scholarly journals Small Scale Landslide Detection Using Sentinel-1 Interferometric SAR Coherence

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Tzouvaras ◽  
Chris Danezis ◽  
Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Probability Of False Alarm ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Interferometric Sar

Infrastructure is operational under normal circumstances and is designed to cope with common natural disruptions such as rainfall and snow. Natural hazards can lead to severe problems at the areas where such phenomena occur, but also at neighboring regions as they can make parts of a road network virtually impassable. Landslides are one of the most devastating natural hazards worldwide, triggered by various factors that can be monitored via ground-based and/or satellite-based techniques. Cyprus is in an area of high susceptibility to such phenomena. Currently, extensive field campaigns including geotechnical drilling investigations and geophysical excavations are conducted to monitor land movements, and, at the same time, determine the geological suitability of areas. Active satellite remote sensors, namely Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), have been widely used for detecting and monitoring landslides and other ground deformation phenomena using Earth Observation based techniques. This paper aims to demonstrate how the use of Copernicus open-access and freely distributed datasets along with the exploitation of the open-source processing software SNAP (Sentinel’s Application Platform), provided by the European Space Agency, can be used for landslide detection, as in the case study near Pissouri, where a landslide was triggered by heavy rainfall on 15 February 2019, which caused a major disturbance to everyday commuters since the motorway connecting the cities of Limassol and Paphos remained closed for more than a month. The Coherent Change Detection (CCD) methodology was applied successfully by detecting the phenomenon under study accurately, using two indicators (the coherence difference and the normalized coherence difference). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was carried out to measure their performance with the coherence difference having an overall accuracy of 93% and the normalized coherence difference having an overall accuracy of 94.8% for detecting the landslide and non-landslide areas. The probability of landslide detection was 63.2% in the case of the coherence difference and increased to 73.7% for the normalized coherence difference, whereas the probability of false alarm for both indicators was approximately 1%.

InSAR techniques to determine mining-related deformations using Sentinel-1 data: the case study of Rydułtowy mine in Poland.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Pawłuszek-Filipiak ◽  
Andrzej Borkowski
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Interferometric Sar ◽  
Nonlinear Deformations ◽  
Differential Sar Interferometry

<p>Since launching Sentinel 1 satellites, the European Space Agency has been providing a huge amount of repeated SAR data. Thanks to 6-days revisiting time, it creates a perfect possibility for the monitoring of ground deformation, caused by underground mining activity, by using Differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR).</p><p>Because, DInSAR exploits single interferometric SAR pairs, the accuracy of this technique is limited by spatial and temporal decorrelation and atmospheric artifacts. To minimize the atmospheric influence on DInSAR results, we investigated precipitation and relative humidity data acquired from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW). Theoretically, the summed atmospheric LOS errors due to relative humidity for 106 ascending and 112 descending images are -3.5 cm and 7,5 cm, respectively.  In fact, we observed that there is a moderate correlation between precipitation/relative humidity and “bad” acquisition in relatively small study area. Nevertheless, we were able to remove 33 ascending and 15 descending images from the queue of consecutive DInSAR. Finally, it allowed to estimate up to 1m subsidence in the period of 1 Jan 2017–8 Oct 2018 in the Rydułtowy mine located in the southwest part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), Poland.</p><p>To evaluate our DInSAR accuracy due to atmospheric artefacts, we decided to compare the results with “atmospheric-free” results acquired by SBAS technique. SBAS separates diverse interferometric components that correspond to deformation, topographic error, atmospheric error, and orbital errors.</p><p>The Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) has been calculated between SBAS and DInSAR for selected subsidence profiles. The maximal RMSE was found to be 3.6 cm and 4.1cm for ascending and descending LOS displacements, respectively. This shows that DInSAR cannot be used for monitoring millimeter-level deformation. On the contrary, it can be effectively used to assess quick nonlinear deformations reaching several decimeters /year such as in the presented study case.</p>

Europe's Path To Mars: The European Space Agency's Mars Express Mission

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Russo
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Mars Exploration ◽  
Mars Express ◽  
The Public ◽  
Science Programme ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
History Of

Mars Express is the first planetary mission accomplished by the European Space Agency (ESA). Launched in early June 2003, the spacecraft entered Mars's orbit on Christmas day of that year, demonstrating the new European commitment to planetary exploration. Following a failed attempt in the mid-1980s, two valid proposals for a European mission to Mars were submitted to ESA's decision-making bodies in the early 1990s, in step with renewed international interest in Mars exploration. Both were rejected, however, in the competitive selection process for the agency's Science Programme. Eventually, the Mars Express proposal emerged during a severe budgetary crisis in the mid-1990s as an exemplar of a “flexible mission” that could reduce project costs and development time. Its successful maneuvering through financial difficulties and conflicting scientific interests was due to the new management approach as well as to the public appeal of Mars exploration. In addition to providing a case study in the functioning of the ESA's Science Programme, the story of Mars Express discussed in this paper provides a case study in the functioning of the European Space Agency's Science Programme and suggests some general considerations on the peculiar position of space research in the general field of the history of science and technology.

