scholarly journals Radar Interferometry as a Comprehensive Tool for Monitoring the Fault Activity in the Vicinity of Underground Gas Storage Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Rapant ◽  
Juraj Struhár ◽  
Milan Lazecký
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Vienna Basin ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
Storage Facilities

Underground gas storage facilities are an important element of the natural gas supply system. They compensate for seasonal fluctuations in natural gas consumption. Their expected lifetime is in tens of years. Continuous monitoring of underground gas storage is therefore very important to ensure its longevity. Periodic injection and withdrawal of natural gas can cause, among other things, vertical movements of the terrain surface. Radar interferometry is a commonly used method for tracking changes in the terrain height. It can register even relatively small height changes (mm/year). The primary aim of our research was to verify whether terrain behavior above a relatively deep underground gas storage can be monitored by this method and to assess the possibility of detecting the occurrence of anomalous terrain behavior in an underground gas storage area such as reactivation of faults in the area. The results show a high correlation between periodic injection and withdrawal of natural gas into/from the underground reservoir and periodic changes in terrain height above it (the amplitude of the height changes is in centimeters), which may allow the detection of anomalous phenomena. We documented special behavior of storage structures in the Vienna Basin: the areas adjacent to the underground gas storages show exactly the opposite phase of vertical movements, i.e., while the terrain above the underground reservoirs rises as natural gas is injected, the adjacent areas subside, and vice versa. Based on the analysis of geological conditions, we tend to conclude that this behavior is conditioned by the tectonic fault structure of the studied area.

Inventory Verification in Underground Gas Storage Rebuilt from Depleted Gas Reservoir: A Case Study from China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Song ◽  
Hongcheng Xu ◽  
Qiqi Wanyan ◽  
Wei Liao ◽  
Shijie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Well Pattern ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Depleted Gas Reservoir

Abstract Inventory verification is one of vital tasks in underground gas storage (UGS) management process. For one reason, it is possible to know exactly how much natural gas is actually in the gas storage and ensure that it can be produced and supplied to the market in winter season when needed. For another, possible natural gas leakage can be discovered in time by inventory verification, to ensure the safe and economic operation of the gas storage. HTB UGS is a gas storage facility rebuilt from a depleted gas reservoir in China, which has been commissioning in June 2013. After 7 years injection-withdrawal cycles, we calculated and analyzed the inventory of this gas storage. First and foremost, we analyzed the data of 13 observation wells, including monitoring of gas-water interface, caprocks, and faults of the HTB UGS. In addition, we carried out core experiments in the laboratory to simulate the multi-cycle injection and withdrawal of gas storage, and analyzed the microscopic pore seepage characteristics of the reservoir during the UGS operation. Next, based on the operating pressure test data of the gas storage, we corrected the formation pressure and calculated the effective inventory. Furthermore, combined with the simulation results that we have carried out in the previous period, the effective inventory of HTB UGS was comprehensively evaluated. The result shows that: 1) The complete monitoring system indicates that the HTB UGS has no gas escaping from the storage field through faults, caprocks or wellbore. 2) The experimental result shows that in the process of gas withdrawal, various forms of natural gas such as jams and bypasses in some areas of the reservoir cannot participate in the flow, leading to this part of natural gas cannot be used. 3) Inventory calculation shows that as of the end of gas withdrawal in March 2020, the book inventory of HTB UGS is 99.8×108m3，while the effective inventory is 91.8×108m3 and the working gas is 39.9×108m3. 4) By acidification or other measures to improve the geological conditions, intensifying the well pattern and extending the gas production time, HTB UGS can increase its effective inventory. With the great efforts in constructing underground gas storage in China and the market-oriented operation of UGS, inventory verification of gas storage will become increasingly important. The inventory analysis method established in this article can provide a certain reference.

scholarly journals Existing methods of creating, operating underground gas storages and enhancing component recovery of layers

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
F. A. Nurmammadli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Unconventional Methods ◽  
Gas Supply

A significant role in ensuring the reliability of gas supply is played by underground gas storages, which are the most cost-effective objects for reserving natural gas. With all the originality of solving the issues of gas supply reliability by constructing underground gas storage in depleted gas condensate, gas and oil fields and aquifers, which are traditional methods, the absence of such geological conditions necessitates searching for other, unconventional methods of creating underground gas storages.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATIONS OF UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE FACILITIES AND NATURAL GAS PIPELINES

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Staniszewska ◽  
Alin Kunicka-Styczyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Ziemiński
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Storage Facilities

The Commercial Potentials of Underground Natural Gas Storage in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedamola Adegun ◽  
Femi Rufai
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Natural Gas Storage ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Energy Mix

Abstract Nigeria is the 2nd biggest natural gas producer in Africa, with much of it exported as LNG, some re-injected while a small fraction serves the domestic market. The volume supplied to the domestic market plays an outsized role in the energy mix and economy of Nigeria with over 90% supplied to thermal power plants and industrial clusters. As huge upstream gas projects continue to take Final Investment Decision, pipeline takeaway capacity grows and demand increases, the dependence on natural gas and preponderance in the energy mix will likely persist. Natural gas is the present and future of Nigeria's energy needs. The domestic gas industry is evolving but has been fraught with challenges. Oil and gas infrastructure are often disrupted and production shut-in, mostly triggered by infrastructure unavailablity, environmental concerns and prioritisation of hydro power generation during River Niger's white and black floods, all of which come at a cost to upstream producers. Gas producers are often compelled to curtail production of gas plants (associated and non-associated) to avoid environmental disasters and prohibitive gas flare penalties. Can underground gas storage (UGS) be an opportunity for gas producers to guarantee continued operations during disruptions and provide buffer for national strategic benefits? This paper seeks to explore the potential technical and economic dynamics of underground natural gas storage in Nigeria in the context of extant technical regulations, seasonal demand variations, gas flare penalties and local operating environment. The paper presents types of underground storages and recommends the most suitable, considers options for optimal location of UGS in Nigeria and undertakes an economic evaluation of a UGS project. The findings are further presented alongside the critical technical, regulatory and fiscal factors that may facilitate future investments and growth of underground gas storage in Nigeria.

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