspectral sensor technologies. Furthermore, data products and RS technologies that could be used in the future for monitoring geomorphology are introduced. The use of spectral traits (ST) and spectral trait variation (STV) approaches with RS enable the status, changes, and disturbances of geomorphic diversity to be monitored. We focus on the requirements for future geomorphology monitoring specifically aimed at overcoming some key limitations of ecological modeling, namely: the implementation and linking of in-situ, close-range, air- and spaceborne RS technologies, geomorphic traits, and data science approaches as crucial components for a better understanding of the geomorphic impacts on complex ecosystems. This paper aims to impart multidimensional geomorphic information obtained by RS for improved utilization in biodiversity monitoring.

scholarly journals Operationalization of Remote Sensing Solutions for Sustainable Forest Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Gintautas Mozgeris ◽  
Ivan Balenović
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Status

The pre-requisite for sustainable management of natural resources is the availability of timely, cost-effective, and comprehensive information on the status and development trends of the management object [...]

scholarly journals Knowledge and Data-Driven Mapping of Environmental Status Indicators from Remote Sensing and VGI

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Alessia Goffi ◽  
Gloria Bordogna ◽  
Daniela Stroppiana ◽  
Mirco Boschetti ◽  
Pietro Alessandro Brivio
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Indicator

The paper proposes a transparent approach for mapping the status of environmental phenomena from multisource information based on both soft computing and machine learning. It is transparent, intended as human understandable as far as the employed criteria, and both knowledge and data-driven. It exploits remote sensing experts’ interpretations to define the contributing factors from which partial evidence of the environmental status are computed by processing multispectral images. Furthermore, it computes an environmental status indicator (ESI) map by aggregating the partial evidence degrees through a learning mechanism, exploiting volunteered geographic information (VGI). The approach is capable of capturing the specificities of local context, as well as to cope with the subjectivity of experts’ interpretations. The proposal is applied to map the status of standing water areas (i.e., water bodies and rivers and human-driven or natural hazard flooding) using multispectral optical images by ESA Sentinel-2 sources. VGI comprises georeferenced observations created both in situ by agronomists using a mobile application and by photointerpreters interacting with a geographic information system (GIS) using several information layers. Results of the validation experiments were performed in three areas of Northern Italy characterized by distinct ecosystems. The proposal showed better performances than traditional methods based on single spectral indexes.

scholarly journals Determination of Phycocyanin from Space—A Bibliometric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Igor Ogashawara
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in the number of studies about the estimation of phycocyanin derived from remote sensing techniques. Since phycocyanin is a unique pigment of inland water cyanobacteria, the quantification of its concentration from earth observation data is important for water quality monitoring - once some species can produce toxins. Because of the growth of this field in the past decade, several reviews and studies comparing algorithms have been published. Thus, instead of focusing on algorithms comparison or description, the goal of the present study is to systematically analyze and visualize the evolution of publications. Using the Web of Science database this study analyzed the existing publications on remote sensing of phycocyanin decade-by-decade for the period 1991–2020. The bibliometric analysis showed how research topics evolved from measuring pigments to the quantification of optical properties and from laboratory experiments to measuring entire temperate and tropical aquatic systems. This study provides the status quo and development trend of the field and points out what could be the direction for future research.

Rediscovery and taxonomic analysis of Romulea melitensis (Iridaceae) from the Maltese islands

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 483 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-243
Author(s):  
STEPHEN MIFSUD
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maltese Islands ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Dark Colour ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dark Violet

The status of the Maltese endemic Romulea melitensis remained doubtful since its description by Beguinot in 1907, primarily because plants with the morphological characters as referred in the diagnosis have not been substantiated in situ. A sand crocus with the combination of a smallish, dark violet corolla with a yellow throat and perianth segments up to 1.5 mm wide have never been witnessed in the Maltese Islands. A detailed analysis of the protologue and the type of R. melitensis has resulted that when Beguinot examined the 30-year-old exsiccatae, two important characters were misinterpreted, leading to the current ambiguous status of R. melitensis. A detailed account accompanied by specific illustrations and tabulated datasets are given to address this taxonomic misconception. In effect, R. melitensis has wider tepals and the dark colour of the corolla referred in the protologue is exhibited only at the abaxial surface of the tepals in some individuals. Under this adjusted morphological approach, ten populations corresponding to R. melitensis have been found in the Maltese islands, three of which matching completely with the taxon’s lectotype. In addition, morphological, palynological and chorological studies on these populations strongly suggest that R. melitensis is a hybrid between R. columnae and R. variicolor - a Siculo-Maltese endemic species. An identification key to the species of Romulea occurring or reported in the past from the Maltese Islands is supplied in this work.

