scholarly journals Different Agricultural Responses to Extreme Drought Events in Neighboring Counties of South and North Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Ryu ◽  
Kyung-Soo Han ◽  
Yang-Won Lee ◽  
No-Wook Park ◽  
Sungwook Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Drought Indices

Satellite-based remote sensing techniques have been widely used to monitor droughts spanning large areas. Various agricultural drought indices have been developed to assess the intensity of agricultural drought and to detect damaged crop areas. However, to better understand the responses of agricultural drought to meteorological drought, agricultural management practices should be taken into consideration. This study aims to evaluate the responses to drought under different forms of agricultural management for the extreme drought that occurred on the Korean Peninsula in 2014 and 2015. The 3-month standardized precipitation index (SPI3) and the 3-month vegetation health index (VHI3) were selected as a meteorological drought index and an agricultural drought index, respectively. VHI3, which comprises the 3-month temperature condition index (TCI3) and the 3-month vegetation condition index (VCI3), differed significantly in the study area during the extreme drought. VCI3 had a different response to the lack of precipitation in South and North Korea because it was affected by irrigation. However, the time series of TCI3 were similar in South and North Korea. These results meant that each drought index has different characteristics and should be utilized with caution. Our results are expected to help comprehend the responses of the agricultural drought index on meteorological drought depending on agricultural management.

scholarly journals Exploring Drought Conditions in the Three River Headwaters Region from 2002 to 2011 Using Multiple Drought Indices

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyi Wang ◽  
Tiejian Li ◽  
Jiahua Wei
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Comparative Study

The Three River Headwaters Region (TRHR) has great uncertainty on drought conditions under climate change. The aim of this study is to compare the drought conditions detected by multiple drought indices across the TRHR. We applied four single drought indices, i.e., Precipitation Condition Index (PCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Soil Moisture Condition Index (SMCI), and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and two combined drought indices, i.e., Combined Meteorological Drought Index (CMDI) and Combined Vegetation drought index (CVDI), to explore the drought conditions across the TRHR. Three in situ drought indices, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardized Non-Parametric Index (SNPI) were used to evaluate the performances of multiple drought indices. The results include various drought conditions detected by multiple drought indices, as well as a comparative study among different drought indices. Through the comparative study, we found that PCI was a desirable single index to monitor meteorological drought. TCI was suitable for monitoring agricultural/vegetation drought. SMCI and VCI should be avoided for monitoring drought in this region. CMDI was an appropriate meteorological drought index, and CVDI was a promising indicator in monitoring agricultural/vegetation drought.

scholarly journals Spatial Evaluation of Droughts Using Selected Satellite-based Indices in the Upper Tana River Watershed, Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Harriette A. Okal ◽  
Felix K. Ngetich ◽  
Jeremiah M. Okeyo
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Noaa Avhrr ◽  
Tana River ◽  
Raster Maps

Aims: To identify the most appropriate drought indices for the identification and monitoring of historical meteorological and agricultural drought incidences and to explore the spatial characteristics of these droughts. Study design: GIS-based empirical research design. Place and Duration of Study: Upper Tana River Watershed, Kenya drought analysis covering a period of 1981 to 2013. Methodology: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) provided raster maps for Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) agricultural drought index, while GeoClim databased through Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) was used for retrieval of raster maps for Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) meteorological drought index. ArcGIS version 10.3.1 facilitated image enhancement and correction for better visualization and interpretation. Results: Agricultural drought years were in 1983, 1987, 1993, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2008, and 2009 while meteorological drought years were in 1983, 1984, 1992, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2003, and 2011. Conclusion: Meteorological drought triggered events of agricultural drought. Both droughts showed a widespread pattern and were found to manifest at relatively same intervals during the study period.

scholarly journals Commonly Used Drought Indices as Indicators of Soil Moisture in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1397-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongshuo Wang ◽  
Jeffrey C. Rogers ◽  
Darla K. Munroe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Soil moisture shortages adversely affecting agriculture are significantly associated with meteorological drought. Because of limited soil moisture observations with which to monitor agricultural drought, characterizing soil moisture using drought indices is of great significance. The relationship between commonly used drought indices and soil moisture is examined here using Chinese surface weather data and calculated station-based drought indices. Outside of northeastern China, surface soil moisture is more affected by drought indices having shorter time scales while deep-layer soil moisture is more related on longer index time scales. Multiscalar drought indices work better than drought indices from two-layer bucket models. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) works similarly or better than the standardized precipitation index (SPI) in characterizing soil moisture at different soil layers. In most stations in China, the Z index has a higher correlation with soil moisture at 0–5 cm than the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), which in turn has a higher correlation with soil moisture at 90–100-cm depth than the Z index. Soil bulk density and soil organic carbon density are the two main soil properties affecting the spatial variations of the soil moisture–drought indices relationship. The study may facilitate agriculture drought monitoring with commonly used drought indices calculated from weather station data.

