scholarly journals Integration of Digital Image Correlation of Sentinel-2 Data and Continuous GNSS for Long-Term Slope Movements Monitoring in Moderately Rapid Landslides

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2605
Author(s):  
Marco Mulas ◽  
Giuseppe Ciccarese ◽  
Giovanni Truffelli ◽  
Alessandro Corsini
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Slope Movement ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Slope Movements ◽  
Sentinel 2

This work explores the advantages and drawbacks of the application of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) data in conjunction with continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) monitoring. The goal is to retrieve a spatially distributed and long-term time-series of slope movements in large-scale moderately rapid landslides. The short revisit time of Sentinel-2 satellites (5 days since March 2017 and 10 days before) increases the availability of cloud and snow free satellite acquisitions of the area of interest, which is a prerequisite for the extrapolation of slope movement time-series using DIC techniques. Despite the Sentinel-2 limited spatial resolution, the derived long time-series can be integrated with—and validated by—continuous GNSS monitoring data. This allows to effectively monitor landslide movements that are too fast for the application of interferometric approaches. In this study, we used the Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) digital image correlation technique by 51 Sentinel-2 MSI scenes (band 4 with 10 m spatial resolution), acquired between 19 February 2016 and 16 July 2019, to derive the slope movement time-series of the Ca’ Lita earthslide-earthflow in the northern Apennines (Italy). During the period considered, the landslide experienced two to three months-long phases of moderately rapid velocity (around 10 m/month) and, in between, prolonged periods of slow movements (approx. 10 cm/month). NCC results have been integrated with, and are compared to, time series from three continuous GNSS devices located in different geomorphic zones of the landslide. On this basis, the errors and limitations associated to NCC time series are analysed and discussed together with their advantages and potentialities for assessing the spatial distribution and monitoring slope movements during moderately rapid reactivation events.

scholarly journals Super Resolution Digital Image Correlation (SR-DIC): an Alternative to Image Stitching at High Magnifications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hansen ◽  
D. W. Waldram ◽  
T. Q. Thai ◽  
R. B. Berke
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image

Abstract Background High-resolution Digital Image Correlation (DIC) measurements have previously been produced by stitching of neighboring images, which often requires short working distances. Separately, the image processing community has developed super resolution (SR) imaging techniques, which improve resolution by combining multiple overlapping images. Objective This work investigates the novel pairing of super resolution with digital image correlation, as an alternative method to produce high-resolution full-field strain measurements. Methods First, an image reconstruction test is performed, comparing the ability of three previously published SR algorithms to replicate a high-resolution image. Second, an applied translation is compared against DIC measurement using both low- and super-resolution images. Third, a ring sample is mechanically deformed and DIC strain measurements from low- and super-resolution images are compared. Results SR measurements show improvements compared to low-resolution images, although they do not perfectly replicate the high-resolution image. SR-DIC demonstrates reduced error and improved confidence in measuring rigid body translation when compared to low resolution alternatives, and it also shows improvement in spatial resolution for strain measurements of ring deformation. Conclusions Super resolution imaging can be effectively paired with Digital Image Correlation, offering improved spatial resolution, reduced error, and increased measurement confidence.

Potential of multisensor assessment using digital image correlation for landslide detection and monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Hermle ◽  
Markus Keuschnig ◽  
Michael Krautblatter
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Remote Sensing Systems ◽  
Uav Images ◽  
Sentinel 2

<p>With the combination of diverse remote sensing data, one can estimate the detection capabilities of gravitational mass movement dynamics and behaviour. Recent multispectral satellite sensors such as Sentinel-2, RapidEye and PlanetScope offer unprecedented spatiotemporal resolutions, hence reducing data gaps of alpine meteorological constraints. In addition to this data, very high resolution and accurate UAV images cover a broad range of spatial resolutions. The strengths of these remote sensing systems allow the data compilation of vast, difficult and dangerous to access mountain areas. However, the limitations of the spatiotemporal resolution for (i) pre-event landslide detection, (ii) monitoring of already known mass movements and (iii) the capability to measure rapid changes (e.g.  accelerations) for warnings have not been examined extensively. Thus, there is an important need to understand the potential of multispectral images to detect, monitor, and identify rapid changes prior to landslide events to increase the forecasting window.</p><p>Digital image correlation (DIC), as indispensable tool to measure surface displacements, aids in estimating the fitness of different remote sensing images. Here, we present first results of motion delineation by DIC of the Sattelkar, a high-alpine, deglaciated and debris-laden cirque in the Obersulzbach-valley, Austria. We used comprehensive knowledge of the study site to thoroughly understand DIC motion clusters for verification purposes. We then compared three different DIC software tools, COSI-Corr, DIC‑FFT and IMCORR. They revealed similar results for the three satellite systems in terms of hot spot areas as well as noise. Our findings show large motion inaccuracies for Sentinel-2, RapidEye and PlanetScope images due to spatial resolution, poor image co-registration and changing data quality. In contrast, displacement patterns from the three UAV images (7/2018, 7/2019, 9/2019) demonstrate good positional accuracy as well as data usability for this approach. The inherited noise results from decorrelation due to high velocities suggest using an increased temporal image acquisition for further evaluation.</p><p>Reliable, precise results for landslide detection, their ongoing monitoring and the measurement capability for significant changes are necessary for targeted investigations, precautionary measures and the start of the forecasting window. Multispectral UAV images of high positional accuracy and quality are able to provide dependable relative displacement velocities and have the capability to serve as a reliable tool. On the contrary, satellite images showed delusive results, and we recommend reconsidering their deployment in future applications. The knowledge of the most suitable data in terms of accuracy and processing speed is crucial for landslide identification, monitoring and acceleration threshold detection. At present, our prelimiary findings show the capability to detect and monitor relative and mainly slow changes. The detection of rapid changes lacks due to the accuracy, resolution and revisit time of the investigated remote sensing systems.</p>