scholarly journals Helioseismology from space, the SOHO project

1988 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 545-548
Author(s):  
V. Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Corona ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Heliospheric Observatory ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Cluster A ◽  
Physics Programme

As a cornerstone of its long term plan for space science research, the European Space Agency (ESA) is developing the Solar Terrestrial Physics Programme that consists of two parts: one, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) for the study of the solar internal structure and the physics of the solar corona and the solar wind, and another, CLUSTER, a series of four spacecraft flying in formation to study small scale plasma phenomena in several regions of the magnetosphere and in the near Earth solar wind. The feasibility of the missions was demonstrated in Phase A studies carried out by industrial consortia under the supervision of ESA (1,2). According to the current plans an announcement of opportunity calling for instrument proposals will be issued by ESA during the first quarter of 1987. It is foreseen that the spacecraft will be launched by the end of 1994.

scholarly journals Joint Discussion 6: Sun and Heliosphere - Challenges for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Magneto-and Hydrodynamics

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 291-293
Author(s):  
Martin C.E. Huber ◽  
Arne Pedersen ◽  
Claus Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Plasma Heating ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plasma Boundary ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Terrestrial Magnetosphere ◽  
Surrounding Space

There is one astrophysical system, where the sites of a star’s mass loss can be localised and observed in detail, and where the behaviour of the resulting stellar wind in the star’s environment and around orbiting obstacles can be investigated in situ: it is the Sun, the heliosphere and the surroundings of planets — among the latter most prominently the terrestrial magnetosphere. Indeed, within a year or so a fleet of satellites equipped with sophisticated remote-sensing and in-situ instruments will make this astronomical paradigm, or more precisely, the solar-terrestrial system accessible to intensive, multi-disciplinary study.Four identical CLUSTER spacecraft, orbiting the Earth within the magnetosphere, the surrounding space and the particularly interesting plasma boundary layers will perform a three-dimensional in-situ study of plasma-heating, particle-acceleration and other small-scale plasma processes (Schmidt and Goldstein,1988). A number of other missions — some of them already in orbit, like GEOTAIL and WIND, some to be launched within one or two years, like INTERBALL and POLAR — will provide information about the Earth’s magnetosphere and the solar wind on larger spatial scales. These missions are described in a Brochure issued jointly by the European Space Agency, NASA, the Japanese Institute of Space and Astronomical Science and the Rssian Space Agency, which can be obtained from A. Pedersen at the above address.

scholarly journals Mapping Snow for Area Where was Detected Ground Deplacement: A Case Studi of Iaşi County

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Paul Macarof ◽  
Cezarina Georgiana Bartic Lazăr ◽  
Florian Statescu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Ground Displacement ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Numerical Indicator ◽  
Normalized Difference Snow Index ◽  
Differential Radar Interferometry ◽  
Wide Swath

Abstract The main goal of this paper is to detect snow in areas where was detecting and mapping, using Differential Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) technique, ground displacement. DInSAR is a powerful tool to detect and monitor ground deformation. Iaşi county is considered as study area in this research. Study area is geographically situated on latitude 46°48’N to 47°35’N and longitude 26°29’E to 28°07’E. For this paper, to detect and mapping grond displacement, was used Sentinel – 1 images, provided free by The European Space Agency (ESA), for January 2018, with vertical polarization (VV), ascending orbit and Interferometric Wide swath (IW) mode operated. SNAP was used to process the Sentinel – 1 images. Landsat-8 OLI was taken to detect areas cover with snow using Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) - a numerical indicator that shows snow cover over land areas. ArcMap was used to create NDSI map after Landsat-8 data was preprocessed. The presence of snow has been observed both in the areas where it exists vertical displacement positive and negative.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT EXTENT BASED ON VCI USING SENTINEL DATA: A CASE STUDY OF THE EASTERN OF IAŞI COUNTY

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Paul Macarof ◽  
Florian Statescu ◽  
Cristian Iulian Birlica ◽  
Paul Gherasim
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Vegetation Condition Index ◽  
Sentinel 2

