scholarly journals Mitigation of Short-Term Temporal Variations of Receiver Code Bias to Achieve Increased Success Rate of Ambiguity Resolution in PPP

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Guanwen Huang ◽  
Yuanxi Yang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Ambiguity Resolution ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Receiver Clock ◽  
Code Bias ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Free Code

Ambiguity resolution (AR) is critical for achieving a fast, high-precision solution in precise point positioning (PPP). In the standard uncombined PPP (S-UPPP) method, ionosphere-free code biases are superimposed by ambiguity and receiver clock offsets to be estimated. However, besides the time-constant part of the receiver code bias, the complex and time-varying term in receivers destroy the stability of ambiguities and degrade the performance of the UPPP AR. The variation of receiver code bias can be confirmed by the analysis in terms of ionospheric observables, code multipath (MP) of the Melbourne–Wübbena (MW) combination and the ionosphere-free combination. Therefore, the effect of receiver code biases should be rigorously mitigated. We introduce a modified UPPP (M-UPPP) method to reduce the effects of receiver code biases in ambiguities and to decouple the correlation between receiver clock parameters, code biases, and ambiguities parameters. An extra receiver code bias is set to isolate the code biases from ambiguities. The more stable ambiguities without code biases are expected to achieve a higher success rate of ambiguity resolution and a shortened convergence time. The variations of the receiver code biases, which are the unmodeled errors in measurement residuals of the S-UPPP method, can be estimated in the M-UPPP method. The maximum variation of the code biases is up to 16 ns within two-hour data. In the M-UPPP method, the averaged epoch residuals for code and phase measurements recover their zero-mean features. For the ambiguity-fixed solutions in the M-UPPP method, the convergence times are 14 and 43 min with 17.7% and 69.2% improvements compared to that in the S-UPPP method which are 17 and 90 min under the 68% and 95% confidence levels.

scholarly journals The Effect of BDS-3 Time Group Delay and Differential Code Bias Corrections on Positioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Peipei Dai ◽  
Jianping Xing ◽  
Yulong Ge ◽  
Xuhai Yang ◽  
Weijin Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Delay ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Differential Code Bias ◽  
Receiver Clock ◽  
Code Bias ◽  
Point Positioning ◽  
The Impact

The timing group delay parameter (TGD) or differential code bias parameter (DCB) is an important factor that affects the performance of GNSS basic services; therefore, TGD and DCB must be taken seriously. Moreover, the TGD parameter is modulated in the navigation message, taking into account the impact of TGD on the performance of the basic service. International GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) provides the broadcast ephemeris with TGD parameter and the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) provides DCB products. In this paper, the current available BDS-3 TGD and DCB parameters are firstly described in detail, and the relationship of TGD and DCB for BDS-3 is figured out. Then, correction models of BDS-3 TGD and DCB in standard point positioning (SPP) or precise point positioning (PPP) are given, which can be applied in various situations. For the effects of TGD and DCB in the SPP and PPP solution processes, all the signals from BDS-3 were researched, and the validity of TGD and DCB has been further verified. The experimental results show that the accuracy of B1I, B1C and B2a single-frequency SPP with TGD or DCB correction was improved by approximately 12–60%. TGD will not be considered for B3I single-frequency, because the broadcast satellite clock offset is based on the B3I as the reference signal. The positioning accuracy of B1I/B3I and B1C/B2a dual-frequency SPP showed that the improvement range for horizontal components is 60.2% to 74.4%, and the vertical components improved by about 50% after the modification of TGD and DCB. In addition, most of the uncorrected code biases are mostly absorbed into the receiver clock bias and other parameters for PPP, resulting in longer convergence time. The convergence time can be max increased by up to 50% when the DCB parameters are corrected. Consequently, the positioning accuracy can reach the centimeter level after convergence, but it is critical for PPP convergence time and receiver clock bias that the TGD and DCB correction be considered seriously.

Initial Performance Evaluation of Precise Point Positioning with Triple-Frequency Observations from BDS-2 and BDS-3 Satellites

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Hongzhen Yang ◽  
Chen He ◽  
Zhiqiang Wang ◽  
Weiping Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Triple Frequency ◽  
Ionosphere Model ◽  
Receiver Clock ◽  
Combined Solution ◽  
Code Bias ◽  
Point Positioning