A Study on the Estimation of the Occurrence Frequency of Mega-drought by the Characteristics of Drought Damage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Youngseok ◽  
Kim Jinbok ◽  
Park Jongun ◽  
Park Moojong
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Drought Damage

<p>Unlike natural disasters such as typhoons, torrential rains and floods, drought is a disaster caused by long-term effects as well as short-term effects. The effect of drought is caused by damage from a short period of weeks to a long period of years, which causes extensive and enormous damage to agriculture, life, society and economy. In addition, the recent climate change has affected the frequency and scale of rainfall in the global temperature, so it is necessary to prepare measures against it.</p><p>The past studies on drought have been conducted using drought indexes such as agricultural, meteorological, and hydrological methods to evaluate drought. The representative drought indexes for each drought are Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Agricultural drought is Crop Moisture Index (CMI), Crop Specific Drought Index (CSDI), Hydrological drought is Surface Drought Water Supply Index (SWSI), Reclamation Drought Index (RDI) and so on are used. However, these drought indices are only used as a method of predicting the depth of drought, and do not give the actual number of drought occurrences.</p><p>In this study, we want to determine the frequency of Mega-drought occurrences in consideration of the drought damage characteristics that occurred worldwide from 1900 to 2018. The drought damages in the world were used by EM-DAT (the Emergency Events Database) which manages disaster data in CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). Drought damages occurred in the world from 1900 to 2018 occurred more than once/years in 146 countries. The duration of drought persistence occurred in the country continuously for at least one to 17 years. The purpose of this study is to propose the criteria for mega drought by using the past victim data in connection with the incidence frequency.</p><p>Acknowledges : This research was supported by a grant(2019-MOIS31-010) from Fundamental Technology Development Program for Extreme Disaster Response funded by Korean Ministry of Interior and Safety(MOIS).</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Mapping the Spatial and Temporal Variation of Agricultural and Metrological Drought Using Geospatial Techniques, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Senamaw ◽  
Solomon Addisu ◽  
K.V. Suryabhagavan
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing

Abstract Background Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing play an important role for near real time monitoring of drought condition over large areas. The objective of this study was to assess spatial and temporal variation of agricultural and metrological drought using temporal image of eMODIS NDVI based vegetation condition index (VCI) and standard precipitation index (SPI). To validate the strength of drought indices correlation analysis was made between VCI and crop yield anomaly as well as SPI and crop yield anomaly. The results revealed that the year 2009 and 2015 were drought years while the 2001 and 2007 were wet years. There was also a good correlation between NDVI and rainfall (r=0.71), VCI and crop yield anomaly (0.72), SPI and crop yield anomaly (0.74). Frequency of metrological and agricultural drought was compiled by using historical drought intensity map. ResultThe result shows that there was complex and local scale variation in frequency of drought events in the study period. There was also no year without drought in many parts of the study area. Combined drought risk map also showed that 8%, 56%, 35% and 8% of study area were vulnerable to very severe, severe and moderate drought condition respectively. Conclusion In conclusion, the study area is highly vulnerable to agricultural and meteorological drought. Thus besides mapping drought vulnerable areas, integrating socioeconomic data for better understand other vulnerable factors were recommended.

Drought indices supporting drought management in transboundary watersheds subject to climate alterations

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furat A. M. Al-Faraj ◽  
Miklas Scholz ◽  
Dimitris Tigkas ◽  
Martino Boni
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Transboundary River Basin

There is growing concern in Iraq about the inefficiency of reactive drought management practices. Corresponding actions are largely characterized as emergency-based responses that treat the symptoms of drought rather than consider the vulnerability components associated with impacts. The Diyala watershed shared between Iraq and Iran has been used as an example transboundary river basin marked by ineffectiveness of drought management. The standardized precipitation index and the reconnaissance drought index were used to determine the historical meteorological drought episodes and analysis indicated climate change-induced alterations in the area. Spatiotemporal drought maps were drawn, which can be used for the identification of drought prone areas and assist with proactive planning. This paper discusses the underlying causes of the impairments of drought management policies, and the challenges and difficulties accompanying the governance of drought in Iraq. Given the influence of climate change and the upstream anthropogenic pressures, the time has come to adopt a gradual nation-wide transition step to drought risk planning incorporating a management approach at the transboundary scale. Moreover, the institutional and technical water vulnerability components associated with drought management should be considered in an integrated manner. The paper presents a generic technical template to support decision-makers in drought risk management.

scholarly journals Assessing Spatiotemporal Drought Dynamics and Its Related Environmental Issues in the Mekong River Delta

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran ◽  
Tran ◽  
Myint ◽  
Latorre-Carmona ◽  
Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Severity

