scholarly journals Correction: Liu, L., et al. Spatiotemporal Variation of Drought and Associated Multi-Scale Response to Climate Change over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1596

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Liu ◽  
Shan ◽  
Xu ◽  
Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Response ◽  
Yarlung Zangbo River ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [1]: [...]

scholarly journals Transition Characteristics of the Dry-Wet Regime and Vegetation Dynamic Responses over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, Southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Liu ◽  
Qiankun Niu ◽  
Jingxia Heng ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Zongxue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Vegetation Dynamic ◽  
Reversal Phenomenon ◽  
Yarlung Zangbo River ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Basin Area

The dry-wet transition is of great importance for vegetation dynamics, however the response mechanism of vegetation variations is still unclear due to the complicated effects of climate change. As a critical ecologically fragile area located in the southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) basin, which was selected as the typical area in this study, is significantly sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) based on the GLDAS-NOAH products and the GIMMS-NDVI remote sensing data from 1982 to 2015 were employed to investigate the spatio-temporal characteristics of the dry-wet regime and the vegetation dynamic responses. The results showed that: (1) The spatio-temporal patterns of the precipitation and temperature simulated by the GLDAS-NOAH fitted well with those of the in-situ data. (2) During the period of 1982–2015, the whole YZR basin exhibited an overall wetting tendency. However, the spatio-temporal characteristics of the dry-wet regime exhibited a reversal phenomenon before and after 2000, which was jointly identified by the SPEI and runoff. That is, the YZR basin showed a wetting trend before 2000 and a drying trend after 2000; the arid areas in the basin showed a tendency of wetting whereas the humid areas exhibited a trend of drying. (3) The region where NDVI was positively correlated with SPEI accounted for approximately 70% of the basin area, demonstrating a similar spatio-temporal reversal phenomenon of the vegetation around 2000, indicating that the dry-wet condition is of great importance for the evolution of vegetation. (4) The SPEI showed a much more significant positive correlation with the soil water content which accounted for more than 95% of the basin area, implying that the soil water content was an important indicator to identify the dry-wet transition in the YZR basin.

scholarly journals Effects of the Freezing–Thawing Cycle Mode on Alpine Vegetation in the Nagqu River Basin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihao Man ◽  
Baisha Weng ◽  
Yuheng Yang ◽  
Xiaoyan Gong ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Frequency Mode ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Alpine Vegetation ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Thawing Cycle ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The freezing–thawing cycle is a basic feature of a frozen soil ecosystem, and it affects the growth of alpine vegetation both directly and indirectly. As the climate changes, the freezing–thawing mode, along with its impact on frozen soil ecosystems, also changes. In this research, the freezing–thawing cycle of the Nagqu River Basin in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau was studied. Vegetation growth characteristics and microbial abundance were analyzed under different freezing–thawing modes. The direct and indirect effects of the freezing–thawing cycle mode on alpine vegetation in the Nagqu River Basin are presented, and the changing trends and hazards of the freezing–thawing cycle mode due to climate change are discussed. The results highlight two major findings. First, the freezing–thawing cycle in the Nagqu River Basin has a high-frequency mode (HFM) and a low-frequency mode (LFM). With the influence of climate change, the LFM is gradually shifting to the HFM. Second, the alpine vegetation biomass in the HFM is lower than that in the LFM. Frequent freezing–thawing cycles reduce root cell activity and can even lead to root cell death. On the other hand, frequent freezing–thawing cycles increase microbial (Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Pseudomonas) death, weaken symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the disease resistance of vegetation, accelerate soil nutrient loss, reduce the soil water holding capacity and soil moisture, and hinder root growth. This study provides a complete response mechanism of alpine vegetation to the freezing–thawing cycle frequency while providing a theoretical basis for studying the change direction and impact on the frozen soil ecosystem due to climate change.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation of Drought and Associated Multi-Scale Response to Climate Change over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Baoying Shan ◽  
Zhicheng Xu ◽  
Qiankun Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Response ◽  
Yarlung Zangbo River ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Variance Contribution ◽  
Wetting Process ◽  
Annual Scale