scholarly journals Linking Remote Sensing and Geodiversity and Their Traits Relevant to Biodiversity—Part I: Soil Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lausch ◽  
Jussi Baade ◽  
Lutz Bannehr ◽  
Erik Borg ◽  
Jan Bumberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
The Face ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

In the face of rapid global change it is imperative to preserve geodiversity for the overall conservation of biodiversity. Geodiversity is important for understanding complex biogeochemical and physical processes and is directly and indirectly linked to biodiversity on all scales of ecosystem organization. Despite the great importance of geodiversity, there is a lack of suitable monitoring methods. Compared to conventional in-situ techniques, remote sensing (RS) techniques provide a pathway towards cost-effective, increasingly more available, comprehensive, and repeatable, as well as standardized monitoring of continuous geodiversity on the local to global scale. This paper gives an overview of the state-of-the-art approaches for monitoring soil characteristics and soil moisture with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and air- and spaceborne remote sensing techniques. Initially, the definitions for geodiversity along with its five essential characteristics are provided, with an explanation for the latter. Then, the approaches of spectral traits (ST) and spectral trait variations (STV) to record geodiversity using RS are defined. LiDAR (light detection and ranging), thermal and microwave sensors, multispectral, and hyperspectral RS technologies to monitor soil characteristics and soil moisture are also presented. Furthermore, the paper discusses current and future satellite-borne sensors and missions as well as existing data products. Due to the prospects and limitations of the characteristics of different RS sensors, only specific geotraits and geodiversity characteristics can be recorded. The paper provides an overview of those geotraits.

scholarly journals An overview of meso-scale aerosol processes, comparison and validation studies from DRAGON networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent N. Holben ◽  
Jhoon Kim ◽  
Itaru Sano ◽  
Sony Mukai ◽  
Thomas F. Eck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meso Scale ◽  
Aerosol Properties

Abstract. The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) program over the past 24 years has provided highly accurate remote sensing characterization of aerosol optical and physical properties for an increasingly extensive geographic distribution that includes all continents and many island sites. The measurements and retrievals from the AERONET global network have addressed satellite and model validation needs very well, but there have been challenges in making comparisons to similar parameters from in situ surface and airborne measurements. Additionally, with improved spatial and temporal satellite remote sensing of aerosols, there is a need for higher spatial resolution ground-based remote sensing networks. An effort to address this need resulted in a number of field campaign networks called Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGONs) that were designed to provide a database for in situ and remote sensing comparison and analysis of local to meso-scale variability of aerosol properties. This paper describes the networks that that have contributed and will continue to contribute to that body of research. The research presented in this special issue illustrates the diversity of topics that has resulted from the application of data from these networks.

scholarly journals Probing electronic structure in berkelium and californium via an electron microscopy nanosampling approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Müller ◽  
Gauthier J.-P. Deblonde ◽  
Peter Ercius ◽  
Steven E. Zeltmann ◽  
Rebecca J. Abergel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coupling Scheme ◽  
Rare Elements ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Status ◽  
Actinide Series ◽  
Solid Compounds ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

AbstractDue to their rarity and radioactive nature, comparatively little is known about the actinides, particularly those with atomic numbers higher than that of plutonium, and their compounds. In this work, we describe how transmission electron microscopy can provide comprehensive, safe, and cost-effective characterization using only single nanogram amounts of highly-radioactive, solid compounds. Chlorides of the rare elements berkelium and californium are dropcast and then converted in situ to oxides using the electron beam. The f-band occupancies are probed using electron energy loss spectroscopy and an unexpectedly weak spin-orbit-coupling is identified for berkelium. In contrast, californium follows a jj coupling scheme. These results have important implications for the chemistries of these elements and solidify the status of californium as a transitional element in the actinide series.