Drought is a major natural disaster that creates a negative impact on socio-economic development and environment. Drought indices are typically applied to characterize drought events in a meaningful way. This study aims at examining variations in agricultural drought severity based on the relationship between standardized ratio of actual and potential evapotranspiration (ET and PET), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and land surface temperature (LST) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) platform. A new drought index, called the enhanced drought severity index (EDSI), was developed by applying spatiotemporal regression methods and time-series biophysical data derived from remote sensing. In addition, time-series trend analysis in the 2001–2018 period, along with the Mann–Kendal (MK) significance test and the Theil Sen (TS) slope, were used to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of environmental parameters (i.e., LST, EVI, ET, and PET), and geographically weighted regression (GWR) was subsequently applied in order to analyze the local correlations among them. Results showed that a significant correlation was discovered among LST, EVI, ET, and PET, as well as their standardized ratios (|r| > 0.8, p < 0.01). Additionally, a high performance of the new developed drought index, showing a strong correlation between EDSI and meteorological drought indices (i.e., standardized precipitation index (SPI) or the reconnaissance drought index (RDI)), measured at meteorological stations, giving r > 0.7 and a statistical significance p < 0.01. Besides, it was found that the temporal tendency of this phenomenon was the increase in intensity of drought, and that coastal areas in the study area were more vulnerable to this phenomenon. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of EDSI and the potential application of integrating spatial regression and time-series data for assessing regional drought conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Projection in Meteorological and Hydrological Droughts in the Cheongmicheon Watershed for RCP4.5 and SSP2-4.5

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2066
Author(s):  
Jin Hyuck Kim ◽  
Jang Hyun Sung ◽  
Eun-Sung Chung ◽  
Sang Ug Kim ◽  
Minwoo Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Drought Characteristics

Due to the recent appearance of shares socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios, there have been many studies that compare the results between Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP)5 and CMIP6 general circulation models (GCMs). This study attempted to project future drought characteristics in the Cheongmicheon watershed using SSP2-4.5 of Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator-coupled model (ACCESS-CM2) in addition to Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 of ACCESS 1-3 of the same institute. The historical precipitation and temperature data of ACCESS-CM2 were generated better than those of ACCESS 1-3. Two meteorological drought indices, namely, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were used to project meteorological drought while a hydrological drought index, Standardized Streamflow Index (SDI), was used to project the hydrological drought characteristics. The metrological data of GCMs were bias-corrected using quantile mapping method and the streamflow was obtained using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and bias-corrected meteorological data. As a result, there were large differences of drought occurrences and severities between RCP4.5 and SSP2-4.5 for the values of SPI, SPEI, and SDI. The differences in the minimum values of drought index between near (2021–2060) and far futures (2061–2100) were very small in SSP2-4.5, while those in RCP4.5 were very large. In addition, the longest drought period from SDI was the largest because the variation in precipitation usually affects the streamflow with a lag. Therefore, it was concluded that it is important to consider both CMIP5 and CMIP6 GCMs in establishing the drought countermeasures for the future period.

scholarly journals DROUGHT MONITORING OVER PADDY FIELD AREA IN INDRAMAYU DISTRICT, WEST JAVA USING REMOTELY SENSED INDICES

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parwati ◽  
Miao Jungang ◽  
Orbita Roswintiarti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
West Java ◽  
Vegetation Health

In this research, several meteorological and agricultural drought indices based on remote sensing data are built for drought monitoring over paddy area in Indramayu District, West Java, Indonesia. The meteorological drought index of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is developed from monthly Outgoing Long Wave Radiation (OLR) data from 1980 to 2005. The SPI represents the deficient of precipitation. Meanwhile, the agricultural drought of Vegetation Health Index (VHI) was developed from daily Moderate-resolution ImagingSpectroradiometer (MODIS) data during dry season (May-August) 2003-2006. The VHI was designed to monitoring vegetation health, soil moisture, and thermal conditions. The result shows that the agricultural drought occurate in Indramayu District, especially in the northern and southern part during the dry season in 2003 and 2004. It is found that there is a strong correlation between VHI and soil moisture measured in the field (r=0.84). Key words:Agricultural drought, Meteorological drought, Standardized Precipitation Index, Temperature Condition Index, Vegetation Condition Index.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of an Agricultural Drought Index by Harnessing Soil Moisture and Weather Data

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ajaz ◽  
Saleh Taghvaeian ◽  
Kul Khand ◽  
Prasanna H. Gowda ◽  
Jerry E. Moorhead
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Growth Stages

A new agricultural drought index was developed for monitoring drought impacts on agriculture in Oklahoma. This new index, called the Soil Moisture Evapotranspiration Index (SMEI), estimates the departure of aggregated root zone moisture from reference evapotranspiration. The SMEI was estimated at five locations across Oklahoma representing different climates. The results showed good agreement with existing soil moisture-based (SM) and meteorological drought indices. In addition, the SMEI had improved performance compared to other indices in capturing the effects of temporal and spatial variations in drought. The relationship with crop production is a key characteristic of any agricultural drought index. The correlations between winter wheat production and studied drought indices estimated during the growing period were investigated. The correlation coefficients were largest for SMEI (r > 0.9) during the critical crop growth stages when compared to other drought indices, and r decreased by moving from semi-arid to more humid regions across Oklahoma. Overall, the results suggest that the SMEI can be used effectively for monitoring the effects of drought on agriculture in Oklahoma.

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