scholarly journals Deformations Prior to the Brumadinho Dam Collapse Revealed by Sentinel-1 InSAR Data Using SBAS and PSI Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3664
Author(s):  
Fábio F. Gama ◽  
José C. Mura ◽  
Waldir R. Paradella ◽  
Cleber G. de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Tailings Dam ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Ground Deformations ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Small Baseline ◽  
Interferometric Sar

Differential Interferometric SAR (DInSAR) has been used to monitor surface deformations in open pit mines and tailings dams. In this paper, ground deformations have been detected on the area of tailings Dam-I at the Córrego do Feijão Mine (Brumadinho, Brazil) before its catastrophic failure occurred on 25 January 2019. Two techniques optimized for different scattering models, SBAS (Small BAseline Subset) and PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry), were used to perform the analysis based on 26 Sentinel-1B images in Interferometric Wide Swath (IW) mode, which were acquired on descending orbits from 03 March 2018 to 22 January 2019. A WorldDEM Digital Surface Model (DSM) product was used to remove the topographic phase component. The results provided by both techniques showed a synoptic and informative view of the deformation process affecting the study area, with the detection of persistent trends of deformation on the crest, middle, and bottom sectors of the dam face until its collapse, as well as the settlements on the tailings. It is worth noting the detection of an acceleration in the displacement time-series for a short period near the failure. The maximum accumulated displacements detected along the downstream slope face were −39 mm (SBAS) and −48 mm (PSI). It is reasonable to consider that Sentinel-1 would provide decision makers with complementary motion information to the in situ monitoring system for risk assessment and for a better understanding of the ongoing instability phenomena affecting the tailings dam.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Vulnerability of the Dam and Dikes in Germano Iron Mining Area after the Collapse of the Tailings Dam of Fundão (Mariana-MG, Brazil) Using DInSAR Techniques with TerraSAR-X Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Mura ◽  
Fábio Gama ◽  
Waldir Paradella ◽  
Priscila Negrão ◽  
Samuel Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Tailings Dam ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Spatiotemporal Information ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Iron Mining ◽  
Small Baseline

The Fundão tailings dam in the Germano iron mining complex (Mariana, Brazil) collapsed on the afternoon of 5 November 2015, and around 32.6 million cubic meters of mining waste spilled from the dam, causing polluion with mining waste along a trajectory of 668 km, extending to the Atlantic Ocean. The Sela & Tulipa and Selinha dikes, and the main Germano tailings dam, were directly or indirectly affected by the accident. This work presents an investigation using Advanced-Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (A-DInSAR) techniques for risk assessment in these critical structures during 18 months after the catastrophic event. The approach was based on the integration of SBAS (Small Baseline Subset) and PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) techniques, aiming at detecting linear and nonlinear ground displacements in these mining structures. It used a set of 48 TerraSAR-X images acquired on ascending mode from 11 November 2015 to 15 May 2017. The results provided by the A-DInSAR analysis indicated an overall stability in the dikes and in the main wall of Germano tailings dam, which is in agreement with in situ topographic monitoring. In addition, it was possible to detect areas within the reservoir showing accumulated values of up to −125 mm of subsidence, probably caused by settlements of the waste dry material due to the interruption of the mining waste deposition, and values up to −80 mm on auxiliary dikes, probably caused by continuous traffic of heavy equipment. The spatiotemporal information of surface displacement of this large mining structure can be used for future operational planning and risk control.

scholarly journals Analysis and Classification of Natural and Human-Induced Ground Deformations at Regional Scale (Campania, Italy) Detected by Satellite Synthetic-Aperture Radar Interferometry Archive Datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Matano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Ground Deformations ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Geological Conditions