This paper presents an investigation of the precise point positioning (PPP) performance of a combined solution from BDS-2 and BDS-3 satellites. To simultaneously process different BDS signal observations, i.e., B1/B1C, B2/B2a and B3C, undifferenced and uncombined observations with ionosphere delay constrained by the deterministic plus stochastic ionosphere model are used in the basic model. Special attention is paid to code bias and receiver clock parameters in the derivation of the observation model. The analysis is carried out using more than one-month data for BDS-2 and BDS-3 collected at the CANB, DWIN, KNDY and PETH stations in the Asia-Pacific region. The results suggest that compared with BDS-2 alone, the BDS-2 and BDS-3 solution provides significantly more accurate PPP, with increases of 28%, 21% and 5% in the up, north and east directions, respectively. In addition, the average root mean square error decreases to 0·21, 0·13 and 0·16 m for the three directions. Furthermore, the PPP convergence time for BDS-2 and BDS-3 is about 1·5 h and less than 1 h for the horizontal and vertical components, respectively, whereas that for BDS-2 alone is about 2·3 h for both directions.

scholarly journals Triple-Frequency GPS Precise Point Positioning Ambiguity Resolution Using Dual-Frequency Based IGS Precise Clock Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Yang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Ambiguity Resolution ◽  
Carrier Phase ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Free Carrier ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Triple Frequency ◽  
Wide Lane ◽  
Point Positioning

With the availability of the third civil signal in the Global Positioning System, triple-frequency Precise Point Positioning ambiguity resolution methods have drawn increasing attention due to significantly reduced convergence time. However, the corresponding triple-frequency based precise clock products are not widely available and adopted by applications. Currently, most precise products are generated based on ionosphere-free combination of dual-frequency L1/L2 signals, which however are not consistent with the triple-frequency ionosphere-free carrier-phase measurements, resulting in inaccurate positioning and unstable float ambiguities. In this study, a GPS triple-frequency PPP ambiguity resolution method is developed using the widely used dual-frequency based clock products. In this method, the interfrequency clock biases between the triple-frequency and dual-frequency ionosphere-free carrier-phase measurements are first estimated and then applied to triple-frequency ionosphere-free carrier-phase measurements to obtain stable float ambiguities. After this, the wide-lane L2/L5 and wide-lane L1/L2 integer property of ambiguities are recovered by estimating the satellite fractional cycle biases. A test using a sparse network is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that the ambiguity resolution can be achieved in minutes even tens of seconds and the positioning accuracy is in decimeter level.

scholarly journals Single-epoch RTK performance assessment of tightly combined BDS-2 and newly complete BDS-3

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanke Liu ◽  
Mingkui Wu ◽  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Wang Wang ◽  
Wei Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Ambiguity Resolution ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Short Baseline ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Single Epoch

AbstractThe BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) constellation deployment has been completed on June 23, 2020, with a full constellation comprising 30 satellites. In this study, we present the performance assessment of single-epoch Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning with tightly combined BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BDS-3. We first investigate whether code and phase Differential Inter-System Biases (DISBs) exist between the legacy B1I/B3I signals of BDS-3/BDS-2. It is discovered that the DISBs are in fact about zero for the baselines with the same or different receiver types at their endpoints. These results imply that BDS-3 and BDS-2 are fully interoperable and can be regarded as one constellation without additional DISBs when the legacy B1I/B3I signals are used for precise relative positioning. Then we preliminarily evaluate the single-epoch short baseline RTK performance of tightly combined BDS-2 and the newly completed BDS-3. The performance is evaluated through ambiguity resolution success rate, ambiguity dilution of precision, as well as positioning accuracy in kinematic and static modes using the datasets collected in Wuhan. Experimental results demonstrate that the current BDS-3 only solutions can deliver comparable ambiguity resolution performance and much better positioning accuracy with respect to BDS-2 only solutions. Moreover, the RTK performance is much improved with tightly combined BDS-3/BDS-2, particularly in challenging or harsh conditions. The single-frequency single-epoch tightly combined BDS-3/BDS-2 solution could deliver an ambiguity resolution success rate of 96.9% even with an elevation cut-off angle of 40°, indicating that the tightly combined BDS-3/BDS-2 could achieve superior RTK positioning performance in the Asia–Pacific region. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional (East/North/Up) positioning accuracy of BDS-3 only solution (0.52 cm/0.39 cm/2.14 cm) in the kinematic test is significantly better than that of the BDS-2 only solution (0.85 cm/1.02 cm/3.01 cm) due to the better geometry of the current BDS-3 constellation. The tightly combined BDS-3/BDS-2 solution can provide the positioning accuracy of 0.52 cm, 0.22 cm, and 1.80 cm, respectively.

scholarly journals GPS/BDS-2/Galileo Precise Point Positioning Ambiguity Resolution Based on the Uncombined Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Guanwen Huang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Yuting Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambiguity Resolution ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Wide Lane ◽  
3D Positioning ◽  
System Bias ◽  
Point Positioning ◽  
Raw Observations ◽  
Gps Observations