Drought is one of the most widespread and threatening natural disasters in the world, which has terrible impacts on agricultural irrigation and production, ecological environment, and socioeconomic development. As a critical ecologically fragile area located in southwest China, the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) basin is sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and human activities. Hence, this study focused on the YZR basin and attempted to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of drought and associated multi-scale response to climate change based on the scPDSI (self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index) and CRU (climate research unit) data. Results showed that: (1) The YZR basin has experienced an overall wetting process from 1956 to 2015, while a distinct transition period in the mid 1990s (from wet to dry) was detected by multiple statistical methods. (2) Considering the spatial variation of the scPDSI, areas showing the significantly wetting process with increasing scPDSI values were mostly located in the arid upstream and midstream regions, which accounted for over 48% area of the YZR basin, while areas exhibiting the drying tendency with decreasing scPDSI values were mainly concentrated in the humid southern part of the YZR basin, dominating the transition period from wet to dry, to which more attention should be paid. (3) By using the EEMD (ensemble empirical mode decomposition) method, the scPDSI over the YZR basin showed quasi-3-year and quasi-9-year cycles at the inter-annual scale, while quasi-15-year and quasi-56-year cycles were detected at the inter-decadal scale. The reconstructed inter-annual scale showed a better capability to represent the abrupt change characteristic of drought, which was also more influential to the original time series with a variance contribution of 55.3%, while the inter-decadal scale could be used to portray the long-term drought variation process with a relative lower variance contribution of 29.1%. (4) The multi-scale response of drought to climate change indicated that changes of precipitation (PRE) and diurnal temperature range (DTR) were the major driving factors in the drought variation at different time scales. Compared with potential evapotranspiration (PET), DTR was a much more important climate factor associated with drought variations by altering the energy balance, which is more obvious over the YZR basin distributed with extensive snow cover and glaciers. These findings could provide important implications for ecological environment protection and sustainable socioeconomic development in the YZR basin and other high mountain regions.

scholarly journals Disaster Chain Analysis of Avalanche and Landslide and the River Blocking Dam of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Milin County of Tibet on 17 and 29 October 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huicong Jia ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Donghua Pan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Flow Formation ◽  
Yarlung Zangbo River ◽  
Disaster Chain ◽  
Secondary Disasters ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

As a “starting zone” and “amplifier” of global climate change, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is very responsive to climate change. The global temperature rise has led directly to an acceleration of glacial melting in the plateau and various glacier avalanche disasters have frequently occurred. The landslide caused by glacier avalanches will damage the surrounding environment, causing secondary disasters and a disaster chain effect. Take the disaster chain of the Yarlung Zangbo River at Milin County in Tibet on 17 and 29 October 2018 as an example; a formation mechanical model was proposed. The evolution mechanism for the chain of events is as follows: glacial melt → loose moraine deposit → migration along the steep erosion groove resulting in glacier clastic deposition then debris flow → formation of the dam plug to block the river → the dammed lake. This sequence of events is of great significance for understanding the developmental trends for future avalanches, landslides, and river blocking dam disasters, and for disaster prevention planning and mitigation in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Changes of Snow Cover and Its Relationship With Meteorological Factors on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyu Jin ◽  
xiaohong chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Abstract The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) is one of the most sensitive areas to climate change, and its ecological environment changes directly or indirectly reflect the global climate change trend. The snow cover ratio (SCR) is an important indicator reflecting the climate and environmental changes of the TP. The daily remote sensing data of snow cover on the TP from 2003 to 2014 were used to study the spatio-temporal distribution of snow cover on the TP. The results have shown that the average snowmelt day on the TP starts on the 103rd day and ends on the 223rd day of a year, and the snowmelt duration has a downward trend. Snow is mainly distributed in the Nyainqentanglha Mountains, Karakoram Mountains and Himalayas. The SCR in summer has a downward trend, while in autumn has a rising trend. This shows that the difference in SCR during the year has enlarged, increasing the risk of snowmelt floods. The SCR is highly correlated with temperature, but weakly correlated with precipitation. Using the long-term remote sensing data of snow cover, the distribution of glacier coverage on the TP can be extracted, in which glaciers on the TP account for about 1%. This research provides an important reference for in-depth understanding of the snow cover changes on the TP and their impact on the environment.

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