scholarly journals TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED EARTH OBSERVATION SCIENCE IN A BIG EARTH DATA ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W10 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
T. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Science ◽  
World View ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abrupt Changes

Abstract. Earth observation (EO) data – including satellite-borne, airborne or drone-based imagery – have become indispensable for the monitoring of the environment. EO supports tackling the ‘grand challenges’ at global spatial scales, such as global change and climate variability technology but also retail or insurance. Like a macroscope, it opens research avenues to observe processes occurring over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, from abrupt changes such as earthquakes, to decadal shifts such as growth and shrinkage of ice sheets. Particularly satellite data became a success story and empowered individuals, businesses and society. Until a few years ago, the term remote sensing mainly stood for a digital raster world view while the GIS community was inclined to the vector world. “Earth Observation” seems to be integrative and to accommodate various means of data acquisition from satellites, aircrafts, drones, to in situ measurements. Today the rapid growth of data science, the consumerization of GIS and remote sensing, and the continued spread of online cartographic tools are prompting a more holistic Earth Observation Science and interdisciplinary educational programmes.

scholarly journals An overview of mesoscale aerosol processes, comparisons, and validation studies from DRAGON networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent N. Holben ◽  
Jhoon Kim ◽  
Itaru Sano ◽  
Sonoyo Mukai ◽  
Thomas F. Eck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Mesoscale Variability ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
The Past

Abstract. Over the past 24 years, the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) program has provided highly accurate remote-sensing characterization of aerosol optical and physical properties for an increasingly extensive geographic distribution including all continents and many oceanic island and coastal sites. The measurements and retrievals from the AERONET global network have addressed satellite and model validation needs very well, but there have been challenges in making comparisons to similar parameters from in situ surface and airborne measurements. Additionally, with improved spatial and temporal satellite remote sensing of aerosols, there is a need for higher spatial-resolution ground-based remote-sensing networks. An effort to address these needs resulted in a number of field campaign networks called Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGONs) that were designed to provide a database for in situ and remote-sensing comparison and analysis of local to mesoscale variability in aerosol properties. This paper describes the DRAGON deployments that will continue to contribute to the growing body of research related to meso- and microscale aerosol features and processes. The research presented in this special issue illustrates the diversity of topics that has resulted from the application of data from these networks.

Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture and Regional Drought Monitoring

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Passive Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Mitigating the effects of drought can be improved through better information on the current status, the prediction of occurrence, and the extent of drought. Soil moisture can now be measured using a new generation of microwave remote sensing satellites. These measurements can be used to monitor drought conditions on a daily basis over the entire earth. The quality of these products will continue to improve over time as new sensors are launched. These satellite products, combined with existing in situ observations and models, should be exploited in drought monitoring, assessment, and prediction. Measuring soil moisture on a routine basis has the potential to significantly improve our understanding of climatic processes and strengthen our ability to model and forecast these processes. Leese et al. (2001) concluded that the optimal approach to monitoring soil moisture would be a combination of model-derived estimates using in situ and remotely sensed measurements. In this regard, each method produces soil moisture values that are both unique and complementary. This concept is essentially the process of data assimilation described by Houser et al. (1998). In situ measurements of soil moisture have been made in a few countries over the past 70 years (Robock et al., 2000). However, due to cost and sensor limitations, there are few soil moisture sensor systems available today, especially for automated measurements. A lack of routine observations of soil moisture has led to the use of surrogate measurements (i.e., antecedent precipitation index) and modeled estimates, which limits the possibility of physically based model validation and acceptance. Current tools to predict drought, such as drought indices and Global Climate Models (GCMs), do not include any direct observations of the soil condition, which is critical for agriculture. Passive microwave remote sensing instruments respond to the amount of moisture in the soil. Several methods have the potential to provide both soil moisture and drought information. In the past, the options have been limited by the availability of satellite systems. Even with these limitations, investigators have explored the potential of these data in soil moisture studies with some success.

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