In this study, an uncombined precise point positioning (PPP) model was established and was used for estimating fractional cycle bias (FCB) products and for achieving ambiguity resolution (AR), using GPS, BDS-2, and Galileo raw observations. The uncombined PPP model is flexible and efficient for positioning services and generating FCB. The FCBs for GPS, BDS-2, and Galileo were estimated using the uncombined PPP model with observations from the Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations. The root mean squares (RMSs) of the float ambiguity a posteriori residuals associated with all of the three GNSS constellations, i.e., GPS, BDS-2, and Galileo, are less than 0.1 cycles for both narrow-lane (NL) and wide-lane (WL) combinations. The standard deviation (STD) of the WL combination FCB series is 0.015, 0.013, and 0.006 cycles for GPS, BDS-2, and Galileo, respectively, and the counterpart for the NL combination FCB series is 0.030 and 0.0184 cycles for GPS and Galileo, respectively. For the BDS-2 NL combination FCB series, the STD of the inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites is 0.0156 cycles, while the value for the medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites is 0.073 cycles. The AR solutions produced by the uncombined multi-GNSS PPP model were evaluated from the positioning biases and the success fixing rate of ambiguity. The experimental results demonstrate that the growth of the amount of available satellites significantly improves the PPP performance. The three-dimensional (3D) positioning accuracies associated with the PPP ambiguity-fixed solutions for the respective only-GPS, GPS/BDS-2, GPS/Galileo, and GPS/BDS-2/Galileo models are 1.34, 1.19, 1.21, and 1.14 cm, respectively, and more than a 30% improvement is achieved when compared to the results related to the ambiguity-float solutions. Additionally, the convergence time based on the GPS/BDS-2/Galileo observations is only 7.5 min for the ambiguity-fixed solutions, and the results exhibit a 53% improvement in comparison to the ambiguity-float solutions. The values of convergence time based on the only-GPS observations are estimated as 22 and 10.5 min for the ambiguity-float and ambiguity-fixed solutions, respectively. Lastly, the success fixing rate of ambiguity is also dramatically raised for the multi-GNSS PPP AR. For example, the percentage is approximately 99% for the GPS/BDS-2/Galileo solution over a 10 min processing period. In addition, the inter-system bias (ISB) between GPS, BDS-2, and Galileo, which is carefully considered in the uncombined multi-GNSS PPP method, is modeled as a white noise process. The differences of the ISB series between BDS-2 and Galileo indicate that the clock datum bias of the satellite clock offset estimation accounts for the variation of the ISB series.

scholarly journals Multiplatform Instantaneous GNSS Ambiguity Resolution for Triple- and Quadruple-Antenna Configurations with Constraints

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Buist ◽  
Peter J. G. Teunissen ◽  
Gabriele Giorgi ◽  
Sandra Verhagen
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Ambiguity Resolution ◽  
Attitude Determination ◽  
Relative Positioning ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Gnss Ambiguity Resolution

Traditionally the relative positioning and attitude determination problem are treated as independent. In this contribution we will investigate the possibilities of using multiantenna (i.e., triple and quadruple) data, not only for attitude determination but also for relative positioning. The methods developed are rigorous and have the additional advantage that they improve ambiguity resolution on the unconstrained baseline(s) and the overall success rate of ambiguity resolution between a number of antennas.

scholarly journals Kinematic ME-MAFA for Pseudolite Carrier-Phase Ambiguity Resolution in Precise Single-Point Positioning

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6197
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Xiye Guo ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
Changshui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Ambiguity Resolution ◽  
Carrier Phase ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Voronoi Cell ◽  
Static Mode ◽  
Single Point Positioning ◽  
Cycle Slips ◽  
Point Positioning

Precise single-point positioning using carrier-phase measurements can be provided by the synchronized pseudolite system. The primary task of carrier phase positioning is ambiguity resolution (AR) with rapidity and reliability. As the pseudolite system is usually operated in the dense multipath environment, cycle slips may lead the conventional least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) method to incorrect AR. A new AR method based on the idea of the modified ambiguity function approach (MAFA), which is insensitive to the cycle slips, is studied in this paper. To improve the model strength of the MAFA and to eliminate the influence of constant multipath biases on the time-average model in static mode, the kinematic multi-epoch MAFA (kinematic ME-MAFA) algorithm is proposed. A heuristic method for predicting the ‘float position’ corresponding to every Voronoi cell of the next epoch, making use of Doppler-based velocity information, is implemented to improve the computational efficiency. If the success rate is very close to 1, it is possible to guarantee reliable centimeter-level accuracy positioning without further ambiguity validation. Therefore, a computing method of the success rate for the kinematic ME-MAFA is proposed. Both the numerical simulations and the kinematic experiment demonstrate the feasibility of the new AR algorithm according to its accuracy and reliability. The accuracy of the horizontal positioning solution is better than 1.7 centimeters in our pseudolite system.

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