scholarly journals A Cross-Dichroic-Prism-Based Multi-Perspective Digital Image Correlation System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xizuo Dan ◽  
Junrui Li ◽  
Qihan Zhao ◽  
Fangyuan Sun ◽  
Yonghong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Single Camera ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Correlation System ◽  
Planar Mirrors

A robust three-perspective digital image correlation (DIC) system based on a cross dichroic prism and single three charge-coupled device (3CCD) color cameras is proposed in this study. Images from three different perspectives are captured by a 3CCD camera using the cross dichroic prism and two planar mirrors. These images are then separated by different CCD channels to perform correlation calculation with an existing multi-camera DIC algorithm. The proposed system is considerably more compact than the conventional multi-camera DIC system. In addition, the proposed system has no loss of spatial resolution compared with the traditional single-camera DIC system. The principle and experimental setup of the proposed system is described in detail, and a series of tests is performed to validate the system. Experimental results show that the proposed system performs well in displacement, morphology, and strain measurement.

scholarly journals Sliding Time Master Digital Image Correlation Analyses of CubeSat Images for landslide Monitoring: The Rattlesnake Hills Landslide (USA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Mazzanti ◽  
Paolo Caporossi ◽  
Riccardo Muzi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Correlation Analyses ◽  
Good Spatial Resolution ◽  
Rattlesnake Hills

Landslide monitoring is a global challenge that can take strong advantage from opportunities offered by Earth Observation (EO). The increasing availability of constellations of small satellites (e.g., CubeSats) is allowing the collection of satellite images at an incredible revisit time (daily) and good spatial resolution. Furthermore, this trend is expected to grow rapidly in the next few years. In order to explore the potential of using a long stack of images for improving the measurement of ground displacement, we developed a new procedure called STMDA (Slide Time Master Digital image correlation Analyses) that we applied to one year long stack of PlanetScope images for back analyzing the displacement pattern of the Rattlesnake Hills landslide occurred between the 2017 and 2018 in the Washington State (USA). Displacement maps and time-series of displacement of different portions of the landslide was derived, measuring velocity up to 0.5 m/week, i.e., very similar to velocities available in literature. Furthermore, STMDA showed also a good potential in denoising the time-series of displacement at the whole scale with respect to the application of standard DIC methods, thus providing displacement precision up to 0.01 pixels.

Speckle Pattern Characterisation for High Resolution Digital Image Correlation

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Crammond ◽  
S.W. Boyd ◽  
Janice M. Dulieu-Barton
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Optical Technique ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Grey Scale

Digital image correlation (DIC) is an optical technique for full field deformation measurement. The spatial resolution and precision of the measurements are limited by the number of pixels within the image. The use of magnifying optics provides greater spatial resolution images, enabling smaller displacements to be observed with greater accuracy. Increasing the magnification of an image significantly changes the appearance of the non-periodic, stochastic speckle pattern which provides the grey scale contrast necessary for the image correlation method. In the paper a methodology is developed to evaluate the properties of different speckle pattern types under a range of resolutions up to 705 pixel / mm. Numerical deformation of the patterns is also undertaken to evaluate how the changes in the pattern properties affect the accuracy of the DIC measurements.

Measurement of vertical and longitudinal rail displacements using digital image correlation

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Murray ◽  
W. Andy Take ◽  
Neil A. Hoult
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rail Vehicle ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

Excessive rail displacements can result in reduced rail traffic speeds and increased risk of derailments. A number of methods exist for the measurement of vertical rail displacements, including using geophones, high-speed cameras, and rail vehicle mounted systems. The advantage of rail vehicle mounted methods is that large lengths of track can be assessed. However, there are some instances where the measurement of absolute rail deformations is essential, particularly in poor subgrade conditions where significant long-term settlements are possible. Vehicle-mounted monitoring strategies cannot capture the so-called “running rail” phenomena, where the passage of a train can push the rails longitudinally. Monitoring rail displacements using digital image correlation (DIC) has the potential to capture both of these phenomena unlike other technologies. The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the use of a system of synchronized high-speed cameras to measure absolute longitudinal and vertical rail displacements using DIC, to observe what factors influence the relative magnitudes of these displacements, and to investigate whether DIC measurements can be used to evaluate the stiffness and damping parameters required to develop the displacement–time response of a rail foundation system. The DIC system was evaluated at two sites: one with a high-quality subgrade and one with a peat subgrade. The DIC system was able to capture the absolute vertical and longitudinal displacements due to the passage of trains at both sites. The data from one of the sites, with the high-quality subgrade, were used to develop parameters for system stiffness and damping.

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