In this study was analyzed zones affected by drought using Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), that is based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This fact, drought, is one of the most wide -spread and least understood natural phenomena. In this paper was used remote sensing (RS) data, kindly provided by The European Space Agency (ESA), namely Sentinel-2 (S-2) Multispectral Instrument (MSI) and wellkonwn images Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). The RS images was processed in SNAP and ArcMap. Study Area, was considered the eastern of Iasi county. The main purpose of paper was to investigating if Sentinel images can be used for VCI analysis.

scholarly journals Wave Farms Impact on the Coastal Processes—A Case Study Area in the Portuguese Nearshore

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Florin Onea ◽  
Liliana Rusu ◽  
Gabriel Bogdan Carp ◽  
Eugen Rusu
Keyword(s):  
European Space Agency ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Marine Energy ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Significant Attenuation

The aim of the present work is to identify the expected nearshore and offshore impact of a marine energy farm that would be implemented in the coastal environment of Portugal. Several layouts of Wave Dragon devices were considered, the distance between each system being gradually adjusted. By processing 27–years of combined wave data coming from the European Space Agency and ERA5, the most relevant conditions have been identified. The centre of each farm layout was set to approximately 3.5 km from the coast, where a more significant attenuation of wave heights in the middle of the target area was noticed, which can go up to 16% in the case of extreme events. From the analysis of the longshore currents, it was noticed that even an arrow farm layout defined by five systems may have a significant impact, by changing the peak or by smoothing the currents profile. Wave energy is an emerging renewable sector that can also contribute tocoastal protection and, therefore, the Portuguese coast represents a suitable candidate for this type of project.

scholarly journals Geophysical validation of temperature retrieved by the ESA processor from MIPAS/ENVISAT atmospheric limb-emission measurements

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 5439-5513 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ridolfi ◽  
U. Blum ◽  
B. Carli ◽  
V. Catoire ◽  
S. Ceccherini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Instruments And Techniques

Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) has been operating since March 2002 onboard of the ENVIronmental SATellite of the European Space Agency (ESA). The high resolution (0.035 cm−1) limb-emission measurements acquired by MIPAS in the first two years of operation have very good geographical and temporal coverage and have been re-processed by ESA with the most recent versions (4.61 and 4.62) of the inversion algorithms. The products of this processing chain are geolocated profiles of temperature and of the volume mixing ratios of six key atmospheric constituents: H2O, O3, HNO3, CH4, N2O and NO2. As for all the measurements made with innovative instruments and techniques, this data set requires a thorough validation. In this paper we present a geophysical validation of the temperature profiles derived from MIPAS measurements by the ESA retrieval algorithm. The validation is carried-out by comparing MIPAS temperature with correlative measurements made by radiosondes, lidars, in-situ and remote sensors operated either from the ground or stratospheric balloons. The results of the intercomparison indicate that the bias of the MIPAS profiles is generally smaller than 1 or 2 K depending on altitude. Furthermore we find that, especially at the edges of the altitude range covered by the MIPAS scan, the random error estimated from the intercomparison is larger (typically by a factor of two to three) than the corresponding estimate derived on the basis of error propagation. In this work we also characterize the discrepancies between MIPAS temperature and the temperature fields resulting from the analyses of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The bias and the standard deviation of these discrepancies are consistent with those obtained when comparing MIPAS to correlative measurements; however, in this case the detected bias has a peculiar behavior as a function of altitude. This behavior is very similar to that observed in previous studies and is suspected to be due to a problem in the ECMWF temperature.

scholarly journals PERSISTENT SCATTERER INTERFEROMETRY USING SENTINEL-1 DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B7 ◽  
pp. 835-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Crosetto ◽  
O. Monserrat ◽  
N. Devanthéry ◽  
M. Cuevas-González ◽  
A. Barra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Sar Data ◽  
Interferometric Sar ◽  
High Coherence

This paper is focused on deformation monitoring using a Persistent Scatterer Interferometry technique and the interferometric SAR data acquired by the Sentinel-1 satellite of the European Space Agency. The first part of the paper describes the procedure used to process and analyze Sentinel-1 interferometric SAR data. Two main approaches are described. The first one is a simplified Persistent Scatterer Interferometry approach that exploits two key properties of the Sentinel-1 data: the high coherence of the 12-day interferograms and the reduced orbital tube. The second approach is a full Persistent Scatterer Interferometry approach, where a more sophisticate data treatment is employed. The second part of the paper illustrates the results obtained with the two processing approaches. Two case studies are described. The first one concerns landslide detection and monitoring. In this case, the simplified Persistent Scatterer Interferometry approach was used. The second one regards the deformation monitoring of an urban area. In this case, a full Persistent Scatterer Interferometry approach was used.

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