The high levels of geo-hydrological, seismic, and volcanic hazards in the Campania region prompted full data collection from C-band satellites ERS-1/2, ENVISAT, and RADARSAT within regional (TELLUS) and national (PST-A) projects. The quantitative analysis, interpretation, and classification of natural and human-induced slow-rate ground deformations across a span of two decades (1992–2010) was performed at regional scale (Campania, Italy) by using interferometric archive datasets, based on the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry approach. As radar satellite sensors have a side-looking view, the post-processing of the interferometric datasets allows for the evaluation of two spatial components (vertical and E-W horizontal ones) of ground deformation, while the N-S horizontal component cannot be detected. The ground deformation components have been analyzed across 89.5% of the Campania territory within a variety of environmental, topographical, and geological conditions. The main part (57%) of the regional territory was characterized during 1992–2010 by stable areas, where SAR signals do not have recorded significant horizontal and vertical components of ground deformation with an average annual rate greater than +1 mm/yr or lower than −1 mm/yr. Within the deforming areas, the coastal plains are characterized by widespread and continuous strong subsidence signals due to sediment compaction locally enhanced by human activity, while the inner plain sectors show mainly scattered spots with locally high subsidence in correspondence of urban areas, sinkholes, and groundwater withdrawals. The volcanic sectors show interplaying horizontal and vertical trends due to volcano-tectonic processes, while in the hilly and mountain inner sectors the ground deformation is mainly controlled by large-scale tectonic activity and by local landslide activity. The groundwater-related deformation is the dominant cause of human-caused ground deformation. The results confirm the importance of using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry data for a comprehensive understanding of rates and patterns of recent ground deformation at regional scale also within tectonically active areas as in Campania region.

scholarly journals Applying persistent scatterer interferometry for surface displacement mapping in the Azul open pit manganese mine (Amazon region) with TerraSAR-X StripMap data

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 095978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina de Athayde Pinto ◽  
Waldir Renato Paradella ◽  
José Claudio Mura ◽  
Fabio Furlan Gama ◽  
Athos Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Displacement Mapping ◽  
Persistent Scatterer

scholarly journals DEFORMATION EFFECTS OF DAMS ON COASTAL REGIONS USING SENTINEL-1 IW TOPS TIME SERIES: THE WEST LESVOS, GREECE CASE

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W2 ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Karamvasis ◽  
V. Karathanassi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Small Baseline ◽  
Interferometric Sar

Coastal zones are vulnerable to erosion and loss by level sea rise. Subsidence caused by the reduction of fluvial sediments in coastal zones found close to dams, is another important deformation factor. Quantification of the deformation rate of coastal region is essential for natural and anthropogenic activities. The study utilizes Interferometric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) techniques and exploits the archive of Sentinel-1 TOPS data for the period 2014–2016. The freely available, wide ground coverage (250 × 170 km) and small temporal resolution Sentinel-1 TOPS datasets are promising for coastal applications. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) methodologies are considered state-of-the-art remote sensing approaches for land deformation monitoring. The selected PSI method is the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) multitemporal InSAR technique. The study area of this study is the coastal zone of west region of Lesvos Island, Greece. The main characteristic of the area is the reduction of the fluvial sediment supply from the coastal drainage basins due to construction of dams and the abstraction of riverine sediments. The study demonstrates the potentials of the SBAS method for measuring and mapping the dynamic changes in coastal topography in terms of subsidence rates and discusses its advantages and limitations. The results show that natural and rural environments appear to have diverse ground deformation patterns.

scholarly journals PERSISTENT SCATTERER INTERFEROMETRY USING SENTINEL-1 DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B7 ◽  
pp. 835-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Crosetto ◽  
O. Monserrat ◽  
N. Devanthéry ◽  
M. Cuevas-González ◽  
A. Barra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Sar Data ◽  
Interferometric Sar ◽  
High Coherence

This paper is focused on deformation monitoring using a Persistent Scatterer Interferometry technique and the interferometric SAR data acquired by the Sentinel-1 satellite of the European Space Agency. The first part of the paper describes the procedure used to process and analyze Sentinel-1 interferometric SAR data. Two main approaches are described. The first one is a simplified Persistent Scatterer Interferometry approach that exploits two key properties of the Sentinel-1 data: the high coherence of the 12-day interferograms and the reduced orbital tube. The second approach is a full Persistent Scatterer Interferometry approach, where a more sophisticate data treatment is employed. The second part of the paper illustrates the results obtained with the two processing approaches. Two case studies are described. The first one concerns landslide detection and monitoring. In this case, the simplified Persistent Scatterer Interferometry approach was used. The second one regards the deformation monitoring of an urban area. In this case, a full Persistent Scatterer Interferometry approach was used.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue “Urban Deformation Monitoring using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry and SAR Tomography”

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Alessandra Budillon ◽  
Michele Crosetto ◽  
Oriol Monserrat
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interferometric Sar ◽  
Aperture Radar

This Special Issue hosts papers related to deformation monitoring in urban areas based on two main techniques: Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Tomography (TomoSAR). Several contributions highlight the capabilities of Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and PSI techniques for urban deformation monitoring. In this Special Issue, a wide range of InSAR and PSI applications are addressed. Some contributions show the advantages of TomoSAR in un-mixing multiple scatterers for urban mapping and monitoring. This issue includes a contribution that compares PSI and TomoSAR and another one that uses polarimetric data for TomoSAR.

scholarly journals Landslide Mapping and Monitoring Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) Technique in the French Alps

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Aslan ◽  
Michael Foumelis ◽  
Daniel Raucoules ◽  
Marcello De Michele ◽  
Severine Bernardie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Kinematic Evolution ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
State Of Activity

Continuous geodetic measurements in landslide prone regions are necessary to avoid disasters and better understand the spatiotemporal and kinematic evolution of landslides. The detection and characterization of landslides in high alpine environments remains a challenge associated with difficult accessibility, extensive coverage, limitations of available techniques, and the complex nature of landslide process. Recent studies using space-based observations and especially Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) techniques with the integration of in-situ monitoring instrumentation are providing vital information for an actual landslide monitoring. In the present study, the Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers InSAR package (StaMPS) is employed to process the series of Sentinel 1-A and 1-B Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images acquired between 2015 and 2019 along ascending and descending orbits for the selected area in the French Alps. We applied the proposed approach, based on extraction of Active Deformation Areas (ADA), to automatically detect and assess the state of activity and the intensity of the suspected slow-moving landslides in the study area. We illustrated the potential of Sentinel-1 data with the aim of detecting regions of relatively low motion rates that be can attributed to activate landslide and updated pre-existing national landslide inventory maps on a regional scale in terms of slow moving landslides. Our results are compared to pre-existing landslide inventories. More than 100 unknown slow-moving landslides, their spatial pattern, deformation rate, state of activity, as well as orientation are successfully identified over an area of 4000 km2 located in the French Alps. We also address the current limitations due the nature of PSI and geometric characteristic of InSAR data for measuring slope movements in mountainous environments like Alps.

scholarly journals IW Sentinel-1 satellite scenes for the investigation of mine slope stability: experiences from the Riacho dos Machados gold mine (Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Marcos Eduardo Hartwig ◽  
Leandro Ribes De Lima ◽  
Daniele Perissin
Keyword(s):  
Open Pit ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Surface Displacements ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Mine Slope ◽  
Radar Satellite ◽  
Orbit Geometry

In the last decade, the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry – PSI have been largely employed to predict instabilities and failure in open pit mines. The PSI is a powerful technique, which combines radar satellite data in order to detect and monitor tiny surface displacements over vast areas. In the last years, the Sentinel-1 radar mission have produced images of the globe acquired with different spatial and temporal resolutions that are now freely available. In recent years, the footwall slopes of the Riacho dos Machados Gold Mine – MRDM (Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil) have recorded large planar failures controlled by foliation planes. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to evaluate a stack of 39 Interferometric Wide Sentinel-1 scenes, spanning from January 2018 to April 2019, acquired in descending orbit geometry, for the detection and monitoring of surface displacements in the MRDM. The results have shown that descending IW Sentinel-1 scenes can be used to provide a broad picture of the Line-Of-Sight - LOS deformation phenomena. In order to monitor the evolution of the deformation phenomena induced by mining activities, LOS deformation maps with millimeter accuracy could be only delivered at least each 12 days.

scholarly journals Advanced interpretation of land subsidence by validating multi-interferometric SAR data: the case study of the Anthemountas basin (northern Greece)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1213-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Raspini ◽  
C. Loupasakis ◽  
D. Rozos ◽  
S. Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Interferometric Sar ◽  
The Village

Abstract. The potential of repeat-pass space borne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) interferometry has been exploited to investigate spatial patterns of land subsidence in the Anthemountas basin, in the northern part of Greece. The PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) approach, based on the processing of long series of SAR acquisitions, has been applied to forty-two images acquired in 1995–2001 by ERS1/2 satellites. Interferometric results have been analyzed at a basin scale as support for land motion mapping and at local scale for the characterization of ground motion events affecting the village of Perea in the Thermaikos municipality and the "Macedonia" international airport. PSI results revealed a moderate subsidence phenomenon along the wider coastal zone of Anthemountas basin corresponding to intense groundwater extraction. Highest values, exceeding 20 mm yr−1, were measured in the airport area where the thickest sequence of compressible Quaternary sediments occurs. Intense subsidence has been detected also in the Perea village (maximum deformation up to 10–15 mm yr−1), where a series of fractures, causing damages to both buildings and infrastructure, occurred in 2005–2006. Furthermore, a linear pattern of deformation, elongated parallel to the major normal Thermi fault, has been observed, indicating movements with a probable tectonic component.

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